장대형 사각공간에서의 가열원이 난류 자연대류에 미친는 영향

정한식,정효민 慶尙大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

The heat sources effect on turbulent natural convection in large longitudinal rectangular space has been investigated using a finite volume method. The results of the isotherms and velocity vectors have been represented for various heating capacities at the 8 heat sources. At upper position in the space, the temperature and velocity are represented higher value. The mean temperature of the space can be expressed as function with the heating capacity.

동방결절의 부위별 전기적 특성에 관한 연구

김봉식,조성일,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1986 中央醫大誌 Vol.11 No.1

In order to investigate the regional eiectrophysiological characteristics of the rabbit SA node, the node was tied with fine silk threads into small preparations(0.5XO.5mm in size) and electrotonic connection between them was insulated. The preparations were divided into three groups, as peripheral, transitional and central areas. Three glass microelectrodes were inserted into the cells in each area and the data were collected when transmembrane potentials of each area was recorded simultaneously. 1. As the Na^+ concentration of the solution was reduced to 80, 60, and 40% of control, the beating frequency, the maximum diastolic potential(MDP), overshoot and the maximum upstroke velocity(Vmax) were decreased. The decrease of the beating frequency was more marked in the central area, and the spontaneous beating was arrested by the reduction of Na^+ concentration more than 60%. 2. In the peripheral area, MDP was decreased as the 2mM K^+ concentration reduced to 1 mM. At high K^+ concentration(12mM), the spontaneous beating of the central area was stopped in the 50% of preparations. 3. The decrease of the spontaenous beating frequency, due to Ach(Acetylcholine) was more prominent in the central area. The increase of the MDP was marked in the central area, however, the decrease of overshoot was distinct in the peripheral area. 4. The peripheral area was the most sensitive to TTX(Tetrodotoxin). The effects of epinephrine which changed the parameters of the action potential were more marked in the central area, but the effects were more marked in the peripheral area when the preparations were pre-treated with TTX. 5. The amplitude of the Na^+-K^+ pump activity of the peripheral area was larger and decreased in the transitional and the central area in sequence. The electrophysiological characteristics of the SA nodal cells have shown various differences by the locations. Especially, the central area which considered as the leading pacemaker are generally more sensitive to the various interventions.

摠戎廳 硏究

崔孝軾 동국대학교 경주대학 1985 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The Chong Yu­ng Chung(摠戎廳) was a central army which defended the outer walls and places of Seoul after reorganization of the army of Kyung Ki Do. It was located in the strategic zone near Seoul, and organized along the lines of the twelve Tan Young(團營) of the Myung Dynasty(明) in July, two years King 'Incho to the throne. It was organized to protest against invasion from the chung dynasty(淸) in China. The Yi Gwal rebellion caused speeding up of the establishment of the Chong Yung-Chung with five camps or Young(營), located respectively in Suwon, Kwangju, Yangju, Changdan and Namyang, but chong Yu­ng chung was then relocated around Seoul to Keep a watch on the capital because of the Yu tak Incident. When the Chong Yu­ng chung was first established, the head-quarters was moved from Bok & Young(北二營), Sa Jik Dong to Sam Chung Dong and then to Tang Chun Dae(蕩春臺), and put under the command of Buk Han San Sung(北漢山城) for twenty-three years under King Yungcho. The Chong Yu­ng army was made of a dual system, a central army and a local army. the central army consisted of two Bu(部), and six Sa(司), totaling 26 Cho(哨), and served for three months in the winter season. The local army term of service was increased or decreased in accordance with the system of three Young Jae(營制). The solders of the two armies came from the towns in Kyung Ki Do. The armies were composed of the solders from towns in Kyung Ki do and Jiksan and Asan in Choong Chung Do. the local army system was changed from a five Yong Jae into a three Young Jae system, but as a result of trouble with the Su Aw Jung office(守禦廳) and the Chin Mu Young office(鎭撫營), it was changed back to five Young jae. The members of the Chong Yu­ng army were not always fixed but were composed of about 15,000 to 20,000 peasants (Pyung Min 平民) and men belonging to Yang Ban(兩班) Chun Min(賤民). There were six times more Chun Min than Pyung Min. The Pyung Min served during their spare time in the spring and the fall. Every year the offices of the Chong Yu­ng Chung(摠戎使) participated in Sum Yuk training(巡歷). The training with the main army, Choong Cun(中軍), which consisted of military camping methods, marching, nightduty, use of guns, and the weapons of main camp(主營). If many people died in a famine or envoys from the Myung Dynasty came and went, then regular training was discontinued. The officers of Choong Gun were sent to the army when regular training was toped, and they commanded the regular army. But as a matter of fact the army was disbanded for a period of six or ten years. It was usually by permission of the King. The main duties were watching the important strategic zone which the local army did, and guarding the palanquin of the King outside the palace. The funds for the Chong Yu­ng chung came mainly from the income from land taxes. Land was divided into taxable land and non-taxable land, and also into farms managed by Ju Young (the main army camp 主營) and farms which were rented out. The land tax was received by army officers called Cho Gwan(哨官) and Kun Gwan(軍官) and dispatched by the authorites to the army. Because the men usually did not wish to serve, the quality of the soldiers varied according to the season and the place. When the law called Kyun Yuk was enforced, the quality of the soldiers throughout the country was equalized. The rice tax collected from the Pyung Min was six Do(斗), and from the Chun Min was three Do. Because the number of soldiers who trained with the Chong Yung officer corps were many, the expenditure of money was very great, but the quality of the soldiers was still poor. Training was very strenuous and many draftees escaped. The governor of each district (Su Ryung 守令) supplied men to replace the soldiers who escaped. When the Kyun Yuk law was not enforced there were many tax abuses. The in Ching tax(麟徵) and the Jok Ching tax(族徵) were collected illegally by corrupt tax officials. During the Mongolian invasion (Byung Ja Ho Ran 丙子胡亂) and Yu Tak Incident, the Chong Yu­ng Chung played an important role in defending Seoul.

口腔領域에 發生한 腫瘍에 關한 臨床的 觀察

姜孝植 醫藥係社 1954 綜合 醫學 Vol.11 No.12

물고추냉이 뿌리-조직 바이오센서에 의한 과산화수소의 정량에 관한 연구

박양희, 권효식 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 과학교육연구논총 Vol.26 No.2

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해바라기 뿌리-조직 바이오센서에 의한 과산화수소의 정량에 관한 연구

박현영, 권효식 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 과학교육연구논총 Vol.26 No.2

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식물 추출물을 이용한 시판중인 과산화수소수에 들어있는 과산화수소의 정량

이문영, 권효식 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 과학교육연구논총 Vol.26 No.2

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마이크로 압전 엑츄에이터용 Sol-Gel PZT 박막의 두께 변화에 따른 특성

장연태,박준식,김대식,박효덕,최승철 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

Pb가 10% 과잉되고 Zr : Ti = 52 : 48 조성을 갖는 PZT sol이Pt(3500A˚)/Ti(400A˚)/SiO2(3000A˚)/Si(525㎛)기판 위에 스핀 코팅법으로 반복 코팅된 후, 450℃에서 10분, 650℃에서 2분간 반복 열처리되었다.이와 같이 다양한 두께로 적층된 박막은 각 시편에 대해 최종적으로 650℃ 30분 동안 어닐링 처리되었다.제조된 PZT 박막의 두께는 4100A*에서 1.75㎛사이의 4종이었다.이어서 스퍼터링법으로 Pt전극이 PZT 막 위에 증착되었다.제조된 PZT 박막의 결정 구조 조사를 위해 XRD, 그리고 미세 구조 및 전기적 특성을 알아보기 위해 FESEM과 P-E 이력 곡선이 각각 관찰되었다.4100A˚에서 1.75㎛까지 두께 중가에 따른 장비상의 포화 이력 한계로 잔류 분극(Pr)값이 25A˚u C/㎠에서 다소 감소되었다.측정된 X선 회절 결과에서 최초 4회 코팅시 perovskite 결정 구조로 성장한 결정립은 (111)배향이 우세하였으나, 두께가 증가됨에 따라 (111)/(110)값이 감소되었으며, 이를 통해 두께 증가에 따른 (111)배향성이 다소 감소됨을 알 수 있었다.이상의 결과로부터 제조된 PZT 박막은 큰 힘과 높은 내전압 특성을 갖는 마이크로 압전 액츄에이터에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

한국인에서 혈소판 당단백 Ⅲa 유전자 다형성과 급성 관동맥 증후군의 관계

김광일,채인호,김효수,손대원,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

상피성 치성 종양에 있어 증식성 핵항원(PCNA)과 상피성장인자(EGF) 및 수용체(EGF-r)에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

김창우,임창윤,강효식 인제대학교 1993 仁濟醫學 Vol.14 No.1

치성상피성 종양에서의 PCNA, EGF, EGF-r의 분포 및 종양의 활성도에 관한 연구를 면역조직화학적 염색 방법으로 시행하였다. The purposes of this study were to assess proliferative activities and immunolocalization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), epithelial growth factor(EGF) and its receptor(EGF-r) in odotogenic tumors. 27 cases of ameloblastoma, 4 cases of AOT(adenomatoid odontogenic tumor), 5 cases of BEGOT(benign epithelial odontogenic ghost cell tumor) and 2 cases of PIOC(primary intraosseous odntogenic tumor) were retrived from the Department of Oral Pathology, College of Denistry, Seoul National University. The control was tooth follicle They were processed for Labelled Streptavidin Biotin methods. The primary antibodies used in this study were antibodies to PCNA, EGF and EGF-r. Following results were obtained. 1.In control group, inner enalmel epithelium, stellate and dental follicle showed positive reaction for PCNA. 2.In ameloblastoma, the peripheral cell of small follicle, casa cell of unisystic type and adjacent cell of granular cell showed strong positive reaction for PCNA. 3.In AOT, duct-like cells showed positive reaction for PCNA 4.In AIOC and BEGOT the penpheral cell of tumor cluster showed strong positive reaction for PCNA. 5.Ameloblastoma and AOT revealed negative reaction for EGF, EGF-r 6.Positive reaction of BEGOT and PIOC for EGF and EGF-r explained their malignancy potential.