CXTFIT기법을 이용한 오염토양의 중금속 이동특성에 관한 연구

오광중,김효진,박창웅,오방일 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2002 環境硏究報 Vol.20 No.-

The sorption and transport characteristics of Cd and Pb is founded by changing of soil concentration and velocity of injected Cd and Pb solution. The results of batch-type experiment indicated that sorption capacity of Pb was stronger than sorption capacity of Cd. Batch-type experiment indicated that the results of Cd and Pb adsorption experiment fitted in the Freundlich isotherm equation well and were highly nonlinear. Results from column experiment showed the retention of the transport of heavy metals at low concentration, low velocity and high pH in soil of different characteristics. The BTCs of the heavy metals were analysed by using a two-site model, and transport parameters were derived by using the CXTFIT curve-fitting program. The model results indicated that the partitoning coefficient(β), forward rate coefficient(Ks) and backward rate coefficient(kd) were in proportion to the concentration, velocity and pH.

주형을 이용한 실리카 나노구조체 합성

김효중,곽중협,서태수,서동수 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.3

나노미터 직경을 갖는 침상형의 주형(hydroxyapatite)을 이용한 새로운 접근 방법으로 실리카 나노구조체를 졸-겔법을 근간으로 합성하였다. 본 합성법은 나노전구체(실리카 피복 주형) 제조, 나노전구체 소성 및 주형제거 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 나노전구체에 대한 주사 전자현미경(SEM), 투과 전자현미경(TEM), X-선 회절 분석(XRD) 및 광전자 분광 분석(XPS) 결과를 통해 주형 표면에 실리카가 피복되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 고분해능 XPS 분석에 의해 관찰되는 넓고 비대칭적인 O 1s 스펙트럼의 curve-fitting을 검토한 결과 나노전구체 표면에 여러 종류의 산소가 존재함을 보였다. 또한, 에너지 분산 X-선 분석(EDS)을 통해 나노구조체는 실리콘과 산소로 조성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실리카 나노구조체 직경은 대부분 50-200㎚ 정도로 주형의 직경과 동일한 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 나노구조체의 새로운 합성방법으로써 적용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. A novel technique for the synthesis of silica nanostructures with needle-like template, hydroxyapatite, having nanometer diameter was investigated in this study. The synthetic method consisted of the following main steps: the preparation of nanoprecursor(silica-coated templates), the calcination of nanoprecursor and the removal of templates. The analysis results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS) for nanoprecursor revealed that silica particles were deposited onto the surface of templates. Further examinations(curve-fitting processing) of the asymmetrical broadening of O 1s peaks in the XPS spectra indicate the presence of multiple oxygen species on the surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) result confirmed that nanostructures were composed of silicon and oxygen. The diameters of the synthesized nanostructures, mainly in the range of 50-200㎚, correspond to the diameters of the templates. The results confirm that the proposed technique in this study can be utilized as a new method to fabricate the nanostructures.

한국 현대시와 조각·건축물의 상호 조명

김효중 한국비교문학회 2003 比較文學 Vol.30 No.-

Many of the Korean contemporary poems treat architectural constructions and artistic sculptures as poetic object. A few examples of them would be Kwangwhamun, which is the cultural symbol of Chosun dynasty, Bulguksa, Seokgulam, and Dabotab of Silla dynasty. Both poets and the readers of this type of poems, which have those aforementioned objects as poetic theme, dhould have a mutualunderstanding on historical connotation of the objects. Park Chong-wha, Park Hee-jin, Han Ha-wun, Kim Sang-ok, Paek Seok are typical poets who take historical architectures and sculptures as poetic objects. Their poems investigate the desire of human beings for eternity, perfection and ideal humanism. Park Chong-wha's works are full of romantic sentimentalism by using symbols. They are generally based on traditions. His Seokgulamdaebul is also related to the Korean history and tradition. It is unique that he has chosen a sculpture in particular as object for the poem. Park Hee-jin pursues the world of pure feeling as well as that of Buddhism. At the same time he seeks after the buddhist truth in his works. This tendency is shown in his To Kwanseumsang, too. The reflections of his efforts to purify himself are scattered around in his works. Han Ha-wun's Kwanseumbosalsang has it in common with other poets' work in the point that it is based on the writer's own emotional reaction towards the object. However it goes further to express the poets personal agony due physical illness. Kim snag-ok's Dabotab lacks the explanation on the historical meaning of the object and the description its appearance. It probably is due to the form this poem takes, which is called 'si-jo'. Peak Seok's Jjeongjuseong is also based on the tradition but he dosen't seem to care about historical or geographical facts of the objects he is writing about. Generally speaking, the poems, which choose architectures and sculptures as poetic objects are looking at the readers lives from above and presenting the ideal society of solidarity. They are also seeking after the eternity and humanism with free expressions and styles. As revealed in the chosen objects, they have a root in the Korean tradition, reality and sensibility. Therefore they are surely one of the examples that are the essence of the Korean Literature. Besides, through these poems we learn anew our long tradition and reality, the sensibility of our poems we learn anew our long tradition and reality, the sensibility of our own people and competence of creativeness. Without doubt, those poems are unique heritage of Korean literary tradition.

萬海 詩 象徵 技法의 女性性

김효중 대구효성가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소 1999 女性問題硏究 Vol.24 No.-

This article is dealing with essential characteristics of symbols in Man-hae's poems. The one of them is an abstract one which is related to the word 'way' and the other a natural one related to the words 'willow', 'flower' and 'gold'. The author developed her idea about those characteristics especially in reference to the several poems of his own. For intance, 「My way」, 「Stuck on the road」, 「Planted willow」, 「Dream without Slumber」, and 「ln the Shrine for Non-kae as her sweetheart」, which were not dicussed fully enough. And finally the author reaches the conclusion mentioned below. In his poem 「My way」, Man-hae's points of view about life and the universe is clearly manifested. According to his own view, there are only two ways for him to go. One is connected to his beloved one, so called 'nim(님)'. The another stretched to the resolute death. If he couldn't reach the place where his beloved one exists and be rested in peace by him, then he would have no other choices than to take the way of death resolutely, without any hesitation at all. The word 'beloved one' has various meanings according to the readers, but it generally means 'the absolute being', and Man-hae could sacrifice even his own life for it. This means that he tried to find a way to overcome the dreadful situations in those days and also resisted actively against the Japanese pressure while other Korean literary people were just decadent and hopeless. The poem, 「Dream without Slumber」 is based on the Buddhism. It says, "one who pursues worthlessness can realize the truth only after 'crashing' himself against the worthlessness itself". This poem is written in a very plain words, but the reader should appreciate it seriously to figure out the hidden meanings. 「Planted willow」 is rather short than the rest of his works. In this poem, however, Man-hae's active attitude is impressively revealed and his boundless imagination creates a consistent and transcendent realm. In the poem 「In the shrine for Non-kae as her sweetheart」, Man-hae uses the word 'flower' as a general and individual symbol. That 'flower' doesn't wither away but will last forever. 'Gold' is often used as one of the images along with other materials like pearl, diamond and jewel in his poems, for instance, 「Don't leave me」, 「A serene night」, 「life」 and 「In the shrine for Non-kae as her sweetheart」. The image of 'gold' is Man-hae's poectic device, which reveals how noble, immaculate and firm the existence of his beloved one is. And 'the process of self-command' is the unique feature of his poems. Moreover, the feminine persona in his poems performs the efforts towards the self-command in a very mild and gentle way. The literary-historical value of his poems can be defined in a various ways. But according to the author, the fundamental of his poems is the symbolic meaning of 'generality' in his poems which got its shape under the specific period of Korean history when people desperately experienced the absense of God. But accepting the very fact that we, human beings, are always lacking and wanting, Man-hae tried to seek for the truth which is often described as his beloved me. And that makes his poems to be pertinent even nowadays.

한천, Sodium Alginate 및 Carrageenan첨가가 유과(부수게)바탕의 품질에 미치는 영향

김중만,전예정,박효숙,송영애,백승화,김명곤 한국식생활문화학회 2005 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

This study was to evaluate effects of agar, sodium alginate and carrageenan on quality of Yugwa(Busuge) base. In the base preparation agar, sodium alginate and carrageenan were added 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0%(w/w), respectively. Volume, shape, hardness. color(L, a and b value), crude lipid content and sensory evaluation(taste and crispness) of the Yugwa base was measured. Volume of the base was higher than control in case of 0.1~0.5%(w/w) agar, sodium alginate and carrageenan, of which sodium alginate was the highest. Shapes were similar to control. Hardness and crude lipid content was decreased proportional to amount of addition of the three seesweed polysaccharides. the whiteness(L-value) was increased but the yellowness(a-value) and the redness(bvalue) decreased. Taste and crispness were increased in the case of 0.1~1.0%(w/w) of sodium alginate, but agar and carrageenan decreased.

복강경하 대장절제술을 시행 받는 환자에서 라모세트론과 온단세트론외 술 후 오심 및 구토 예방 효과 비교

김효중;어전영;어근무;어정한;엄세훈;조광래;김명훈 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Objectives : We evaluated the efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in laparoscopic colectomy. Methods and Materials : Eighty patients who received laparoscopic colectomy were randomly divided into two groups: R group (ramosetron 0.1mg PO) and O group (ondansetron 4mg twice IV). Injection or oral medication was administered before the induction of anesthesia in each group. Injection was administered at the end of surgery in O group. General anesthesia was induced using propofol and rocuronium, and maintained with sevoflurane, remifentanil and air (FiO2 0.5), We investigated the incidences of PONV in each group by the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting and retching (RINVR) at postoperative 6 and 24 hours. Results : The incidence of PONV was not different between group at each time points after surgery (at postoperative 6 hours: 20% in group R, 17.5% in group 0, at postoperative 24 hours; 12.5% in group R, 7.5% in group 0). There was no difference in the severity of PONV, satisfaction, rescue drug usage. Conclusion : Prophylactic therapy with ramosetron is as effective as conventional prophylactic therapy with ondansetron for preventing PONV in general anesthesia for laparoscopic colectomy.

飮食物쓰레기의 效率的 管理를 위한 物理的 特性 및 處理

권효정,정영헌,김임경,심언봉,오광중 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 環境硏究報 Vol.21 No.-

This study was conducted to manage food wastes in Korea efficiently. We carried out an experiments on food wastes generated from Yeonjae gu, Pusan as a representative boundary according to the measurement of apparent density, generation quantity, physical characteristics, proximate analysis, and elemental analysis as well as drying and carbonizing, and also tested the hazardous materials in fertilizer and compost from public and private recycling center in operation. The purposes of this study are to investigate current status of food wastes recycling methods and facilities, to examine the fuelization of food wastes, and to suggest the cost effective food wastes treatment plans. Based on the results of the analysis of apparent density and water content in food wastes, it was revealed that the apparent density of food wastes was in inverse proportion to the water content. The water content of food wastes was highly influenced by the fruit and vegetables such as watermelons. These results indicate that the food wastes with about 75 ~80wt% initial moisture content should be reduced under 70wt% moisture content by drying process pier to throwing away. Comparing the heating values of the food wastes which were calculated by Dulong's equation and Steuer's equation it was revealed that Steuer's equation(HHV 5,186 kcal/kg, LHV 880 kcal/kg) was more compatible than Dulong's equation(HHV 4,676 kcal/kg, LHV 330 kcal/kg) because the results of proximate analysis for the food wastes were very similar to those of sewage sludges. Additionally, to reduce water contents of food wastes under 60wt% as acceptable water contents for fuelization, it was also found that blending with 25wt% chars made from food wastes was more efficient than the drying of food wastes itself at 105°C, 45minutes in view of completion time. Furthermore, these chars generated from food wastes (about LHV 6,608 kcal/kg) comparable to commercial charcoal(LHV 7,134 kcal/kg) generated from oak trees and lower ash contents(under 15wt% of chars) than those.

朴龍喆 詩에 미친 하이네의 影響에 관한 硏究 : With Special Reference to the Borrowing of the Image 이미지의 借用을 주로 하여

朴涍中 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1987 연구논문집 Vol.34 No.1

위 윤상근 세포의 Ca^(2+) - 작동성 K+ - 전류에 관한 연구

김이중,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1990 中央醫大誌 Vol.15 No.4

In order to study the presence and properties of K^++ currents, especially Ca^(2+)-dependent one which was known in other smooth muscle cells but scarcely in mammalian gastric circular muscle cells, the patch clamp experiments with whole cell mode were conducted using single smooth muscle cells after digestion of circular muscle strips of rabbit's pyloric antrum with collagenase. The followings were obtained: 1. Large outward oscillatory' currents were recorded when the internal solution was K-Aspartate. 2. These currents showed dependence on the intra-and extracellular calcium ion, extracellular verapamil and pH. 3. These currents could be blocked completely by intracellular cesium ion and TEA. 4. Recovery process of the current with time was very slow and the inactivation with conditioned potentials was incomplete. Therefore, this current would be the Ca^(2+)-dependent K^+ current in a circular smooth muscle cell of gastric pylorus which should be important in repolarization and excitability in general.

국내 업무용 마아가린의 품질특성에 관한 계절별 변동

심중환,신효선 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1995 산업기술논문집 Vol.6 No.-

This study was conducted to obtain basic information about seasonal changes of fatty acid compositions and physicochemical characteristics in bakery margarines manufactured in spring, summer, fall, and winter for quality improvement of domestic bakery margarines. Correlations among the physicochemical parameters was also investigated. The results showed that melting point(MP) and iodine value(IV) significantly changed according to seasonal changes. However, there was hardly any difference in water and salt contents and saponification values(SV) in same brand by seasonal changes. The major fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, and lauric acid contents were high for some samples. For most of samples, solid fat content(SFC) at 33.3℃ was more than 3.5%, and average SFC and consistency for products manufactured in summer were higher than those in winter. There were no significant seasonal changes in whipping value. The temperature showing the most desirable hardness was about 24.5℃, 30.6℃, 26.5℃, and 23℃ for spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively. The MP and the SFC at 21.1℃ were significantly decreased with increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, and the MP decreased with increasing the IV. These tendencies are more apparent for products with the SV below 200. However, the oil off value was significantly increased with increasing the consistency irrespectively of the SV.