수영장 소비자들의 사회성 수용과 생활만족의 관계

임효택,정명수,김철주,이강욱,유충완 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze effects of aerobic dance training on housewives' life satisfaction. 270 subjects were selected from members at aerobic dance clubs in Kwangju. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed with SAS 6.12 statistics package. The findings of the study were : 1. 65% of the subjects participated in the aerobic dance activities 4~5 days a week while 18.3% of the subjects participated every day. 2. 67.4% of the subjects participated in the aerobic dance activities for 30~50 minutes and monthly mean expenses were 30,000~50,000 won(56.1%). 3. In comparison of the housewives' general characteristics with the motive of participation in the aerobic dance activities, there were no significant differences. 4. According to the subjects's jobs, there were significant differences in the motive of participation. Especially, employees for management and administration had higher motive of participation(3.644). 5. In comparison of life satisfaction with the aerobic dance activities, all parameters(duration, periods, degree and existence of the activities) were related with the life satisfaction. 6. In case of participation for more than 5 years, more life satisfaction was observed.

수돗물 불소화지역과 비불소화 지역의 공직자 및 일반 주민의 수돗물 불소화사업에 대한 인식도 연구

이충섭,성진효,김동기 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

For the purpose of establishing basic data for developing approariate strategies to resolve problems of community water fluoridation decision making, this study was conducted to detect the knowledge and attitudes about community water fluoridation among Koreans. In this survey, the questionnaires were used to personally interview 1,562 citizens in 14 fluoridated areas and 18 non-fluoridated areas and 420 public offcials with postage in 30 fluoridated areas and 40 non-fluoridated areas. This survey areas and persons were collected by multiple stratified systematic and proportional sampling. In this survey, the questionnaires of 1,539 citizens and of 275 public officials were analysed by SAS program. Overall, 44.2 percent of citizens had heard about community water fluoridation, while 99.6 percent of public officials had heard about community water fluoridation. Only 32.9 percent of the respondents of citizens had precise information on the purpose of community water fluoridation, but for public officials, that was 96.0 percent. 54.6 percent of the respondents of citizens who knew about community water fluoridation learned the information from mass media (television and newspater etc.). 53.5 percent of the respondents of citizens hope to implement and to continue commnuity water fluoridation, while 71.6 percent of public officials hoped to implement and to continue water fluoridation. Based on these finding it is recommended that the education and promotion activities should be done on the purpose, the implementation or not and the meaning of community water fluoridation through mass media.

Vanadate가 집토끼의 심근수축력과 활동전압에 미치는 효과

김충수,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.1

Rabbit papillary muscle preparations were used to investigate the effects of vanadate on isometric contractility and variabilities of action potential. To record the myocardial contractility and action potential of rabbit papillary muscles, 3M KCI-filled glass microelectrodes were directly introduced into the muscle cells. The following results were obtained: 1. By increase of concentration of vanadate, myocardial isometric contractility increased but action potential did not change. 2. In case of preparation with the calcium antagonist(Diltiazem) myocardial contractility decreased and the overshoot potential and APD50 also decreased. 3. In case of preparations simultaneously with vanadate and Diltianzem, the effect in case of initial treatment with vanadate was completely reversed ay later treatment with Diltiazem. Above results could be interpreted as that the inflow of calcium ion was increased at the myocardial cell membrane level and then the myocardial contractility was increased by vanadate.

Tuning fork형 micro-cantilever sensor

김충현,안효석 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

An experimental investigation of the basic characteristics of a micro-cantilever sensor was performed by inspecting the amplitude and frequency characteristics using a commercial tuning fork. Application of acetone and ethanol with a volume of 1μl on the tine of a vibrating tuning fork cause immediate response in its amplitude and frequency. It has shown that the tuning fork has ability to recognize a chemical agent with high sensitivity.

Soybean의 Small GTP-binding Protein (sRab7)이 Endocytosis에 결함이 있는 Yeast ypt7 mutant 를 Complements

천충일,양효숙 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.8

포유류의 Rab7에 대한 콩과식물의 homolog(sRab7)에 대한 cDNA가 soybean에서 분리된 바 있다. 이 단백질은 small GTP-binding protein에 특이한 공통 서열 motif(G1-G5)를 갖고 있으며, 세포내 수송신호로 알려진 C-terminal부위를 갖고 있다. sRab7이 정확한 Ypt7p(Rab7)의 homolog인지를 확인하기 위하여, srab7 cDNA가 YEp51의 GAL10 promoter의 downstream에 삽입되었다. 형질전환된 yeast mutant는 mutant와 대조적으로 하나의 큰 vacuole을 갖고 있음이 확인되었다. 이 발견은 sRab7이 yeast Ypt7p(Rab7)과 기능적으로 동일함을 보여준다. A cDNA encoding legume homolog of mammalian Rab7(sRab7) was isolated from soybean. sRab7 has the conserved wequence motifs (G1-G5) which are specific to small GTP-binding protein and C-terminal region known as intracellular targeting signal. In order to confirm that sRab7 is an authentic Ypt7p(Rab7) homolog, the srab7 cDNA was inserted downstream of the GAL10 promoter in YEp51(pHYE51). The transformed mutant showed a single large vacuole in contrast to mutant. Out finding suggests that sRab7 was confirmed to be a functional counterpart of yeast Ypt7p(Rab7).

高麗 文宗代 私學의 설립과 國子監 운영

이중효 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-

During Munjong's reign, many Sahaks(私學) were established by learned nobles. It can be said from the political point of view that those Sahaks were established as a means of restraining the reinforcement of royal authority. In other words, the learned nobles believed that they could consolidate their political bases if they drew Sahak students, with the same political ideas as theirs, into support for themselves. Yet a great number of applicants for Gwageo hoped to learn in Sahaks, and so there was a large decline in the functions of Gukjagam. The King could never overlook this situation, which would, he thought, cause not only the weakening of education of Confucianism supervised by the national academy, Gukjagam but also the strengthening of learned nobles's political influence. Munjong attempted to improve Gukjagam through actions such as its reorganization, testing Gukjagam students with Bongmibub(封彌法; a test method of awarding applicants's marks with their names covered), used in Yebusi, and prescribing a period of education for Gukjagam students. In the end, these efforts of his were directed to control the learned nobles based on Sahaks, but from the fact that an increasing number of Sahaks had been established throughout his reign, it can be predicted that those efforts of his were in vain.

Small GTP-binding Protein, Rab7 Homologs의 Molecular Cloning

양효숙,천충일 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.7

Soybean의 뿌리혹에서 두개의 small GTP-binding protein(sRab1, sRab7)이 질소고정시 유도됨이 밝혀졌고, cDNA가 분리된 바 있다. rab7의 유도되는 정도가 높은 점에 착안해 cDNA library screening을 실시한 결과, 추가로 3개의 sRab7과 유사한 단백질들이 cloning되었다(sRab71, -b, 그리고 -c). 이들은 DNA sequence 상에서 서로 높은 homology를 보이며, srab7 gene과도 높은 homology를 갖는다. 뿐만 아니라, small GTPase가 갖는 conserved sequence motifs(G1 to G5)를 보이고, intracellular targeting signal에 관련된 것으로 알려진 C-terminal region에는 다른 Rab proteins과 매우 다른 amino acid sequences를 갖는다. 반면에 sRab7과 또한 각 homologs간에는 C-terminal region까지도 높은 homology를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 soybean nodules의 발생시, endocytosis에 필요한 small GTP-binding protein이 여러 homology 의 형태로 존재하며, 이들의 세분된 각각의 기능에 대한 연구가 필요함을 보여주고 있다. cDNA's of two small GTP-binding proteins (sRab1, sRab7) were isolated and shown to be induced during nitrogen fixation. Since the rab7 induction was very high, additional screening cDNA library of soybean resulted in isolation of four more sRab7 homolotys (sRab7a, -b and -c). They have high homology to each other at DNA levels, and to srab7, too. They also show the conserved sequence motif (G1 to G5) which are specific to small GTPase. These clones have characteristic C-terminal region known as intracellular targeting signal which are highly homologous to sRab7 although sRab7d shows high homology to Rab7. We conclude that during soybean nodulation small GTP-binding proteins required for endocytosis may exist as many homologs which need to be studied in detail for the function of each homologs.

高麗 墓誌銘에서 보이는 國學 관련 기사 검토

이중효 전남대학교호남문화연구소 1999 호남학 Vol.27 No.-

This article is to show that Jae Yu(齊諭) Jae Jang(齊長), and Sang Sa(上舍) in inscriptions on monuments in the Koryo times are related to the system of Tae Hak(太學) in the Song(宋) dynasty. The reason why Jae Yu and Jae Jang were made in Yuhakjae(儒學齊), one of Chil Jaes(七齊) in Kuk Hak is that the system in the Song was taken to educate Jae Sengs(齊生) systematically and efficiently. What The system of Sam Sa(三舍) was taken and Sang Sa Sengs(上舍生) among Kuk Hak Sengs(國學生) were elected was a step to relate directly Kuk Hak(國學) educations with Gwa Geo, in oder to give a chance of Gwa Geo for Sang Sa Sengs. What Yea Jong(睿宗) took the system of Tae Hak from Song was deeply related to the king's political intention to strengthen Kuk Hak reforms.

교정용 미니스크류 식립 시 스크류의 길이, 직경 및 피질골 두께에 따른 응력 분포에 관한 3차원 유한요소법적 연구

임종원,김왕식,김일규,손충렬,변효인 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 교정치료 시 고정원 보강을 위해 사용되는 교정용 미니스크류의 길이, 직경 및 피질골 두께에 따른 응력분포 양상을 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 미니스크류의 길이와 직경 변화에 따른 응력 분포 양상을 관찰하기 위하여 식립되는 피질골의 두께를 1.0mm로 고정하고 미니스크류의 길이를 6.0mm, 8.0mm, 10.0mm, 12.0mm로, 직경을 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm인 3차원 유한요소 모델을 제작하였다. 또한, 피질골의 두께 변화에 따른 응력 분포 양상을 관찰하기 위하여 미니스크류의 길이를 0.8mm로 고정하고 직경은 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm로, 피질골의 두께는 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm인 3차원 유한 요소 모델을 제작하였다. 각각의 유한요소 모델의 미니스크류 head 중심에 200gm의 수평력을 가하여 응력 분포 양상과 크기를 3차원 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 ANSYS응 이용하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 미니스크류 내부에서 나타나는 최대 응력값을 비교한 결과, 미니스크류의 직경이 1.2mm에서 2.0mm로 증가할수록 응력이 감소하였으며 같은 직경에서는 길이 증가에 상관없이 일정한 값을 유지하였다. 2. 피질골 및 해면골에 작용되는 최대 응력값을 비교한 결과, 미니스크류의 직경이 1.2mm에서 2.0mm로 증가할수록 응력이 감소하였으며 같은 직경에서는 길이 증가에 상관없이 일정한 값을 유지하였다. 3. 피질골 및 해면골에 작용되는 응력 분포를 관찰한 결과, 대부분의 응력이 피질골에서 흡수 되었으며, 해면골에 전달되는 응력값은 미미하였다. 4. 피질골 두께에 따른 최대 응력값을 비교한 결과, 같은 미니스크류의 직경에서는 피질골의 두께 증가에 상관없이 일정한 값을 유지하였다. 이상의 결과는 교정용 미니스크류의 유지에 길이보다는 직경이 더 크게 관여하는 것으로 나타나 미니스크류의 식립시 이에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the stress distribution on the length and diameter of the miniscrew and cortical bone width. Three dimensional finite element models were made of diameter 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm and length 6.0mm, 8.0mm, 10.0mm, 12.0mm and cortical bone width 1.0mm. Also, another three dimensional finite element models were made of diameter 1.2mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm and length 8.0mm and cortical bone width 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, Two-hundred grams horizontal force were applied on the center of the miniscrew head and at that stress distribution and its magnitude had been analyzed by ANSYS, which is three dimensional finite element analysis program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The comparison of the maximum von-Mises stress in the miniscrew showed that as the diameter increases from 1.2mm to 2.0mm stress has been decreased, while on the same diameter stress was not changed regardless of the length change. 2. The comparison of the maximum von-Mises stress in the cortical and cancellous bone showed that as the diameter increases from 1.2mm to 2.0mm stress has been decreased, while on the same diameter stress was not changed regardless of the length change. 3. In the analysis of the stress distribution in the cortical and cancellous bone, the most of the stress had been absorbed in the cortical bone, and did not transmitted much to the cancellous bone. 4. In the analysis of the maximum von-Mises stress according to the cortical bone width, the same diameter of the miniscrew showed a constant stress value regardless of the cortical bone width change. The above results suggest that the maintenance of the miniscrew is more reliable on diameter than length of the miniscrew.

만성 간장 질환자에서 뇌 MRI 상의 pallidal index와 생물학적 망간지표들 간의 관련성

최영희,박능화,신정우,김효경,김성률,정태흠,박지강,이헌,유철인,이충렬,이지호,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : 만성 간장 질환자를 대상으로 T1강조 자기공명영상(MRI)에서 나타나는 담창구 부위의 고신호강도 소견(pallidal index, PI)과 생물학적 망간 지표들 간의 관련성을 알아본다. 방법 : B형간염 바이러스에 의한 간경변증으로 진단 받은 40세 이상의 환자 31명과 정상 대조군 10명을 대상으로 설문조사와 혈액 및 소변검사, 뇌 MRI를 시행하였다. 전체 41명 가운데 검사 전 수혈을 받았던 환자군 9명을 제외하고 전체 32명의 자료를 분석하였다. 망간 축적에 관련된 객관적 지표로서 T1 강조 MRI에서 나타나는 담창구 부위의 고신호강도를 전두부 백색질 신호강도로 나눈 수에 100을 곱하여 구한 PI를 택하였다. 환자군과 대조군 사이의 PI와 망간농도들의 평균을 비교하였다. 여러 변수들과 PI와의 상관성을 보기 위해서는 상관분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 간장 질환자 22명 가운데 18명(81.8%)에서 뇌 MRI 상 고신호강도가 나타났다. 대조군 10명에서는 아무도 MRI 소견상 고신호강도가 나타나지 않았다. 간장 질환자에서의 평균 PI는 122.62로 대조군의 106.23보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.01). 간장 질환자의 전혈에서 망간농도는 2.34㎍/㎗으로 대조군의 1.44㎍/㎗와 비교하여 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈장과 소변 내 망간농도는 대조군에서 다소 높게 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 또한 혈색소, 빌리루빈, AST가 대조군과 환자군 사이에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 전혈(p=0.489, P<0.01, n=29)과 적혈구(p=0.573, P<0.01, n=22) 내 망간농도와 PI 사이에는 각각 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 그러나 혈장과 소변 내 망간 농도와 PI와의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 총빌리루빈 또한 PI와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다(p=0.509, P<0.01, n=32). 결론 : 전혈 또는 적혈구 내의 망간 농도가 뇌 내 망간 침착으로 인한 T1 강조 MRI상 담창구 부위의 고신호 강도를 잘 반영하는 유용한 지표이다. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to clarify which biological manganese exposure indices reflect the pallidal signal intensities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver cirrhotics. Methods: We examined whole blood, plasma, RBC and urinary manganese concentrations, as well as, brain MRI in 22 cirrhotic patients and 10 healthy controls. From MRI scans we calculated the signal intensity of the globus pallidus using the pallidal index (PI), the ratio of the globus pallidus to subcortical frontal white-matter signal intensity in axial T1 -weighted MRl planes multiplied by 100. In addition, we studied the relationships between PI and other measurements. Results: The high signal intensity in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted MRI was observed in 18 (81.8%) patients. There was a significant correlation between whole blood and RBC manganese concentration, and PI on MRI. According to multiple linear regression, whole blood and RBC manganese concentration reflected PI on MRI better the other indices did. Conclusions: Whole blood and RBC manganese concentrations could be useful as biological manganese exposure indices that reflect PI on MRI.