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Hyo-Jung Choi,Byung-Koo Ahn,Do-Young Ko,Hyo-Jin Kim,Hyong-Gwon Chon,Ye-Jin Lee,윤석인 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.3
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of top dressing application of Phosphorus (P) fertilizer onthe growth and P absorption rate of red pepper in different cropping systems of the upland. P fertilizer wasapplied with no treatment as control (CON), basal dressing application (BDA), 2 times-split of top dressingapplications (2-TDA) and 3 times-split of top dressing applications (3-TDA). Red peppers were grown for110 days and soil characteristics and crop growth were investigated every 20 days. Dry matter yield of redpepper significantly increased at the 2-TDA and 3-TDA but decreased at the CON and BDA due probably tothe decrease or increase in available P. In particular, at 3-TDA there was an increase in growth and P absorptionrate of red pepper. The fruit dry matter weight of red pepper receiving 3-TDA was 961.7 kg 10a-1, which wassignificantly higher than those receiving CON and BDA in Rainproof cultivation. In case of the Rainproofcultivation, we found out both P fertilization use effect and top dressing applications effect because there waslow available P content of soil used in the experiment in comparison other cultivation type. Therefore, consideringthe dual goal of optimum crop growth and maximum P distribution instead of immobilization with soil, thisstudy suggests that a testing of a site-specific proper application method of P including top dressing applications isprerequisite to achieving optimum agricultural productivity while minimizing nutrition quality misuse.
Hyo-Suk Gwon,Gun-Yeob Kim,Sun-Il Lee,Jong-Sik Lee,Eun-Jung Choi 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.4
Intermittent drainage can reduce methane (CH₄) emission from rice paddy soils, but nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission can increase. We believe that the slow released N fertilizer can mitigate N₂O emissions by reducing N lost to the environment. In this study, we tried to assess the influence of slow N fertilizer on effective greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. We installed three different treatments, urea (U) treatment, controlled release fertilizer (CRF) treatment, and hairy vetch with urea (HV) treatment. The emission rates of CH₄ and N₂O were monitored using the closed chamber method during cropping and fallow season. The grain yield was investigated to calculate yield scaled greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). Compared with U treatment, CH₄ emission was reduced in CRF but increased in HV treatment. In contrast, N₂O emission was increased in CRF but reduced in HV treatment. Grain yield was increased in CRF and HV treatment than U treatment. The GHGI was the lowest in CRF treatment by high grain yield and low GHG emission. In contrast, GHGI was the highest in HV treatment due to increased CH₄ emission. In conclusion, controlled release fertilizer can effectively reduce GHG emission. However, CRF application increased N₂O emissions during the fallow season, and further investigation is needed to determine whether this is due to the effect of fertilizer residues. In addition, due to field experiments that are easy to influenced by the environmental condition, it seems necessary to verify the research results through additional investigations over many years.
Gwon, Hyo Suk,Khan, Muhammad Israr,Alam, Muhammad Ashraful,Das, Suvendu,Kim, Pil Joo Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.353 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Over the past decades, with increasing steel manufacturing, the huge amount of by-products (slags) generated need to be reused in an efficient way not only to reduce landfill slag sites but also for sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. Our preliminary laboratory study revealed that compared to blast furnace slag, electric arc furnace slag and ladle furnace slag, the Linz-Donawitz converter (LD) slag markedly decreased CH<SUB>4</SUB> production rate and increased microbial activity. In the greenhouse experiment, the LD slag amendment (2.0 Mg ha<SUP>−1</SUP>) significantly (<I>p</I> < 0.05) increased grain yield by 10.3–15.2%, reduced CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions by 17.8–24.0%, and decreased inorganic As concentrations in grain by 18.3–19.6%, compared to the unamended control. The increase in yield is attributed to the increased photosynthetic rates and increased availability of nutrients to the rice plant. Whereas, the decrease in CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions could be due to the higher Fe availability in the slag amended soil, which acted as an alternate electron acceptor, thereby, suppressed CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions. The more Fe-plaque formation which could adsorb more As and the competitive inhibition of As uptake with higher availability of Si could be the reason for the decrease in As uptake by rice cultivated with LD slag amendment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Compared to other steel slags, LD-slag suppressed CH<SUB>4</SUB> production in a paddy soil. </LI> <LI> LD-slag amendment mitigated CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions by 17.8–24.0% in submerged paddies. </LI> <LI> LD-slag amendment decreased inorganic As concentrations in rice grain by 18.3–19.6%. </LI> <LI> LD-slag amendment increased grain yield by 10.3–15.2%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Gwon, Hyo Jin,Kang, Na-Ri,Lee, Yunju,Won, Sung Ok,Chang, Hye Jung,Choi, Ji-Won,Kang, Chong-Yun,Kim, Seong Keun,Kwon, Beomjin,Nahm, Sahn,Kim, Ju-Young,Kim, Jin-Sang,Baek, Seung-Hyub American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.19
<P>Controlling crystalline phases in polymorphic materials is critical not only for the fundamental understanding of the physics of phase formation but also for the technological application of forbidden, but potentially useful physical properties of the nominally unstable phases. Here, using tin oxide (SnO2) as a model system, we demonstrate a new way to enhance the mechanical hardness of an oxide by stabilizing a high-pressure dense phase through nitrogen integration in the oxide. Pristine SnO2 has a tetragonal structure at the ambient pressure, and undergoes phase transitions to orthorhombic and cubic phases with increasing pressure. Leveraging the enhanced reactivity of nitrogen in plasma, we are able to synthesize tin oxynitride (SnON) thin films with a cubic phase same as the high-pressure phase of SnO2. Such nitrogen-stabilized cubic SnON films exhibit a mechanical hardness of similar to 23 +/- 4 GPa, significantly higher than even the nitride counterpart (Sn3N4) as the result of the shortened atomic distance of the denser, high-pressure cubic phase. Moreover, SnON has a heavily doped, n-type semiconducting property with a controllable optical bandgap. Our work will provide new opportunities to search for and to utilize beneficial, but hidden physical properties that exist in a particular phase stable only at extreme conditions.</P>