운동거리이상의 정량적 평가

이경무,김재욱,이태수,김헌,황준,이주연 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.2

교수 집단의 체력 및 운동능력 평가에 영향을 미치는 요인

노형철,정명수,장우인 조선대학교 교육연구소 1996 교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.-

Using the college professorate, which occupies a higher stratum of society, the following statistically analyzed results have been found to be the primary factors influencing self-evaluation of "physical strength" and "exercise capability" which have a great effect on their leisure consciousness and sportsactivity. 1) The chief factors which have an effect on the selfevaluction of "physical strength" of the professorate have been found to have the following ranking; ① the object o sportsactivity. ② marital relations. ③ leisure companion. ④ age. ⑤ blood type. ⑥membership in a sportsclub. ⑦ average monthly income. ⑧ present position. ⑨ major field of study. ⑩ drinking capacity 2) The chief factors which have on effect on the selfevaluation of "exercise capability" of the professorate have been found to have the following ranking; ① leisure companion. ② object of sportsactivity. ③ average monghly income. ④ present position. ⑤ major field of study. ⑥sex. ⑦ sportsactivity place. ⑧ drinking capacity. ⑨ blood type. ⑩ membership in a sportsclub. 3) Consequenty, the chief factors related to sportsactivity occupy a higher position in both "physical strength" and "exercise capability", which shows that the physical strength or the ability to exercise and the healt condition become important factors in sports and leisureactivity.

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

실험계획법을 이용한 대형 사출물의 사출성형 해석과 검증에 관한 연구

이형수,이희관,양균의 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

The large injection molded parts technology such as instrument panel, front and rear bumper are presented for a precision molding. Some lead time and cost are required to product these part from design to mass product. Recently, CAE is widely used in product design, mold design and analysis of molding conditions to reduce time and cost. The optimal molding conditions can be obtained by DOE(Design of Experiment). The optimal design applications with CAE and DOE have been used in small molded parts. However, application to the large molded body is not reported. In this paper, optimization of injection molding process is studied for quality control in mass production of automobile bumper. Mold temperature difference is chosen through robust design of injection molding process, the molding process being optimized in term of shrinkage and deflection. The optimal conditions through DOE are validated by using injection molding analysis

자기공명영상을 이용한 정상 한국인의 반월상 연골 경사각 측정

김형수,이용재,이상협 대한슬관절학회 2003 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적 : 자기공명영상을 이용한 정상 한국인의 반월상 연골 경사각을 측정하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에 내원한 환자 중 자기공명영상을 이용하여 슬관절 검사를 한 환자를 대상으로 십자 인대 파열, 반월상 연골 파열의 외상력 및 기왕병력이 없고, 정상자기공명영상으로 보이는 환자 76명 76예에서 시상면 내측 및 외측 반월상 연골의 전경사각과 관상면 반월상 연골 경사각을 측정하였으며 이를 연령별로 10대에서 50대로 나누어 비교 분석하여 한국인의 정상수치를 알아보았다. 결과 : 시상면에서 계측한 내측 반월상 연골의 전경사각은 평균 4.1±2.1도(1.5-8도)였고, 외측 반월상 연골의 전경사각은 평균 3.6±2.5도(1-10도)로 내측 반월상 연골 전경사각이 외측 반월상 연골 전경사각보다 높아 내측이 외측보다 더욱 경사짐을 알 수 있었다( p>0.5 ). 시상면에서 계측된 내측, 외측 반월상 연골의 전경사각 및 관상면 반월상 연골 경사각은 평균적으로 연령이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었고 서로간의 상관성도 없었다 ( 시상면 내측: p=0.31, 시상면 외측: p=0.82, 관상면: p=0.63 ). 결론 : 반월상 연골 경사각은 슬관절 전치환술, 경골 근위부 절골술, 반월상 연골 이식술등 재건술식에서 골성부의 각도 외에 해부학적 복원을 위하여 고려해야 할 반월상 연골 및 연부조직의 형태학적 요소라 할 수 있다. Purpose: We measured the meniscal slope angles in normal Korean using MRI. Materials & Materials : Knee MRI was taken in 76 adults who complained of knee pain without the history of knee joint disease, trauma such as cruciate ligaments injury or meniscal tear. Slope angles of medical and lateral meniscus in the sagittal plane and coronal plane were measured. We anlayzed the change between the age of 10 years and 50 years to determine the normal range of slope angles of medial and lateral meniscus in the sagittal and coronal plane. Result : The evarage slope angles of medial and lateral meniscus in the sagittal plane were 4.1±2.1 degree (1.5-8 degree) and 3.6±2.5 degree (1-10 degree) respectively. This result shows that anterior slope angle was larger in medial than in lateral meiscus ( p<0.5 ). The average meniscal slope angle in the coronal plane was 1.4±1.1 degree, and there was a inclination of varus direction ( p>0.5 ). Comparison of the results demonstrated that when the mean age of the patients is increased, the measured mean meniscal slope angles in the sagittal plane and coronal plane are reversely diminished. However there were no correlation and statistical significance between the results ( medial sagittal plane: p=0.31, lateral sagittal plane: p=0.82, coronal plane: p=0.63). Conclusion : The meniscal slope angles should be considere as morphological factor of meniscus and soft tissue to perform the reconstructive surgery such as total knee arthroplasty, high tibial osteotomy and meniscal transplantation.

AM 라디오 방송국 송신소 인근 지역의 암 발생률

임형준,하미나,조수헌 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 본 연구에서는 의료보험 청구자료, 인구센서스 자로를 이용하여 방송극 송신소 주변 지역 주민들에서의 전자파 노출과 악성림프종, 백혈병, 뇌암, 유방암 등의 암 발생과의 관련성을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : 출력이 100 Kw 이상인 라디오 방송국 송신소의 반경 2 km 이내에 위치한 10개의 지역을 전자파 노출지역으로 선정하고, 각각의 노출지역에 대해 비슷한 인구규모의 방송국 송신소가 없는 네 개의 대조지역을 선정하였다. 1995년에 시행된 전국민 인구센서스 자료와 1993년 11월부터 1996년 10월 사이의 기간동안 청구된 의료보험자료를 인용하여 연구 대상 지역의 인구 분포와 악성림프종, 백혈병, 뇌암, 유방암의 진단명으로 진료를 받은 사람에 대한 정보를 얻었으며, 이를 이용하여 노출지역과 대조지역의 해당 암의 표준화발생비를 구하여 유의성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 총 10개 지역중 백혈병의 경우 한 지역에서 발생률의 유의한 증가를 그리고 다른 한 지역에서 발생률의 유의한 감소를 보였고, 뇌암의 경우 한 지역에서 발생률의 유의한 증가를 보였으나 그 이외의 지역에서는 일관된 결과를 보이지 않았다. 악성 림프종 및 유방암의 경우 연구 대상지역 모두에서 발생률의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 향후 보다 분석적인 연구 수행을 위한 전단계의 생태학적 연구형태를 취하고 있어 본 연구 결과로서 전자파와 암발생간의 인과관계를 명확히 할 수 없다는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 전자파와 암발생과의 관련성을 연구하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 파악된 노출지역과 대조지역의 연구대상자에 대한 교란변수 및 보다 정교한 전자파 노출 정보등을 파악하여 환자-대조군 연구형태와 같은 분석적인 연구를 수행하는 것이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives : Several studies have raised the possibility that exposure to electrical and/or magnetic fields may be particularly harmful in the promotion or initiation of cancer. The purpose of this study which was based on a geographical correlation design was to investigate any association that may exist between residing near radio broadcast towers and carcinogenic activity in Korea. Methods : In this study, the health effects of EMF of 10 AM radio broadcast towers in Korea were investigated. The electric powers of the towers were above 100kW. We chose exposed areas that were located within 2 km from the towers as well as four control regions which had similar populations in the same province(Do) but had no towers nearby. The incidence of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumor and breast cancer between the exposed areas and the control areas was compared. The standardized incidence ratios(SIRs) were calculated. Korean Medical Insurance data(between Nov, 1, 1993 and Oct, 31, 1996) was used for the cancer incidence estimation. The Nationwide Population Census data(in 1995) and the Resident Register data(in 1995) were used for information about population and locations. Results : Among the 10 exposed areas, one area for leukemia and one area for brain tumor showed a significantly high incidence compared to the control areas. There were no significant increased areas for malignant lymphoma and breast cancer. Conclusions : This study design must be considered to be exploratory and not used for determining causality. However, the results suggest the necessity for further analytical epidemiological studies that have a more precise exposure measurement scale and information on confounding factors.

일부 의료서비스업 VDT작업자의 상지 근골격계 증상의 정도와 관련된 요인

김형렬,원종욱,송재석,김현수,김치년,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 상지 근골격계 질환의 유병율이 높은 집단으로 알려진 VDT작업자를 대상으로 이들의 근골격계 통증을 정량화하고, 정량화된 통증점수를 종속변수로 하여, 이와 관련성을 갖는 작업요인, 사회심리적 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울지역에 위치한 1500병상 규모의 대학병원에 근무하고 단말기 작업을 주로 수행한다고 알려진 부서에 대해 병원내 안전관리과와 협의를 거쳐 163명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 이중 138명이 설문에 참가하였고, 이들을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 설문지를 가지고 연구변수를 측정하여, 나이, 근무연수, 가사노동의 정도 등의 인구학적 변수와 직무스트레스 및 사회적지지, 근골격계 증상, 통증의 양상 등을 조사하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성 및 작업특성, 통증의 양상을 성별에 따라 파악하였고, 통증점수의 타당성을 검정하기 위해, 통증점수의 구성요소와 통증점수를 시각적 상사척도와 상관성 검정을 시행하였다. 통증점수를 종속변수로 하고 직무요구도, 직무재량도, 동료의지지, 상사의지지, 여러작업환경특성, 인구학적 특징 등을 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 첫째 통증의 정량화를 위해 사용한 통증평정지수는 시각적 상사척도와의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타나, 어느 정도의 타당성을 지닌 방법으로 해석할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 통증 점수를 종속변수로 하여, 관련요인 분석한 다중회귀분석에서 직무요구도가 높을수록 통증의 정도가 높고(p<0.01), 여성일수록 남성에 비해 높은 통증점수를 보였다(p<0.01). 결론: 근골격계 질환의 높은 유병율을 보이는 집단의 경우, 이들의 증상 유무만을 가지고 관련요인을 분석하는 방법을 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서 이런 경우, 통증을 정량화하여, 다양한 관련요인을 찾으려는 노력이 필요하며, 본 연구에서 사용한 통증평정지수는 타당성을 지닌 정량화 방법이라고 여겨진다. 또한 본 연구에서는 직무요구도가 높을수록, 여성일수록 높은 통증점수를 보였다. Objectives: This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals. Methods: The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program. Results: First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level. Conclusions: These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.

요통환자에 대한 임상적 고찰 : 한·양방 협진병원 내원 환자를 중심으로

김형태,류규수 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

With 160 lumbago patients (85 inpatients and 75 outpatients) who received both Oriental and Western medical treatment from December, 1994 to April, 1995 at the acupuncture section and rehabilitation section of the H Hurb Hospital which is located in Seoul, a clinical study on the realities of lumbago was carried out. Findings from such a study are as follows: 1. It appeared that regarding the distribution of sex, 80 lumbago patients(50%) were male while the same number of lumbago patients were female, thereby presenting a distributional rate of male and female, 1:1 ; regarding the distribution of age groups, from the age group which consists a large number of lumbago patients, they were the age group of 30s 44 lumbago patients(which is 27.5% of total lumbago patients), age group of 60s or more than that, age group of 50s, and age group of 20s ; regarding the distribution of job, from the group which consists a large number of lumbago patients, they were the group of housewives, group of the unemployed(or the aged), group of clerical workers, group of professional job, etc. 2. It appeared that the causes of the attack of lumbago are unknown etiology 56 lumbago patients(35.0%), heavy lifting 39 patients(24.4%), longtime standing 24 patients(15%), sprain 20 patients(12.5%), and accidents and contusion 11 patients(6.9%) in the order from the most case. 3. Regarding the relapse rate among the subjects, it appeared that 106 lumbago patients(66.2%) had more than relapse, and 54 patients(33.8%) were newpatients; and among the patients having more than relapse, the case of 3rd recurrence outnumbered the case of 2nd recurrence. Regarding the distribution other relapse rate according to age groups, it appeared that the most case was in the group of 60s and more than that with 28 patients(26.2%), then the next case in the group of 30s, then the case in the group of 20s, and then the case in the group of 50s. Regarding the distribution of the relapse rate according to job, it appeared that from the most case, there were 28 lumbago patients of housewives(28.0%), 27 patients(24.7%) of theunemployed(an aged population), and 19 patients(17.8%) of clerical workers. 4. Regarding the distribution of the causes of relapse, it appeared that the most case was due to unknown etiology with 43 patients(40.2%), then the next case due to heavy lifting, then due to longtime standing, then due to sprain, and then due to accidents and contusion. Regarding the distribution of the causes of relapse accoriding to age groups, it appeared that the most case was due to unknown etiology which was seen in all the age groups ; in the age group of 30s, due to heavy lifting, then due to longtime standing, and then due to sprain; and in the age group of 60s and more than that, due to heavy lifting, then due to longtime standing, and then due to contusion. Regarding the causes of relapse according to job, it appeared that the most case was due to unknown etiology or no special cause of attack ; in the group of the unemployed(an aged population), due to heavy lifting, and then due to longtime standing in the order from the most case ; in the group of service workers, due to heavy lifting, and then due to contusion ; and in the group of clerical workers, due to heavy lifting, then due to sprain, and then due to longtime standing in the order from the most case. 5. Regarding the results of the combined treatment of Oriental medicine and Western medicine, it appeared that 86 patients(53.8%) were in a superior state, 45 patients(28.1%) in a good, satisfactory state, 15 patients(9.4%) in the evenly improved state, 8 patients(5.1%) in a lightly improved state, and 6 patients(3.8%) in a poorly improved or inferior state, showing a valid rate of 96.2%. 6. Regarding the required period of medical treatment according to the case history of lumbago, it appeared that the acutest patients(82 patients : 51.3%) required 17.5days, the semi-acute(29 patients ; 18.1%) 20.9 days, the acute(10 patients ; 12.5%) 28.1 days, and the chronic(29 patients; 18.1%) 30.5 days(p=0.0874). Regarding the required period medical treatment according to the degree of the pain, 40 patients(25.2%) having an pain in a degree of an even ache required 18.2 days, 87 patients(54.6%) having a severe pain 22.6 days, 26 patients(16.4%) having a very severe pain 27.9 days, and 7 patients(4.6%) having a light pain 29.4 days(p=0.5857). 7. Regarding the period of medical treatment according to the diagnosed names of lumbago, it appeared that in Western medicine, 57 patients(35.7%) of Accute back pain required 10.1 days, 20 patients(12.4%) of Chronic back pain 24.3% days, 57 patients(37.0%) of HNP 26 days, 19 patients(11.9%) of degenerative spondylosis 26.5 days, 4 patients(2.5%) of Spondyolisthesis 33.3 days, 1 patients(0.6%) of Spinal stenosis 25.5 days(p=0.0108) ; in Oriental medicine, 29 patients(18.2%) of Shensu-zwasum lumbago 31.7% days, 46 patients(28.8%) of Shensu lumbago 25.7 days, 27 patients(16.9%) of Zwasum-yihyul lumbago 20.6 days, 55 patients(34.4%) of Zwasum lumbago 15.5 days, 2 patients(1.3%) of Yihyul lumbago 21 days, and 1 patients(0.6%) of Shi lumbago 2 days(p=0.2762). 8. Regarding the period of medical treatment according to the diagnosed names of lumbago in case of new patients and old patients(or relapsed patients), it appeared that new patients required a period of medical treatment of 18.4 days in general or average for curing lumbago while old patients required a period of 24.1 days in general or average ; this indicates that new patients were cured earlier than old patients. Regarding the period of medical treatment according to the diagnosed names of lumbago, it appeared in Oriental lumbago, when the diagnosed names was Zwasum lumbago and Yihyul lumbago, the required period of medical treatment was short ; in Western medicine, when the diagnosed name was Acute back pain, the required period of medical treatment was short ; in Western medicine, when Shensu lumbago and Shensu lumbago develop into Chronic back pain and HNP, medical treatment of them required more days ; regarding the period of medical treatment in case of new patients and old patients, new patients required a shorter period than old patients ; in particular, in case of Shensu lumbago in Oriental medicine and Chronic back pain in Western medicine, it was understandable that the required period of medical treatment necessitates more days.

서비스직 근로자의 감정 노동과 우울 수준

김수연,장세진,김형렬,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

목적 : 본 연구는 조직의 규범화된 감정표현 규칙을 통해 감정 노동을 수행하는 서비스직 근로자들과 감정노동을 수행하지 않는 근로자들 대상으로 우울 수준의 정도를 비교하고, 감정 노동이 우울 수준과 어떠한 관련성을 보이는가를 파악하고자 하였다. 방법 : 서울의 백화점, 호텔, 외식업체에서 대면접객 서비스를 수행하는 331명의 감정 노동군과 서울의 한 공공기관의 사무직 근로자 90명, 인천의 한 전자제품 조립공장의 생산직 근로자 60명의 총 150명의 비감정 노동군을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 직무 긴장도 및 직업불안정성, 직무만족도, 감정 노동, 우울 수준을 측정하기 위한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 감정 노동군이 비감정 노동군에 비해 직업불안정성과 우울 수준이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 직무만족도와 직무요구도, 직무자율성은 비감정 노동군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 둘째, 감정 노동군에서 우울 수준은 직무요구도, 직업불안정성과 양의 상관관계를 보였고 직무자율성, 직무만족도와는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 감정노동정도는 직무요구도와 우울 수준간에는 양의 상관관계가, 직무자율성 및 직무만족도와는 음의 상관관계가 발견되었다. 셋째, 감정 노동군과 비감정 노동군을 전체 대상자로 하여 분석한 결과, 감정 노동을 하고 직업불안정성의 정도가 클수록, 그리고 직무 만족도가 낮을 수록 우울 수준이 높았다. 넷째, 감정 노동군에서는 직무에 대한 안정성이 낮을수록, 직무만족도가 낮을수록, 그리고 감정 노동 정도가 높을수록 우울 수준이 높았다. 결론 : 감정 노동군이 비감정 노동군과 달리 감정 노동을 수행함으로써 우울 수준이 더 높았으며, 이는 감정의 표현이 개인의 자발성으로부터 표출되는 것이 아닌 외부의 힘에 의해강요된 노동으로 나타나는 경우 그 것 자체가 개인의 우울 정도와 관련이 있다는 의미로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 낮은 직무만족도 역시 우울 수준의 증가와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 감정 노동수행 근로자들의 우울 수준을 감소시키기 위한 전략으로 기업 이윤의 균등 분배, 근로자들의 복지제도 향상, 직무 스트레스 감소 프로그램의 개발 등을 통해 근로자들의 높은 직무 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 제도적 보완장치가 절실히 요청되며, 그 동안 부수적(complementary) 형태의 노동, 혹은 인격과 같은 개인적 차원의 문제로 축소되거나 은폐되어왔던 감정 노동을 하나의 노동과정으로 새롭게 인식하는 문제에 대해 관심을 가져야 할 것이다. Objectives: This sudy was designed to identify the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms among Korean indusrial service employees. Methods: The case group consisted of 331 employees who were performing emotional labor at department stores, hotels, and family restaurants in Seoul. The control group in this study consisted of 150 employees (90 officers in Seoul and 60 manufacturing workers in Incheon) who were not expected to perform emotional labor. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate each participants level of emotional labor, general characteristics, job content, job satisfaction, and any depressive symptoms. The measurements for emotional labor were performed only on the case group and not the control group. Results: While the mean values of job satisfaction, job insecurity, and the level of depressive symptoms of the employees who were working in the area of emotional labor were higher than the others, the mean values of job demand, and job control in the same group were lower than those who were not performing emotional labor. Overall, it was found that performing emotional labor and having high levels of job insecurity were related to increased depressive symptoms, and conversely, job satisfaction played a role in reducing depressive symptoms. Similarly, in the sub-sample of the emotional labor group, high levels of job insecurity, and preforming high degrees of emotional labor, and low job satisfaction were associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest that performing emotional labor is related to an increase in depressive symptoms. In other words, involuntary emotional expression and low job satisfaction in the workplace may influence the level of depressive symptoms in workers. It is, therefore, imperative that further research be undertaken, which considers the importance of emotional labor, and its adverse effect on the mental health of service workers.

신체장애 대학생을 위한 수중운동 프로그램의 특징 : S대학교 수중운동 프로그램 사례 연구

노형규,김의수 한국특수체육학회 2004 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.12 No.4

This qualitative study sought to understand the adapted aquatics exercise program for university students with physical disabilities. The four university students were taught individually by four instructors who had experience about adapted physical activity programs or swimming lectures once a week for a period of seventeen weeks. The features of the aquatics exercise program were captured using the qualitative analysis of journals, field notes, video tapes. The journals included teaching diaries of instructors(male:3, female:1) and learning diaries of students(male:4). hi addition we collected in-depth interview data from the participants. We analyzed the collected data by taxonomic analysis. The data were revealing four themes about the feature: 'coexistence of uneasy and hope of the participants', 'continuous adjusted teaching and learning', 'situations of adaptation and non-adaptation', and 'occurrence of new desires'.