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The Morphology of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles – a review
Hyosub Kil 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1
Plasma bubbles that occur in the equatorial F-region make up one of the most distinguishing phenomena in the ionosphere. Bubbles represent plasma depletions with respect to the background ionosphere, and are the major source of electron density irregularities in the equatorial F-region. Such bubbles are seen as plasma depletion holes (in situ satellite observations), vertical plumes (radar observations), and emission-depletion bands elongated in the north-south direction (optical observations). However, no technique can observe the whole three-dimensional structure of a bubble. Various aspects of bubbles identified using different techniques indicate that a bubble has a “shell” structure. This paper reviews the development of the concepts of “bubble” and “shell” in this context.
Synthesis of graphene ribbons using selective chemical vapor deposition
An, Hyosub,Lee, Wan-Gyu,Jung, Jongwan Elsevier 2012 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.12 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A new method for implementing graphene ribbons using selective graphene growth on metal-sidewall by chemical vapor deposition has been proposed. In this method, Ni catalyst is pre-patterned before chemical vapor deposition, and graphene film is selectively grown on the sidewall of the nickel for graphene ribbons. The graphene ribbons were confirmed by TEM image and Raman spectroscopy, and the fabricated graphene ribbon transistors showed well gate-modulated output characteristics. We believe this sidewall-graphene could be useful for applications such as graphene sensors which require high surface area of graphene.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► We propose a new method for implementing graphene ribbons. ► The method uses selective graphene growth on the sidewall of catalyst. ► The graphene ribbons were confirmed by TEM and Raman spectroscopy. ► Finally, the fabricated graphene transistors showed good gate-modulated output characteristics.</P>
Chu, Hyosub,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Kim, Wook‐,Jin,Chung, Dong Min,Jeon, Hyo Kon,Ahn, Young Ock,Kim, Sun Ha,Lee, Haeng‐,Soon,Kwak, Sang‐,Soo,Kim, Cha Young Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 Physiologia Plantarum Vol.148 No.2
<P>R2R3‐type MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in transcriptional regulation of anthocyanins. The R2R3‐type IbMYB1 is known to be a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the storage roots of sweetpotato. We previously showed that transient expression of <I>IbMYB1a</I> led to anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco leaves. In this article, we generated transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants expressing the <I>IbMYB1a</I> gene under the control of <I>CaMV 35S</I> promoter, and the sweetpotato <I>SPO</I> and <I>SWPA2</I> promoters. Overexpression of <I>IbMYBa</I> in transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> produced strong anthocyanin pigmentation in seedlings and generated a deep purple color in leaves, stems and seeds. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that <I>IbMYB1a</I> expression induced upregulation of several structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, including <I>4CL</I>, <I>CHI</I>, <I>F3′H</I>, <I>DFR</I>, <I>AGT</I>, <I>AAT</I> and <I>GST</I>. Furthermore, overexpression of <I>IbMYB1a</I> led to enhanced expression of the <I>AtTT8</I> (<I>bHLH</I>) and <I>PAP1</I>/<I>AtMYB75</I> genes. high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that <I>IbMYB1a</I> expression led to the production of cyanidin as a major core molecule of anthocyanidins in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, as occurs in the purple leaves of sweetpotato (cv. Sinzami). This result shows that the IbMYB1a TF is sufficient to induce anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings, leaves, stems and seeds of <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants.</P>