Rocuronium 애벌투여시 근이완 발현시간 정도의 관찰

엄효상;김현식;최영균 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Methods: A total of 100 patients with ASA physical status I-II scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. After induction with propofol (1.5mg/kg), one hundred patients were randomly allocated to two groups (Group A: T1 height depression (T1%)≥90%, Group B:T1 height depression (T1%) < 90%). Three minutes after priming with rocuronium (0.06 mg/kg), Group A received 0.54 mg/kg rocuronium, Group B received sensitivity-adjusted dose of rocuronium, respectively. Intubation was performed when T1 height depression (T1%) = 0% (onset time). Neuromuscular function was assessed using Evoked Eletromyography (Datex Relaxo graph NMT. Datex. Helsinki. Finland). Results: Three minutes after priming (0.06 mg/kg), T1 height depression (T1%) in Group B (71.0 ± 8.8%) were significantly lower than Group A (98.4 ± 2.4%) (P < 0.05). The onset times in Group B (195 ± 29s) were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than Group A (248 ± 34 s). Conclusions: Sensitivity-adjusted dose of rocuronium by priming decreased the onset times and total rocuronium dose.

철도 신호 제어 DATABASE 시스템의 압축 기법에 관한 연구

홍효식 철도전문대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The structure, input-output parameters, calling sequences, functions, limited conditions, and error cede list of current used Database system at the railway traffic control system were analyzed. With these analyzed results, this study simulated the anticipated effect using hierarchical compressing technique because of satisfying such conditions that the value of stored data in file was seen the estimated quantity and it was physically and sequentially stored acceding to the value of a key in the field. This study compressed the regarded fills with the value of a key of the station record, followings are concluded as the result. 1. The memory storage space was reduced to about 33% 2. The seeking time was fasten to about 84% 3. The mere frequently accessing and seeking file to compress, the mere effective to execute. 4. The study on the compressing technique for the distributed database system and on the artificial intelligence of the database system for the railway traffic control system will be continued in near future.

總衛營 硏究

崔孝軾 동국대학교 경주대학 1991 東國論集 Vol.10 No.-

Chong Wue Young(總衛營) was the royal guard of a King, established during the 12 year reign of King Hun-Jeong. It was supposed to prevent a blind point in defense of an imperial palace, but it's original purpose was to restrain powerful courtiers and consolidate royal authority. For it's organization and operation, Chong Wue Young is based upon Jang Yong Young(壯勇營) that was once created during the reign of King Jungo-Jo. It consists of the double system of Ne Young Gun(內營軍) and Wui Young Gun(外營軍). The chain of command in Ne Young Gun was Chong Young Sa(總營使)-Jung Gun(中軍)-Joa Wu Sa(左右使)-Joa Wu Jung Cho(左右中哨). Three thousand picked troops were dispatched from Sam Young Moon(三營門) supplied for defense. Otherwise, Wue Young Gun took the system of Sam Jin Young(三鎭營), which are Jun Sa(前司 : 南陽) and Hu Sa(後司 : 長湍). Among them, Jung Sa was organizied to control the region of Im Jin(臨津), Jang San(長山) and Yang Jin(兩鎭). Wue Yougn Gun is about ten thousand one hundred. The military drills in Chong Wue Young were essential. After finishing exercises, they were treated according to their training results. Ne Young Gun in Chong Wue Young usually took precautions, guarding when the King passed from one place to another. Their primary defensive area was the outside of an imperial palace such as Hong Hwa Gate, sung Ji Gate, Kum Ho Gate and Bin Yang Gate. The defense of the outside of the capital city was assigned to Wui Young Gun. The system of Chong Wue Young was firmly developed as the royal guards of King Hun-Jeong, But his sudden death turned it into Chong Wung Chong as with King Chul-Jong's accession to the throne.

토끼에서 enrofloxacin과 enrofloxacin acetate의 比較藥物動態學

윤효인,박승춘,김창식,김민규,최기섭,신광순,박종일,조준형,조명행 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin acetate (ENFXA) and enrofloxacin (ENFX). Two enrofloxacins had wide spectrum antibacterial activities against Gram positive and negative bacteria, and mycoplasma, showing potent antibacterial activities with low MICs (0.05-3.33 ㎍/㎖ for Gram positives, 0.002 ㎍/㎖ for Gram negatives and 0.02 ㎍/㎖ for mycoplasma). In order to investigate the profiles of two formulations of enrofloxacin we studied comparative pharmacokinetics of them in rabbits. Five rabbits were given 5 ㎎/㎏ body weight of each enrofloxacin formulation intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) in a cross-over study. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both formulations were calculated by the use of PCNONLIN, a computer program. Their bioavailibility in rabbits, the means of the area under the curve (AUC). After oral administration of each formulation in rabbits, the mean elimination half-lives (t_1/2,ke) were 3.25h (ENFX) and 4.32 h (ENFXA), and mean AUC 4.27 ㎍·h/㎖ (ENFX) and 6.21 ㎍·h/㎖ (ENFXA). Both enrofloxacin formulations seemed to have good tissue distribution and penetration as indicated by large volume of distribution: 4.76 1/㎏ for ENFX and 7.23 1/㎏ for ENFXA. With the results obtained in this study, ENFXA could be used in place of ENFX in rabbits.

壬亂 의병 都大將 金沔 연구

최효식 이화사학연구소 2003 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.30

This research is to study on the Civic-troop(義兵) of Kyongsang right-region(慶尙右道), Chosun(朝鮮) within Limgin-Yoeran(壬辰倭亂, Yoe's invasion of Chosun 1592~1598) period. The main issues are discussion on the Kim, Myeon(金沔) who the captain of the Civic-troop, on the activities of the Civic-troop, Kyongsang region which have influence on Korean history.

경주마에서 Naproxen 및 대사산물의 검출

윤효인,박승춘,이관복,김창식 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

Naproxen(NPX) was administrered to a throrougbred mare in a single oral does. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 1 hour to 144 hours after administration, at varying intervals. The alkali hydrolysis was used for the seperation of glucuronide from the conjugated naproxen and its metabolite in urine. Naproxen and its metabolite desmethylnaproxen (DesNPX) were extracted at pH 4.0 with DCM/ETHETR/HEXAN(1/1/1, v/v/v) and quantitated by HPLC with diode-array-detector. The wavelength of ultraviolet was 235, 254 and 264 nm. The qulification of NPX and DesNPX was performed by gas-chromatograph-mass spectrometry using DB-1 column. Silylation (BSTFA including 1% TMCS) before the analysis of the extracted residue with GC/MSD was carried out for the detection of this drug and its metabolite. The characteristic ions (m/e) of trimethyl Silyated NPX and DesNPX were 73, 185, 302 and 73, 243, 360, respectively.

분광광도계를 이용한 커피와 인공타액에서의 수복용 복합레진의 변색에

이정식,조효선,엄승희 大韓齒科保存學會 1996 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.21 No.2

이동 궤도의 도시형 철도에서 최적 제어 운전시스템에 관한 연구

홍효식 철도전문대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This paper is implemented a control algorithm in order to be stable and minimized to entire train traffic system at delayed case. And this paper is calculated the minimum nominal headway to moving block system , in order to operate efficiently over the safety. Moving block signaling are described with algebraic equations given for train headway, Discrete-event simulation principles are reviewed and a demonstration block signaling model using the technique is implemented. The simulator is used to investigate the shortest headway for an Seoul-Suwon metro line having moving block system. Train congestion at station entrance for short headway operation is demonstrated and the propagation of delays along a platform of trains from any imposed delay to the leading train is also shown. A rail way signaling system is by nature a distributed operation with event triggered at discrete intervals. Although the train kinematic variables of position, velocity, and acceleration are continually changing, the changes are triggered when the trains pass over section boundaries and arrive at signals and route switches. Metro networks are operated either open-loop line or closed-loop line. A given number of trains operated on a open circuit or a closed circuit with the consequence time delays are calculated from that circuit. This paper deals with linear-modeling, stability and optimal control for the traffic on such metro line of the model is reconstructed in order to adapt the both circuits. This paper propose optimal control laws with state feedback ensuring the stability of the modeled system for both circuits. Simulation results show the benefit to be expected from an efficient traffic control. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. In this paper we develop a linear model describing the traffic for both loop lines, state space equations have been analyzed. It is adapted to the situation where a complete nominal time schedule is available and we show the unstability of the traffic when the proceeding train is delayed. 2. On the basis of these state spaces equations, this paper derive optimal control laws with following properties, - They are easily implemented at law cost on existing lines. - They ensure the exponetial stability of both-loop system. 3. Minimum head way in the Seoul-Sewon metro line is calculated by discrete event simulation, the head way is 34 seconds at moving block system. 4. These control laws have been tested on a traffic simulation software taking into the non-linearities and the physical constraints on a metro line. By means of simulation, the efficiency of the proposed optimal control laws are shown.

노후된 잔교식의 항만구조물의 신뢰성에 기초한 안전성 및 내하력평가

조효남,김성훈,노홍식,임종권,이우근 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1995 공학기술논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study is intended to propose a reliability based approach to safety assessment and berth-capacity rating of aged wharf structures based on measured data acquired from an extensive dynamic field load testing against berth impact of real ships. The study comprises the essential part of a project for assessing actual berth-capacity of deteriorated and damaged dolphin structures at the Onsan oil refinery wharf currently operated for the berth of oil refinery ships of 20,000 DWT.

인터넷쇼핑몰의 지각요인 특성이 고객만족과 고객신뢰에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

양효식 東亞大學校 經營問題硏究所 2002 經營論叢 Vol.23 No.-