공동주택의 범죄발생 실태 및 범죄불안감에 관한 연구 : 부산진구 사례 중심으로 The Case Studies of Busan Jin-Gu

최열,김효숙,임하경 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 2003 都市硏究報 Vol.15 No.-

Security of residential environment is a basic desire as well as a necessary condition to make happy home. Specially a security from the crime is an important matter at the large scale and high density dwelling complex in the industrialized city. The concept of defensible space is the living environment for crime prevention and reduction in fear of crime, based on recognition that crime occurrences have influenced on the quality of residential environment. Recently Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED) is used a variety fields including housing, commerce, education and recreation facilities. So it became important factors to construct a good city. It means that possibility of a CPTED's application is very diverse. This study intended to understand the place where produces crime and affects the uneasiness and to propose the design's guideline of defensible space to residential site. Therefore this paper analyzed the differences of the case among the apartments, the mixed-use residential buildings, the multiplex houses.

Fosfomycin의 항균효과 및 capillary electrophoresis에 의한 측정법에 관한 연구

윤효인,박승춘,이규승,권진욱,조준형,신광순,김무열,허강준,조명행 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

Fosfomycin, a low molecular antibiotic, is to be easily synthesized, therefore to be possibly used in veterinary sectors due to econimic reasons. In this study, we determined the antibacterial activities of fosfomycin against some domestic animal-origin pathogens, and its combined effects with some important antibacterials available. We also compared detection methods of fosfomycin from various measuring instruments. The results obtained through this experiment were as follows: 1. Antibacterial activities of fosfomycin against the pathogens used in this experiment were appeared fairly low. We found the antobacterial activities depanded on the kinds of media and the addition of some material thereins, which suggests the importance of appropriate medium so as to judge the antibacterial activity of fosfomycin. 2. Fosfomycin showed varying antibacterial effects in combination with other antibacterials, which should be taken into consideration when combining other antobacterials especially in the clinical settings. Of the combined antivacterials, fosfomycin had synergistic effects in combination with amoxicillin but antagonistic effects with oxytetracyline. 3. Conventional detection methods using HPLC, GC and spectrophotometer were not appropriate to measure fosfomycin. Capillary electrophoresis by the way of the indirect ultraviolet detection method was good enough to detect fosfomycin in the range of expected concentration in tissues, with the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.25 ㎍/㎖. We recommend the eletrophoresis method could be used to detect fosfomycin, thereby being able to set the optimal dosage for animals and providing the measures in relation with the residual concentration in the meat.

위 유문동 평활근세포의 Caffeine 활성화 전류에 미치는 Ascorbate의 효과

이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.4

In order to observe the effects of ascorbate on the background current in pyloric circular smooth muscle cells, caffeine of which action was fairly clarified, was used to induce the current systems. To block all of the known currents, various blocking agents were added in the external bathing solution. A part of pyloric circular muscle tissue was excised out, and enzymatic isolation technique was used to obtain Ca^2+ -tolerant single circular muscle cells. The whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. The results were as follows : 1. Ascorbate induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and quite a large increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Caffeine also induced similar results, but the magnitude of outward current was smaller than that of assorbate in the depolarized ranges. 3. These phenomena were disappeared by addition of the anion channel blocker. 4. Replacement of external NaCl with NMG·Cl was rarely affected the effects of ascorbate and and caffeine. But the effects of ascorbate and caffeine were almost abolished when sxternal Cl^- was substituted for aspartate. These results suggested that ascorbate affected chloride current which thought as a component of the background currents in the pyloric circular smooth muscle cells.

위 평활근 세포의 활동전압을 이루는 CI^-전류성분에 관한 연구

방효원,이종찬,이무열,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

Chloride current has been known as a part of backgroud current. Recently, its roles in the maintenance of action potential have much attention. The purposes of the present study are clarifying the chloride current component which might play an important role in generation and maintenance of the action potential in the pyloric circular smooth musele cells. We used the whold cell voltage clamp techniques to assess the current and voltage responses induced by caffeine superfusion. The results were as follow: 1. Caffeine superfusion induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Sodium ion removal from the external medium and the addition of cadmium ion rarely affected these current response. 3. Duration of the action potential was elongated by application of the caffeine and modified by the change of the intracellular chloride ion concentraion. 4. The effect of caffeine superfusion on the action potential disappeared by the addition of the anion channel blocker. The results suggest that caffeine superfusion may prolong the duration of repolarized phase of the action potential probably by the chloride current activation in the gastric antral smooth muscle.

Cd_1-xMn_xTe 단결정의 광학적 특성

박효열,진광수,유병길,주정진,김중환 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.1

Cd_1-xMn_xTe single crystals were grown by vertical Bridgman method and Mn mole fraction x was determined by the X-ray diffraction. Band gap and optical transition energies E₁, E₁+ △₁, E₂, △₁as Mn mole fraction x were obtained by measuring optical absorption and reflection at UV-visible region respectively. The change of the valence band spin-orbit splitting △₁at △ point of the Brillouin zone was discussed.

돼지에서 정맥, 근육 그리고 경구 투여시의 enrofloxacin의 약물동태학

윤효인,김무열,박승춘,조준형,박병권,이내경,노상석,장범수,신광순,조명행 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

In order to characterize pharmacokinetic profiles according to route of a new enrofloxacin salt form (Enrotil®), it was given to 4 healthy pigs via oral (p.o.), intramuscular (i.m.) or intravenous (i.v.) administrations at a dose rate of 5 ㎎/㎏ body weight. Enrofloxacin (ENFX) in serum was detected by bioassay using E. coli BE1186 as a test organism. The biological elimination half-lives (t_1/2(β)) of ENFX were 6.76±0.99 h (i.v.), 7.16±2.30 h (i.m.) and 11.45±3.90 h (p.o.), Volume of distribution (Vd) of enrofloxacin was 2.20±0.31 L/㎏ (i.v.), 2.52±0.60 L/㎏ (i.m.) and 1.88±0.33 L/㎏ (i.m.). Mean residence time (MRT) was 8.77±1.26 h after i.v. injection and the maximal concentration time (Tmax) following p.o. and i.m. administration was 0.76±0.09 h and 0.60±0.12 h, indicating a rapid absorption from these routes. Bioavailibility (F) was calculated as 64.1% for p.o. administration and 59.71% for i.m. injections. In summary, the newly formulated enrofloxacin salt form has shown a high water solubility, rapid absorption and large tissue distribution, suggesting a potential antibacterials for oral application on a large scale in veterinary sectors.

부비동단층촬영에서 관찰되는 만성부비동염 병변내 고밀도 병변

정승규,김효열,동헌종 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.2

雨水管路 滿水時 水理學的擧動에 대한 XP-SWMM와 水理模型實驗의 比較 硏究

최한규,백효선,백두열 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B

To use land more efficiently under urbanization trend, Kangwon Province often covers open channels of creeks and uses them as parking lots or roads. A covered open channel section tends to form a rectangular culvert. Therefore, a creek with covered open channels can function as a storm drain. At the time of light rainfall, there are no significant differences except water flowing pattern between a creek with a covered open channel and a creek without it. Recently, however, the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfalls limited at a small, definite area has become problematic. When the heavy rainfall causes the carrying capacity of a creek to be exceeded, the creek with covered open channel has a more serious problem than the creek without it has. Therefore, we made an interpretation of data and conducted hydraulic model experiment to come up with economical solution to this problem.

Ca^(2+)―작동성 Cl^-전류에 미치는 이차 전령들의 효과

송인섭,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

The anion movements across the cell membrane were regarded as apart of passive distribution according to the cation movements. Recently, from the developement of patch clamp technique new concept for anion channels were introduced. And their roles in the genesis of action potential and resting potential were noticed. So we clarified the existence of the chloride channel in the smooth muscle cells and studied its nature in regard to the roles of the second messangers. We used the whold cell voltage clamp technique to study the current responses induced by carbachol application in the circular smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum of the rabbit. The results were as follows; 1. Application of the carbachol induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Even in the cases of blocking all the known currents, these current components were observed. 3. Sodium ion removel from the external medium rarely affected these current responses, and the addition of cadmium ion did not make any remarkable change. 4. Known second messangers such as c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, A1F_4 rarely affected these current components. 5. Lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentration drastically reduced these current responses. Form the above results we can suggest that the carbachol induced current responses contained chloride currents which were activated by only intracellular calcium ion, not by any other second messegers in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.

위 윤상근 세포의 Ca^2+-의존성 K^+-전류에 미치는 Ascorbate의 효과

배정원,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.2

In order to observe the effect of ascorbate on the Ca^2+-activated K^+ current in pyloric circular muscle cells which plays a critical role in generation and maintenance of repolarization and automatism, apart of pyloric circular muscle tissue was excised out, digested in collagenase containing Ca^2+-free physiological solution to get single circular muscle cells and the whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. Following results were obtained : 1. Oscillatory outward current was reduced by ascorbate in case of high intrapipette Ca^2+ concentration in whole voltage range and was enhanced in case of low intrapipette Ca^2+ concentration. 2. Oscillatory outward current was reduced in Ca^2+-free physiological solution with calcium channel blocker and not effected by ascorbate. 3. There were no qualitative differences among the control and ascorbate-treated group in effects of pH, steady state inactivation and the remaining component of the outward current. The above results could be concluded that ascorbate effects calcium-dependent component of the oscillatory outward current in the pyloric circular smooth muscle cells.