국내 아파트 단위주호 평면의 공간 분석 : 1966년∼2002년의 서울지역 아파트를 대상으로

최재필,조형규,박인수,박영섭 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

This study intends to examine changes found in the unit floor plans of the apartments built in Seoul Metropolitan area from 1966 to 2002. The changes found in the unit floor plans are analyzed in the context of the Space Syntax Model and compared to the lifestyle and societal changes in Korea. The results of the study indicate the followings ; the unit floor plans have changed a lot from 3rd period to 4th period ; there is a tendency that design element in large unit such as numbers of bathrooms and bedrooms, etc. is imitated by small unit ; the unit floor plans of 3LDK apartments have been changing into the kitchen-dining-centered unit plans, but the unit floor plans of 4LDK apartments have hold down the living-centered unit plans ; there is a tendency that RRAs of master bedroom of 3LDK and 4LDK apartments have been decreasing.

드레인 타설 점토의 전단 변형 특성에 관한 연구

김형주,백필순 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

In this study, we examine experimentally the characteristics of shearing strength of clay stratum as sand drain installation through triaxial compression test to be various a stability of ground such as consolidated time and consolidated settlement of clay stratum for vertical drain method's final purpose. For triaxial compression test, it makes up sample to extract soft clay only pure fat silt do re-agitation and re-molding in housing land development at Susungdong, Kunsan city. And then the sample compare with triaxial compression test of sample that do not installation the drain such as consolidation, stress, strain about 10%, 20% of displacement rate. Thus, it was compared or analyzed stress-strain of stand drain installation ground. In stress path, under all condition, It shows it typical normally consolidated clay trend, and appears type along down failure envelope line (Kf line), in case of Drain displacement rate show bigger, slope more bigly. Therefore, When the drain installs, cohension does not in crease highly. However, Friction highly increase. As a result, the drain installations increase a strength by it self.

확률과정에 기초한 ERAM 이론의 재해석 및 검증

최재필,조형규,최현철,조영진 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.11

ERAM theory is an analytical tool for spatial configuration of architectural and urban spaces such as Space Syntax model. In this study, we tried (1) to reinterpret ERAM theory in terms of Markov process which is a kind of stochastic process and (2) to compare ERAM theory with Space Syntax model using pedestrian movement data. Besides, a new quantitative index ERAM and ERAM(r) for the spatial attribute is suggested. The results of the study include the followings. From the reinterpretation of ERAM theory, it can be said that ERAM theory is well compatible with stochastic process. From the comparison of integration and ERAM, it can be said that ERAM reflects the spatial configuration better than integration. Therefore, ERAM analysis can be used as a powerful tool for predicting accessibility of architectural and urban spaces.

인접행렬의 고유벡터 성분비를 이용한 공간 분석 : Spatial Configuration Analysis Using the Eigenvector Ratio of Adjacency Matrix

최재필,조형규,최현철,황용하 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11

The purpose of the ERAM model proposed in this paper is to analyze the spatial importance immanent in the intrinsic structure of spaces. Use of the adjacency matrix representing the connection of spaces makes it possible to analyze the spatial structure itself. On the assumption that a large number of people move continually at random in the system, the ratio of elements in any row of the n-th power of the adjacency matrix means the ratio of people of all nodes in equilibrium. Mathematically, it is the ratio of eigenvector corresponding to the dominant (maximum) eigenvalue, Therefore it is the attribute immanent in the structure of spaces itself. Moreover, it is possible to consider the relative level of attraction of spaces and the relative flow from spaces to spaces only by putting the gravity on the adjacency matrix. The ERAM model brings forth the flexible result reflecting the relativity of spaces and flows.

염색 단판을 이용한 集成 染色 무늬목 開發

안삼근,강형철,안상열,이균필,변희섭 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 집성 염색 무니목 개발을 위하여 사용 가능한 수종과 3종류의 염료를 사용하여 염색시간, 염색온도, 함수율 및 Flitch 제작에 대하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험에 사용한 4수종 중에서 선삭성이 불량한 은수원 사시나무를 제외한 3수종인 소나무와 이태리 포플러, 마티카가 사용 가능한 수종으로 밝혀졌다. Stain은 번지거나 얼룩이 지는 현상, Dylon은 침투 불균일로 부적당하였으나 Fine은 염색상태가 양호하였다. 염색시간은 5시간 이상 되어야 염색정도가 양호하였고, 염색온도는 90℃에서 가장 적당하였으며 생재와 기건재 및 포수재에 대한 영향은 큰 차이가 없었다. Flitch제작에 적당한 함수율은 9%이었다. This study was carried out to develop laminated dyeing wood, for which usable three sixties of trees and 3 kinds of dye stuffs were used to investigate dyeing time, dyeing temperature, moisture content and manufacture of flitch, the results were as follows: Out of four species of trees used in the experiment, it was found that three species, Pinus densiflora, Populus euramercana and Dyrea costulata were usable excluding Populus tomentiglandulosa whose cutting ability was bad. As to influence according to the kind of dye stuff, the Stain of low price could be used as a coloring agent but it was not proper as a dyeing agent due to spreading or staining phenomenon. As Dylon which was generally used to dye textile penetrated them uneven, dyeing only their surface, it was also found improper to be used. On the other hand, the dyed condition was good with Fine. The dyed condition was good when dyeing time was more than 5 hours and it was the most adequate when the temperature was at 90℃. There was no significant difference between their influence on green, dried and saturated wood.-In the manufacture of Flitch, the most appropriate moisture content was 9%.

Improvement of Conversion Efficiency of Inverted Organic Photovoltaic With PEDOT: PSS:WO<i>x </i> by Thermal Annealing

Hyeong Pil Kim,Seung Joo Lee,Bin Mohd Yusoff, Abd Rashid,Jin Jang IEEE 2015 IEEE journal of photovoltaics Vol.5 No.3

<P>We report the effects of postannealing on the photovoltaic performance of ITO/LZO/P3HT:ICBA/PEDOT:PSS: WO<SUB>x</SUB>/Al. The electrical characteristics of the PEDOT:PSS:WO<SUB>x</SUB> film can be controlled through an annealing treatment, which exhibits a short-circuit current density of 9.37 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, an open-circuit voltage of 0.86V, and a power conversion efficiency of 5.54% under AM1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). By annealing the device at 150°C, a favorable phase separation in the PEDOT:PSS:WO<SUB>x</SUB> is obtained, and the PCE increases by 23.27% compared with that of the nonannealed device. The V<SUB>oc</SUB> increases with the annealing temperature, and it is worth noting that the PEDOT:PSS device only experienced a 2.40% decrease in PCE after 150°C annealing treatment.</P>

Photomask Effect in Organic Solar Cells With ZnO Cathode Buffer Layer

Hyeong Pil Kim,Mi Sun Ryu,Jun Ho Youn,bin Mohd Yusoff, A. R.,Jin Jang IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.10

<P>In this letter, we report on the performance of conventional bulk heterojunction organic solar cell (OSC) incorporating a solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) spin coated on the photoactive layer regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C<SUB>60</SUB> bis adduct. We show a significant improvement in short-circuit current density (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) upon an introduction of ZnO, and this is further evidenced by the reduction of <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> leading to a lower PCE in the device without the presence of ZnO. Furthermore, we also examined the “photomask” on the performance of ZnO-based device yielding a decrease in both <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> and open-circuit voltage <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> (of about 13.42% and 0.73%, respectively) but an increase in filling factor. Results demonstrate that ZnO plays an important role in the improvement of OSCs' performance.</P>

North Korea`s Nuclear Decision-making and Plausible Scenarios

( Hyeong Pil Ham ),( Jae Hak Lee ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.3

North Korea continues to enhance its nuclear capability. The plenary meeting of the Korean Workers Party`s Central Committee, held on March 31, 2013, ended with a declaration of North Korea`s commitment to perfecting all its military and operational strategies, for deterrence and warfare alike, in a way that emphasizes the pivotal role of its nuclear weapons. In other words, North Korea has made known its intent to use nuclear weapons for military purposes, and to other ends, if necessary. This recent development leads us to ask: Will North Korea indeed use its nuclear weapons? If so, in what circumstances, to what ends, and in what ways will North Korea launch its nuclear weapons? To explore the answers to these questions, this study makes use of the situational deterrence model, based on a survey of the literature on decision-making regarding nuclear weapons. The model, providing a new framework of analysis, has as its premise the assumption that the leading power elites of the North Korean regime will decide to use their nuclear weapons when the losses incurred by failing to use such weapons are greater than the losses incurred by using such weapons. According to this logic of the situational deterrence model, the likelihood of deciding to use nuclear weapons increases amid incidents of domestic unrest; in the early, middle, and later phases of a possible war launched by North Korea against the South; or in response to preemptive strikes by the United States against North Korean nuclear facilities. It is in these circumstances that the perceived losses resulting from the failure to use nuclear weapons grow larger than the losses resulting from using nuclear weapons. In the meantime, the advancement and enlargement of the nuclear arsenal can help reduce the risks associated with using them. The Kim Jong Un regime, with its expanding nuclear program, is thus growing all the likelier to use nuclear weapons in possible future wars, and also to increase the number of nuclear weapons it would employ in such wars.

Inverted organic photovoltaic device with a new electron transport layer

Kim, Hyeong Pil,Yusoff, Abd Rashid bin Mohd,Kim, Hyo Min,Lee, Hee Jae,Seo, Gi Jun,Jang, Jin Springer 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1

<P>We demonstrate that there is a new solution-processed electron transport layer, lithium-doped zinc oxide (LZO), with high-performance inverted organic photovoltaic device. The device exhibits a fill factor of 68.58%, an open circuit voltage of 0.86 V, a short-circuit current density of −9.35 cm/mA<SUP>2</SUP> along with 5.49% power conversion efficiency. In addition, we studied the performance of blend ratio dependence on inverted organic photovoltaics. Our device also demonstrates a long stability shelf life over 4 weeks in air.</P>

분리된 마스트에 설치되는 선체고정 위상 배열 레이더의 기계적 정렬

서형필(Hyeong-Pil Seo),김대한(Dae-Han Kim),김준우(Joon-Woo Kim),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),조규룡(Kyu-Lyong Cho) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9

본 논문은 4면 선체 고정형 위상 배열 레이더를 부착하기 위한 2개의 분리된 마스트를 해군 함정에 정확하게 탑재하기 위한 기계적 정렬 방법과 정렬을 위한 3D 스캐너를 활용한 계측 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 선체 고정 위상 배열 레이더는 초고주파를 사용하므로 짧은 파장으로 인해 작은 위치오차에도 이로 인한 소자의 위상차이가 발생할 수 있고 배열 안테나가 선체 고정식이므로 4개의 배열 면에 대해 회전형 레이더 보다 높은 정도 관리(accuracy control)가 필수적이다. 육상 공장에서 제작된 2개의 레이더용 마스트에 대한 편평도 확인 방법, 마스트들을 함정에 탑재하기 위해 정렬을 하는 방법과 4개의 array 부착용 Pad 가공 면에 대해 정렬하는 방법을 도출하였다. 이에 대한 도구로 3D 레이저 스캐너에 의한 측량과 측량 결과를 3D CAD와 비교하기 위한 소프트웨어 활용의 방법이 사용된다. 이 논문은 한국 해군함정에서 분리된 마스트에 4면 선체 고정 위상 배열 레이더를 설치하고 기계적 정렬 방법을 도출한 최초의 사례로서 의미가 있다. This paper is meaningful as the first case where a 4 - sided hull-fixed phased array radar was installed on a mast separated from Korea and the alignment was verified. The mechanical alignment method was studied for accurately mounting two separate masts for naval ships and the 3D scanner for alignment. Hull-fixed phased array radar uses very high frequency, so the short wavelength can cause a phase difference of the device due to the small positional error. Since the array antenna is fixed with the hull, it has higher accuracy control than the rotary radar for 4 array surfaces. The study describes a method of checking the flatness of two radar masts manufactured at a factory, a method of aligning masts in a shipyard, and a method of aligning four array pad mounting surfaces. As a tool for this, a 3D laser scanner and a software-based method for comparing survey results with 3D CAD are used. This paper is meaningful as the first example of installing a four-sided hull-fixed phased array radar on a separate mast from a Korean naval ship and deriving a mechanical alignment method.