1998년과 2007년 사이 12∼13세 남녀 청소년의 체격, 골격성숙도, 체력 비교

송종국(Jong Kook Song),채서연(Seo Yeon Chae),채주희(Joo Hee Chae),김현배(Hyun Bae Kim),강효정(Hyo Jung Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2008 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.34

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare physique, skeletal maturation and physical fitness in Korean adolescents measured between 1998 and 2007. Subjects participated in the study were a total of 473 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 13 years. In 1998, 349 adolescents were selected from a middle school, located in Sungnam city and 124 middle school students aged 12-13, located in Yongin city were participated in 2007. All measurements were conducted by one of the reseachers (Jong-Kook Song) with two different group of investigators between 1998 and 2007. Anthropometric characteristics were body mass, body height, sitting height, circumferences taken at sites of upper arm, flexed upper arm, chest, waist, hip, thigh, and calf, bone breadth taken at the sites of humerus, and femur, skinfold thicknesses taken at the sites of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and medial calf. Skeletal maturity was assessed by TW3 (Tanner et al., 2001). Maturity scores for Radius-Ulna-Short bones (RUS) and bone age were calculated. Physical fitness parameters included flamingo balance, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump, bent arm hang, 50m shuttle run and multi-stage shuttle run. All data were analyzed by SAS Enterprise 3.0. Means and standard deviations were calculated by descriptive statistics. Independent t-test was applied to compare dependent variables between measurements. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results of the study showed that male adolescents aged 12-13years in 2007 had significantly higher (p<0.0001) femur diameter than adolescents in 1998. Male adolescents in 2007 had higher (p<0.05) chest, waist and calf circumferences than those of adolescents in 1998. Although no difference were found for RUS and bone age in males adolescents between 1998 and 2007 female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed for their skeletal maturity level compared to female adolescents in 1998. For physical fitness parameters male adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed better for flamingo balance (p<0.01), and 50m shuttle run (p<0.05) than those of adolescents in 1998. However, stand long jump and bent arm hang were significantly decreased in male adolescents in 2007. Female adolescents aged 12-13 years in 2007 had significantly higher flamingo balance, but female adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed significantly less for standing long jump (p<0.0001), bent arm hang (p<0.001) and speed (p<0.05) than those of female adolescents in 1998. In conclusions this study suggest that chest circumference for both male and female adolescents in 2007 was significantly higher than those in 1998. Skeletal maturity for female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed compared to female adolescents in 1998. Further study is needed to evaluate consistent various.

전산화 신경인지기능검사(Seoul Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test)를 이용한 해독된 알코올 환자의 신경심리기능

박종익,이현정,고효정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : To demonstrate consistent and significant findings of neurocognitive functioning in detoxified alcoholics have been inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive functions in detoxified alcoholics and the relationship between neuropsychological test scores and alcohol consumption patterns. Methods : Twenty-four alcoholics, aging between 30 and 50 years, at least 4 weeks after the beginning of detoxification and 24 normal controls equated for age and education were exmained on Seoul computerized neurocognitive function tests in order to evaluate neurocognitive functions, which include attention, memory function, executive function, motor performance. Results : Compared to controls, alcoholics were more impaired on both finger tapping test (FTT, right : p<0.05, left : p<0.01), but there were no significant differences between two groups on any measures including attention, memory function, and executive function. Even though there were significantly negative associations between length of drinking history and performances on FTT with both hands (right : r=-0.55, p<0.01 ; left : r=-0.48, p<0.05) in alcohol group, multiple regression analyses showed that age and STAI contributed significantly to the prediction of FTT, ameliorating the dignostic effect. Conclusion : There was no evidence of significant declines in attention, memory, and executive functions in alcoholics compared to normal controls, except impaired motor performance functions which may be related to concurrent anxiety.

신뢰성방법에 기초한 강교량의 잔존피로 수명 및 피로 위험도 평가

조효남,임종권,최현호 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1999 工學技術論文集 Vol.8 No.1

본 논문은 잔존피로수명 및 피로파괴 신뢰성해석 절차의 확립을 위해 피로신뢰성방법에 대한 기존 국내외 관련 연구에 대한 심도 깊은 고찰을 수행하였고 실온적인 평가방법을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Miner 누적손상법칙에 기초한 S-N 피로해석이론 중에서 주로 확률적 S-N 방법과 Ang-Munse's방법에 대한 최근 평가 기술을 집중 고찰하였으며, 이를 실제 성수대교의 붕괴원인 규명에 적용해 봄으로써 그 타당성을 검증하였다. 또한 이를 위해서 성수대교의 붕괴 원인으로 추정되고 있는 핀연결 수직재의 피로응력범위의 보다 정확한 추정을 위하여 shell요소를 사용한 엄밀 국부 FEM해석이 수행되었다. This paper presents practical evaluation methods of the fatigue life and fatigue failure probability for the assessment based on all the available results of various field and labolatory tests. Therefore, both the probabilistic S-N approach and the well known Ang-Munse's fatigue reliability method based on linear damage-accumulation hypothesis, commonly known as Miner's rule, are used and demonstrated in order to verify it's appropriateness. A local FEM analysis using fine meshes shell elements is carried out for the more precise estimation of stress range of the vertical pin-connected hanger whose fatigue fracture triggered the collapse of the bridge.

江陵地方에서 月別 氣象 特異 現象에 關한 硏究

崔孝,蔡鐘德,崔俊 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1996 東海岸硏究 Vol.7 No.1

1911年 1月 1日부터 1993年 12月 31日까지 江陵 地域에서 나타난 氣象 特異 現象이 調査되었다. 日最高氣溫과 日最低氣溫은 1924年 7月 25日 39.40℃ 와 1915年 1月 13日에 -20.20℃였다. 日最低濕度가 1994年 1月 27日 3%와 月最低濕度는 1月에 52%가 나타났다. 瞬間最大風涑이 1983年 4月 27日에 41.6m/s의 매우 强한 突風이 記錄되었고, 日最大風速은 1958年 1月 15日에 36.7m/s을 나타내었다. 春季에는 襄杆之風이라는 强風이 出現하는데 3月과 4月에 35m/s 以上의 크기를 갖는다. 日最大降水量은 1921年 9月 24日에 305.5mm였으나 6月에서 9月까지 많은 量의 降水가 集中的으로 일어났다. 最深新積雪量은 1990年 1月 31日에 69.7cm 였으나, 12月과 2月에도 60.8cm와 67.2cm를 보이므로 12月에서 2月 사이에 높은 數値를 보인다. 降雪은 一般的으로 11月에서 4月까지 이루워지며, 降雪日數가 2月에 月平均 6.3日로 最大로 나타나고 있다. 江陵 地域의 降雪은 때때로 西風系에서 形成되기도 하지만, 주로 北東風 下에서 東海로부터 流入된 濕氣가 많은 空氣가 江陵을 거쳐 西側의 大關嶺으로 强制 上昇되면서 冷却되어 많은 降雪이 招來된다. 相(서리)가 나타나는 日數의 月平均 3月에 4.4日로 12月, 1月, 2月보다 越等히 많다. 그 理由는 夜間에 强風이 높은 傾斜를 갖는 大關嶺을 넘으면서 强한 下降氣流로 바뀌게 되어 上層의 매우 寒冷한 空氣가 地表로 下降하면서 地表 附近의 空氣를 冷却시켜 3月에 서리가 자주 發生하게 된다. 結氷日數는 平均氣溫이 가장 낮은 1月에 27.6日로 가장 높게 나타난다. 雨雹 出現의 月平均은 3月에 0.3日의 最大頻度를 나타내고 있으며, 3月에 江陵 地域에 부는 强한 西風이 大關嶺을 넘어면서 매우 大氣를 不安定하게 하여 上層의 구름 속에서 冷却된 氷晶이 地表로 下降하면서 雨雹을 形成한다. 주로 移流霧와 滑昇霧인 沿岸霧의 出現은 7月에 月平均 最大値가 3.5日이었다.黃沙現象은 中國에서 4月 初에 이루워지며, 江陵에서 月平均 最大頻度는 0.8日이었다. 그러나 近來에는 黃沙의 長距離 輸送에 依해 3日程度 視界의 不良이 發見되었다. 雷電은 6月에서 8月사이 降水量이 많을 때인 7月에 月平均 最大出現이 2.7日이었다. Particular meteorological phenomena observed at Kangnung city for 83 years from January 1, 1911 through December 31, 1993 were investigated. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were in the range of 39.4℃ on July 25, 1942 to -20.2℃ on January 13, 1915, respectively. Daily and monthly minimum relative humidities were 3% on January 27, 1944, and 52% in January. Instantaneous maximum wind speed was recorded with a magnitude of 41.6m/s as gust, on April 27, 1983, and daily maximum one was 36.7m/s on January 15, 1958. Strong winds called Yang-Kan- Chi-Pung appear in spring and had magnitudes over 35m/s in March and April. Although daily maximum rainfall amount was 305.5mm on September 24, 1921, a great amount of rainfall concentrically took a place in the Kangnung area from June through September. Maximum depth of accumulated new snow was 69.7cm on January 31, 1990, but as accumulated ones in December and February were also detected with depth of 60.8cm and 67.2cm, they were in the high magnitudes from December through February. Snowfall generally occurred from November through April and the maximum number of snowfall days was 6.3 as a monthly mean February. The snowfalls occasionally occurred under westerly winds, but mainly, heavy snowfalls were produced by cooling of humid air intruded from the East Sea through Kangnung, forcibly rising over Mt. Taegwallyung in the west, under north-easterly winds. Monthly mean of frostfall days had a maximum magnitude of 4.4 days in March and it was much greater than those in December, January and February. The frequent presence of frost happen to be in March, since the strong winds at night flowed over high steep Taegwallyung mountain and they became strong downslope winds, resulting in the cooling of air near the ground surface by downward motion of very cold air from the upper layer toward the ground. Maximum number of ice formation days showed 27.6 in January, when the monthly averaged minimum air temperature was observed. Monthly mean of hailfall occurrence had a maximum frequency of 0.3 day in March, and similary to the frost, as the strong winds rising over Mt. Taegwallyung induced very unstable condition of air near the mountain, ice crystals in the cloud of upper atmosphere came down to the ground, enhancing the formation of hails. Monthly averaged maximum occurrence of coastal fogs, which were generally advection and upslope fogs, had 3.5 days. As Yellow- sandy event is generated in China in the early April, its monthly averaged maximum frequency at Kangnung was also 0.8 day in April, but recently, about 3 days of bad visibility have been often detected at the city due to its long range transport. Thunder and lightening had monthly mean maximum occurrence of 2.7days in July, when the rainfall amounts showed high values from June through August.

해면효과익의 실험적 연구와 PARWIG선의 설계 및 제작

장종희,전호환,정광효,이 준 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

지면효과(Wing In Ground Effect, WIG)의 개념은 날개가 지면 가까이 비행할 때 유기저항(Induced drag)의 감소와 양력의 증가로 양항비가 증가하는 것이다. 이러한 효과를 이용하여 지면 또는 해면 가까이 항주함으로서 해면효과익선이 같은 속도의 비행기보다 경제성이 좋은 것으로 평가되어지고 있다. 또한 PAR(Power Augmented Ram)현상은 1970년대경 발견된 것으로서 날개 앞에 부착된 프로펠러의 후류를 날개 밑으로 불어넣어 해면효과익선이 저속에서도 이수할 수 있도록 하여 WIG선의 성능을 향상시키는 계기가 되었다. 본 논문은 풍동을 이용하여 지면에서 날개후연까지 높이의 변화, 앙각의 변화 및 날개끝단판(End- plate)의 변화에 따른 날개의 양력, 항력 및 종방향모멘트를 계측하여 분석하고 2.5m급 무선 조종 PARWIG선의 설계개념과 제작과정에 대해서 설명한다. In the early of the 20th century, it was noted that a wing operating in close proximity to the ground exhibits a reduction in induced drag, which increases its lift/drag ratio. For several decades this phenomenon, called the wing-in-ground-effect(WIG), was studied because it complicated the takeoff and landing of aircraft. In the 1970s, the Power Augmented Ram(PAR) phenomenon was discovered, which significantly enhanced the performance of the WIG concept. The main purpose of this study is to design a 2.5m size, remote control PARWIG model aiming to develop an one manned leisure PARWIG craft. The lift and drag force are measured in a wind tunnel for wings with different flying heights, angles of attack and endplates. Based on the experimental results, 2.5m size model craft is designed and constructed.

UHF 대역의 휴대전화 착신기능 제한 시스템의 설계 및 제작

남효덕,김종석,김병철 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.2

As demands grow for restricting use of cellular phones by attendants in the public places such as conference rooms, churches, and playhouses etc., a call blocking system against UHF band cellular signals is developed for other attendants who do not want to be disturbed by the phone rings. The idea of preventing a cellular phone from ringing was developed from the fact that the system radiates interferent signals having 0.1 to 0.05 watts of CW wave, makes it possible to increase the error rates of output signal of PSK modem, and hence makes the cellular phone Impossible to receive the right call signal. The system designed in this study was set up and tested in the several public places and found itself very effective.

알쯔하이머형 치매환자 뇌파의 시공간적 패턴분석 : Karhunen-Loeve 방법을 통한 뇌파분석의 임상적용을 위한 예비연구

고효진,김형래,김대진,김수용,박성종 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 뇌파의 시공간적 패턴분석(spatio-temporal pattern analysis)방법을 이용하여 알쯔하이머형 치매의 진단 특히 초기 치매환자의 진단에 대한 예비연구를 하고자 하였다. 방법: 알쯔하이머형 치매환자 10명과 정상대조군 10명을 대상으로 하여 Karhunen-Loeve 분해법을 이용한 시공간적 패턴분석을 통하여 비교하였다. 결과: 첫째, 세가지 주요패턴 중 가장 많은 빈도를 보인 으뜸패턴에서 알쯔하이머형 치매환자는 좌우측 비대 칭성이 정상대조군에 비해 뚜렷해지는 형태를 보였다. 둘째, 으뜸패턴을 비교하여 뇌의 각 부분에 대한 차이를 보았을 때 알쯔하이머형 치매환자는 대조군에 비해 주로 좌측 두정부와 측두엽 부위에서 고유값의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 으뜸패턴 전개계수의 Fourier amplitued spectrum 분석을 통하여 알쯔하이머형 치매환자 10명중 6명에서 상당히 큰 진폭의 상승부분을 관찰할 수 있었으며 정상대조군에서는 이러한 진폭의 이상소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 알쯔하이머형 치매으 병태생리적 위치가 좌측 측두-두정엽에 있음을 시사하였으며 앞으로 시공간적 패턴분석 방법이 알쯔하이머형 치매환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있도록 추후연구가 필요할 것으로 생각하였다. Objectives: We introduce a novel analysis method of spatio-temporal pattern analysis of EEG. Using it, we presents a results discriminating severe Alzheimer's disease patients from normal subjects. Methods: To the groups of 10 Alzheimer's disease patients and 10 normal aged subjects, we applied the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition method and observed their principal patterns and time-varying dynamics. Results: First, there was a first primaty pattern of the eigenvector in Alzheimer's disease patients that showed opposite polarities at the left and the right hemispheric regions. Second, the Alzheimer's disease patients had significantly different average values of the eigenvector at the left parieto-temporal area than the normal controls did. Third, some Alzheimer's disease patients had one, coherent frequency component in the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the first pattern expansion coefficient. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the pathophysiologic site of Alzheimer's dementia may be left temporo-parietal area in brain and further studies need to evaluate whether the spatio-temoral pattern analysis could be used to diagnose Alzheimer's dementia patients.

정신분열병 환자에서 정형 및 비정형 항정신병약물의 약물경제적인 비교

박종익,김동환,고효정,홍진표 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : We aimed to compare clinical outcomes, work status and total costs of care associated with typical and atypical treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Cost data for services and prescription use were retrieved retrospectively for 40 and 27 patients with Schizophrenia who were initiated on typical or atypical antipsychotics after registration in 1994 and 2000, respectively. Each patient was followed for 3 year after initiation of therapy. Direct and indirect cost were calculated for both groups and analyzed by SAS 8.2 Results : There was not significant difference in clinical outcomes between two groups except the number of admission was higher in typical antipsychotics group (p<0.05). As for direct cost, patients prescribed on atypical antipsychotics have paid almost two-fold more than typical groups. However, the proportion of unemployment was higher in typical group than in atypical group, leading to much loss of productivity. Therefore, considered offset by lower indirect costs, total costs per Patients over the study were 19% higher in typical treatment group than in atypical treatment group. Conclusions : Atypical antipsychotics were estimated to be of advantage over typical antipsychotics, by offsetting the big difference of medication cost between two classes.

소아에 발생한 필지신경교정 1예

호종수,이현개,이승재,박효일 인제대학교 1983 仁濟醫學 Vol.4 No.2

핍지신경교종은 두개강 내 전 종양의 2.2~5.6%를 차지하고 성별의 차이 없이 성인에서 호발하며 주로 전두엽에 흔히 발생한다. 문헌상 20세 이전의 소아에서 발생하는 율은 약 0.9%이며 성인과 비교하여 현저히 낮은 빈도를 보이고 있다. 단순 두개골 X-선 촬영상 40∼60%에서 석회화침착을 보이며 뇌전산화 단층촬영의 도입으로 진단에 많은 발전을 가져왔다. The oligodendroglioma accounts for 2.2~5.6% of all intracranial tumors. It occurs frequently in adult without sexual differences and mainly in frontal lobe. From review of the literature it occurs less frequently in children than in adult, with the percentage of 0.9%. 40∼60% of the oligodendroglioma reveals the calcification density on plain skull X-ray and recently the diagnosis of the tumor has become easier than before by use of CT-scan.

임파세포분화항원 CD5의 C-말단부위의 유전자 클로닝 및 세포내 CD5-특이적 결합단백질의 규명

이희종,김효준 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2002 이학기술연구지 Vol.4 No.-

A Iymphocyte surface marker, CD5 is expressed in pan-T cells and certain B cell sub- populations such as Bla cells which secretes natural autoantibodies and malignant B cells as in chronic Iymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). For the reasons that the cell-type specific expression patterns and that the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) containing cytosolic region of the molecule, CD5 was considered to be involved in a probable cellular signal transductions for the Iymphocyte activations. In order to shed light on the cellular signal transdcutions for the Iymphocyte activation. In order to shed light on the cellular function of the CD5, the gene for cytosolic region of the molecule(cd5_(cyt)) was cloned and the intracellular protein that interacts with CD5 cytosolic region(CD5_(cyt)) was investigated using yeast two hybrid system. Among them a clone, 27-2, harvested 1.2 kb inserts. Partial deoxyribonucleic acids sequences of 120 bp were read out from clone 27-2, preserntly. Amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences revealed that it might be a G-protein like milecule which is unknown from human but showed 61% of homology with the ADP-rebosylation factor l-directed GTPase from C. elegans under the BLAST comparisons. Therefore, it might be suggersted that the CD5 mediated signal transduction may be a G protein-dependent pathway. 임파세포특이 항원인 CD5는 T cell의 경우 모든 sub-population에서 발현되고 있으나 B cell의 경우에는 natural autoantibody를 생산하는 Bla cell population 및 자가면역항체 생성 B cells, B cell Iymphoma 등의 특수한 minor population에서만 발현되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 세포 특이적 발현 양상과 함께 94개의 amino acids로 이루어진 CD5의 cytoplasmic region에는 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)가 존재하여 임파 세포의 세포 내 신호전달에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CD5분자를 매개한 면역담당세포의 신호전달체계를 규명하고 더 나아가 CD5의 세포 내 기능을 분자수준에서 규명하기 위하여 CD5의 cytoplasmic domain에 해당되는 유전자를 분리하였고 이와 CD5와 세포내 상호작용을 이루는 CD5특이적 결합 단백질을 yeast two hybrid system을 이용하여 검색하였다. Selected clone중에서27-2로 명명한 clone의 insert 크기는 1.2 kb였으며, 확인한 유전자서열은 129 염기로 단백질 1차 구조를 유추하여 BLAST로 검색한 결과 C. elegans의 G protein의 하나인 ADP-ribosylation factor 1-directed GTPase와 61%의 homology를 보였으나, human에서는 대응하는 단백질이 보고되지는 않았다. 세포내 CD5-특이적 결합단백질로 GTPase로 예상되는 새로운 단백질을 밝힘으로 CD5의 signal transduction이 G protein-dependent pathway일 가능성을 제시하였다.