금속담지촉매의 소결에 관한 재고

함현식,강삼룡 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1984 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The aims of this paper are : (1) to review the techniques to measure the metal dispersion of the supported metal catalysts, (2) to review the experimental results of sintering of supported metal catalysts, (3) to present the methods used to correlate the sintering data, and (4) to discuss the mechanistic models proposed for the sintering process. The experimental results presented will be restricted to supported Group Ⅷ metals ; the majority of the data being for platinum supported on alumina or silica.

합성가스로부터 메탄올 합성

함현식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Methanol synthesis from synthesis gas one supported palladium catalysts was carried out at 10-20atm(H₂/CO=2) and 230∼310℃ . The highest methanol activity was achieved by the 0.5wt% Ca promoted Pd/SiO₂ catalyst. Methanol activity and selectivity were affected by the promoters and supports used. methanol selectivity of the 5Pd 0.5Ca/SiO₂ catalyst was 98.5%. It was proved that methanol synthesis reaction mechanism was independent of the presence of promoters and pressure.

팔라듐 촉매를 이용한 메탄올 합성 연구

함현식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1988 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.-

팔라듐 담지촉매 상에서 합성가스로부터 메탄올을 합성하였다. 이때 반응조건은, 전압 10-20atm (H₂/CO=2), 온도 230∼310℃였다. 조촉매 ( Ca, K, La )와 담체 (SiO₂, La₂O₃,TiO₂) 가 메탄올 생성 반응활성도와 선택도에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해서, 수소 화학흡착, X-선회절, XPS 및 CO disproportionation 실험을 행했다. 그 결과 메탄올 생성 반응 활성도는 0.5%Pd/SiO₂촉매에서 제일 높았다. 아울러 담체와 조촉매의 역할도 검토하였다.

Pd-ZSM-5 촉매상에서 메탄의 완전연소에 관한 연구

엄기태,함현식 명지대학교 대학원 1997 대학원논문집 Vol.1 No.-

The methane combustion reaction was conducted over Pd-ZSM-5 catalysts in order to get a total combustion of methane. ZSM-5 synthesized at low temperature and atmospheric pressure was used as a support. The change of methane conversion with changing SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio was tested. And, the methane conversion of the synthesised ZSM-5 catalyst was compared with a commericial ZSM-5. The methane conversion was increased with decrease in SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio. Methane combustion reaction rate was also increased with decrease in SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio. The synthesised ZSM-5 showed better methane conversion than that of the commericial one.

Zeolite를 이용한 메탄의 연소

김규성,김상범,함현식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The methane combustion reaction was conducted over Pd-ZSM-5 catalysts in order to get a total combustion of methane. ZSM-5 synthesized at low temperature and atmospheric pressure was used as a support. The change of methane conversion with changing SiO₂/Al₂O₃molar ratio was tested. And, the methane conversion of the synthesised ZSM-5 catalyst was compares with a commericial ZSM-5. The methane conversion was increased with decrease in SiO₂/Al₂O₃molar ratio. methane combustion reaction rate was also increased with decrease in SiO₂/Al₂O₃molar ratio. Thesynthesised ZSM-5 showed better methane conversion than that of the commericial one.

갈로실리케이트([Ga]-MFI)의 상압합성에 미치는 반응물의 영향

김상범,박진우,함현식 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

[GA]-MFI was synthesized at atmospheric pressure and the effect of the molar ratio of reactants on crystallization was investigated. All the reactants affected crystallization. Especially, the inorganic cation(Na^+) and water played an important role in crystallinity and the organic cation(TPA^+)? as a template agent gave a great influence on the yield. And, at a ratio of SiO_2/Ga_2O_3 = 400, the optimum molar ratios of reactants were H_2O/SiO_2 = 30∼35, NA_2O/SiO_2 = 0.5 ∼0.6, and TPA_2O/NA_2O = 1∼1.25. In these molar rations, the crystallinity and the yield were above 95% and 90%, respectively. XRD pattern and IR spectrum showed that the product was to be a typical MFI-type zeolite of orthorhombic structure. ^71Ga MAS NMR spectrum showed a peak located at about 160 ppm, corresponding to the gallium tetrahedrally coordinated that characterize the gallium in zeolite framework.

합성가스 제조에서 탄소의 침적

김영국,김상범,천한진,함현식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - Synthesis gas was produced by the partial oxidation of methane, and carbon deposition in the synthesis gas production was investigated. The catalysts used were supported Ni catalysts and they were prepared by the impregnation method. The reaction was carried out at 1 atm, 750℃, and CH_4:O_2 = 2:1. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst 750℃ and 150mL/min of total flow rate. The lowest carbon deposition was obtained at 750℃ and 100mL/min of total flow rate.

니켈촉매를 이용한 메탄의 부분산화에 의한 합성가스 제조

김상범,신기석,박은석,곽윤철,천한진,함현식 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

메탄의 부분산화에 의하여 힙성가스를 제조하였다. 촉매는 니켈 담지 촉매를 사용하였으며, 담지된 니켈의 양은 10-15 wt%이었다. 담체로는 BaO, CaO, MgO를 사용하였다. 촉매는 함침법으로 제조하였으며, 반응은 CH_4:O_2의 비가 2:1, 1 atm, 750℃에서 수행하였다. 반응결과, MgO를 담체로 사용하였을때 가장 좋은 촉매활성을 보여주었으며, 니켈의 담지량이 13 wt%일때 촉매의 활성이 가장 좋았다. 이 13 wt% Ni/MgO 촉매의 경우 80%의 메탄 전화율과 93% 및 94%의 CO 및 H_2 선택도를 각각 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 이 촘매는 약 180시간 정도의 반응 후에도 촉매의 활성이 감소하지 않았다. 논란 중인 반을 기구에 대하여 조사해 보기 위하여 펄스방식으로 반응물을 투입하며 촉매 상 · 하층의 온도를 측정하였고, 반응시간에 따른 반응물과 생성물의 몰수 변화, 그리고 O_2-TPD 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 메탄으로부터 합성가스가 생성되는 경로는 2단계반응으로써 메탄이 완전 산화되어 CO_2와 H_2O가 생성되고, 이 생성된 CO_2 및 H_2O가 미반응 메탄과 각각 개질반응을 하여 합성가스가 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. Synthesis gas producution by partial oxidation of methane has been investigated using BaO, CaO and MgO supported Ni catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The reaction was carried out at I atm, 750℃, and CH_4:O_2=2:1. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with MgO support when Ni loading was 13 wt%. With the 13 wt% Ni/MgO catalyst, methane conversion was 80%, and CO and H_2 selectivities were 93% and 94%, respectively. The activity of the catalyst remained nearly constant after 180h of the reaction. To investigate the reaction mechanism of this reaction, the temperature of the actalyst bed at top and products were determined with time; and O_2-TPD experiment was carried out. From the results, it is deduced that the reaction takes place by a two-step reaction-first, total oxidation of methane to CO_2 and H_2O takes place, and then the produced CO_2 and H_2O are further reacted with CH_4 to give synthesis gas.

수계형 아크릴 점착제의 제조

곽윤철,조주익,신기석,박은석,함현식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - Removable protective adhesives for automobiles were synthesized by the emulsion polymerization of monomers, such as n-butyl acrylate(BA), n-butyl methacrylate(BMA), acrylonitrile(AN), acrylic acid(AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA), in which AA and 2-HEMA were functional monomers. Emulsion polymerization was conducted with a semi-batch type reactor. Tensile strength, extension, peel strength, viscosity and solid content of the synthesized adhesives were measured. In addition, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance were also examined. As a result, with 0,43 mol of BA, 0,57mol of AN and 0.14~0.21 mol of BMA, the tensile strength, extension and peel strength of the synthesized adhesives satisfied the standard of removable protective adhesives for automobiles.

Propylene Aromatization 에 미치는 온도 및 촉매의 영향

함현식(Hyun Sik Hahm),박홍수(Hong Soo Park),박진우(Jin U Park),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),곽윤철(Yun Cheol Kwak),신기석(Ki Seok Shin) 한국유화학회 2002 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.19 No.2

N/A [Ga]-MFI and H-ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized under atmospheric pressure and used in the propylene aromatization. The effect of temperature on the product distribution was also investigated. The catalytic activities of the prepared catalysts were compared with the commercialized H-ZSM-5 which was converted from NH_4-ZSM-5. In the propylene aromatization, product distribution does not depend on the ratio of Si/Ga_2 with [Ga]-MFI catalyst, but depend on the ratio of Si/Al_2 with H-ZSM-5 catalyst. [Ga]-MFI catalyst shows better dehydrogenation and alkylation activities than H-ZSM-5 catalyst. The addition of Ga to H-ZSM-5 catalyst increases the conversion of propylene, selectivity to aromatics, and alkylation. In the propylene aromatization, the selectivity to aromatics slightly increased with increasing temperature with [Ga]-MFI catalyst, while slightly decreased with increasing temperature with H-ZSM-5 catalyst.