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Hyeong, Kiseong,Lee, Jongmin,Seo, Inah,Lee, Mi Jung,Yoo, Chan Min,Khim, Boo-Keun Geological Society of America 2014 Geology Vol.42 No.8
<P>The Mi-1 glaciation (ca. 23 Ma), which marks the Oligocene-Miocene boundary, was an aberrant cooling event that led to a build-up of the Antarctic ice sheet, which reached the near-modern volume (or greater) from its ephemeral or partial existence. An increase of ∼1‰ in the δ<SUP>18</SUP>O of benthic foraminifera during this interval has been attributed to the development of Antarctic ice sheets and deep-water cooling. Without definitive evidence, Northern Hemisphere (NH) glaciation has not been a material consideration for the δ<SUP>18</SUP>O increase. Here we investigate the interhemispheric temperature contrast during Mi-1, with the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) at a site (10°31′N) in the East Pacific (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1333), to understand NH cooling and the possibility of NH glaciation. The measured <SUP>143</SUP>Nd/<SUP>144</SUP>Nd, <SUP>87</SUP>Sr/<SUP>86</SUP>Sr, and clay mineral compositions of eolian dust fractions indicate unequivocally the deposition of Asian dust during Mi-1, and of Central American and South American dust before and after Mi-1. This is attributed to the southward displacement of the ITCZ over Site U1333 during Mi-1. The ITCZ shifts toward the warmer hemisphere. Thus our results suggest that the cooling during Mi-1 was more significant in the NH than in the Southern Hemisphere, which underwent a sudden expansion of continental ice sheets. Our data call for a forcing mechanism to drive significant NH cooling during this episode. Based on the available data, we propose that the widespread growth of NH ice sheets and/or changes in the production of North Atlantic–origin deep water could be possible causes of the NH cooling at that time.</P>
김창희,김혜숙,조혜성,이순옥,함형미,박미미 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.4
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preceptorship on On the Job Training of new nurses. The research design was a retrospective survey and one group pre-rost test design. The subjects were 49 entry nurses and 49 preceptors The data were collected from Feburary 1, 1998 to December 1, 1998. One questionnair applied in this study consisted of general characteristics, the responses of new entry nurses and their preceptors and their qualities. The other questionnair consisted of job satisfaction of new entry nurses and Preceptors and their competencies. The data were analyzed for frequencies, mean score, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the study were as follows : 1) Preceptees's responses were that the nurses' affiliation of unit. cooperation of other nurses, and competencies of nursing skills improved after OJT applied preceptorship. 2) Preceptors's answers were that preceptorship had a positive effect on their continuing education. 3) While preceptees's job satisfaction scores were high in interaction, administration, and organization, they were low in autonomy and pay. 4) Pre-competency scores were the same as post-competency scores. 5) After preceptorship, preceptors responded that their nursing skill & communication competency increased, but their nursing administration competency decreased. 6) Finally, preceptorship's other effects were as follows: ① Checklists for preceptee education at the nursing unit were developed separately. ② It was proved that 'preceptor interview note' was effective on manage preceptorship. ③ We obtained duty orierlap periods, medical-surgical units-1 month. 5 ICU-2 months. operaction room-3 months ④ We prepared a preceptor program based on the study results.
高美錫,金鎭馨,李楠烈 慶尙大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.2
綠豆 新品種 育成의 重要性에 비추어 多收系統의 效率的인 選擇을 위한 情報를 얻고자, 6個 品種을 二面交雜한 雜種 33系統을 材料로 開花日數, 成熟日數, 生育日數, 莖長, 莖直徑, 分枝數, 莢長, 株當英數, 100粒重및 粒重 等의 量的 形質들이 收量에 미치는 經路係數및 選擇指數 그리고 遺傳進展을 推定한 바, 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 經路係數에서 直接 果는 9個 形質 中 株當莢數, 莖直徑및 成熟日數 等이 높았고, 間接 果는 株當莢數, 莖直徑, 分枝數 等의 順으로 높아 收量에 미치는 影響이 各各 클 것으로 推定되었다. 2. 株當粒重을 收量으로 하여 본 各 形質의 選擇指數는 2~4個 形質(莖長, 莖直徑, 分枝數, 株當英數)의 組合에서는 莖直徑의 指數가 가장 높았고 그외 形質은 多少間의 差異는 있었으나 비교적 낮았다. 3. 遺傳進展과 關係效率에서 單一形質에서는 株當英數, 莖直徑,이 컸었는데, 2~4個 形質의 組合에서는 莖長, 莖直徑, 分枝數 組合의 形質이 他 形質의 組合보다 遺傳進展値의 값이 가장 높아 收量에 대한 選擇效率은 가장 클 것으로 믿어졌다. This experiment was conducted to estimate te path-coefficient of each character influencing the grain yield. selection index and genetic advance for nine agronomic characters in mungbean lines. The 33 mungbean lines selected from F6 generation were planted in a randomized block design with three replications, and the observed characters were days flowering, days from flowering to maturity, days to maturity, stem length, stem diameter, branch numbers per plant, pod length, pod numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight. The results obtained summarized as follows : 1. Three characters which are pod numbers per plant, stem diameter and days from flowering to maturity had the higher direct effects upon seed yield, and pod numbers per plant, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant showed higher indirect effects influencing each character. 2. Selection indicies based on nine characters were discussed with a conclusion that the selection index should be based on the data from stem length, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant. 3. On expected genetic advances among all characters, the highest value was the combinations among stem length, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant, and also relative efficiency were identify. For these reasons, it was realized that the parameter for selection should be calculated on the basis of the data from three agronomic characters, i, e., stem length, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant.
김형철,이미식,최용성 釜山大學校 師範大學 2001 교사교육연구 Vol.40 No.-
Comtemporary approach to moral education emphasize propositional thinking and socratestic verbal discussion of abstract moral dilemmas. In contrast, this article proposes that narratives are a central factor in moral education and feministi moral education. Support for this position comes from recent theoretical contributions of Bruner, Hoffman, Maclntyre, Gilligan and others, who have emphasized narrative thought as a major form of cognition that is qualitatively different from abstract propositional thinking. By the way, narrative has the opposing two aspects regarding gender equality, both of liberating and repressive effects on moral education. Narrative method of character education and virtue education is related to the traditional male values. In this respect, narrative becomes a repressive space for women. However, women can make narrative as a liberating space for them by promoting gender equality. It is proposed that narratives and narrative thinking are especially involved in how these processes lead to moral development and therefore that narrative should be rehabilitated as a valuable part of feministi moral education.
MgO 버퍼층을 이용한 PZT 박막의 형성 및 특성 평가
김지미,전호승,강재경,최형봉,김철주 서울시립대학교정보기술연구소 2001 정보기술연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-
In this paper, we fabricated the MgO layer by sol-gel method and estimated possibility as a buffer layer for ferroelectric such as PZT. MgO(Magnesium Oxide) proposed as buffer layer of ferroelectric is already for much used as buffer layer in optic technology. There are many formation methods of MgO layer, but in this study, we selected the sol-gel method which is easy to control the content of material and possible for fabrication of uniform layer, then we formed thin layer through the composition of MgO and PZT solution, spin coating and annealing. To estimate the possibility as buffer layer about ferroelectric layer, we analyzed the physical and electrical characteristics about PZT on MgO layer.By SEM, AFM and XRD analysis, we could know facts that the surface condition of PZT on MgO was relatively smooth and the crystal orientation of PZT was enhanced by MgO layer. Due to the measurements of P-V, C-V and I-V characteristics of PZT/MgO capacitor structure, the polarization, fatigue and breakdown properties of PZT on MgO were much improved than those of PZT without MgO layer. Also, in MFIS structure, the PZT on MgO showed the stable memory property. These results could be compared to those of MgO buffer layer formed by sputtering, so, if studies about the composition of MgO solution and the formation of MgO layer are executed continuously, the fabrication process of MgO layer by sol-gel method can be applied as the process for buffer layer of ferroelectric.
대추의 Blanching 조건과 자연건조중의 탈수율 및 경도변화
손미애,서지형,김광수,김순동 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1993 식품과학지 Vol.5 No.-
대추의 건조시에 blanching처리의 활용도를 높여 건대추의 품질향상을 꾀할 목적으로 blanching처리온도와 시간에 따른 탈수율의 변화를 자연건조 시키면서 살펴보았다. 그 결과 40℃와 60℃에서는 blanching효과가 없었으며, 80℃에서 3분간, 100℃에서 1분간의 처리가 건조중 탈수율과 내부의 변색정도, 껍질의 색상면에서 양호하였다. 또 경도는 수분감소에 따라 높아졌으나 수분 30%까지는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았고 열풍건조가 자연건조에 비하여 높으며, blanching처리하면 더욱 높아졌다. 껍질의 갈변정도, 조직내부의 색상, 부패율 등으로 평가한 결과 자연건조시킬 경우는 blanching의 필요성이 강조되었으며, 열풍건조시킬 경우는 blanching을 하지 않고, 온도, 건조시간 등에 유의할 필요성이 요구되었다. This study was conducted to utilize the blanching treatment for quality development of dried jujube fruit. The effect of blanching temperature and time on the hardness, decolorration and dehydration during natural and hot air drying were investigated. There was no blanching effect at 40℃ and 60℃. The degree of decoloration in internal side and skin decoloration were good under the condition of blaching at 80℃ for 3 minutes and 100℃ for 1 minute. Hardness of dried fruit became higher according to the decrease of moisture during drying but, it showed little changes until 30% of moisture in fruit. The hardness of dried fruit by hot air drying was higher than natural drying and it was much higher than the fruits of hot air drying when they were dried after blanching. It must be necessary for blanching in case of natural drying. Hot air drying was not necessary for blanching, but it was required to be careful for temperature and drying time.
이보형,이현경,김미정,최광해 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2001 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.18 No.1
Background: The accidental swallowing of foreign body is a common problem in the children. Ingested foreign bodies may be managed by endoscopy, observation, or surgery. So we analyzed the methods of removal, type, location and complications of foreign bodies. Materials and Methods: This report reviewed 37 cases of ingested foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract at the Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University Hospital between January 1997 and April 2001. Results: The age ranged from 8 months to 8 years. The most prevalent age group was between 1 year and 2 years of age(19%). The male to female ratio was 2.1:1 with 25 male and 12 female patients. The type of foreign bodies were coins in 20 cases(54%), nail in 4 cases(11%), key in 4 cases(11%), pin in 2 cases(5.5%), necklace in 2 cases(5.5%) and others. The locations of foreign bodies were upper esophagus in 12 cases(32.5%), lower esophagus in 4 cases(10.8%), stomach in 16 cases(43.2%), small bowel in 5 cases(13.5%). 4. Presenting symptoms were variable with asymptomatic(59.4%), vomiting(19.0%), epigastric pain(8.1%), dysphagia(5.4%) and others. The methods for removal of foreign bodies included 20 cases of endoscopic removal(54.0%), 3 cases of spontaneous removal(8.1%) and there was no surgical removal. 14 cases(37.9%) did not confirmed removal of foreign body because of no revisit of our hospital. Endoscopic finding of patients were normal(15 cases), ulceration(2 cases), erosion(1 case), inflammation(1 case) , mucosal scratch(1 case). Conclusion: It appears that the endoscopic approach is the preferable method for the removal of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies in the children.
Process 개선이 기업가치에 미치는 영향 : BSC의 적용사례를 중심으로
정미녀,권형기 관동대학교 기업경영연구소 2004 경영논집 Vol.22 No.-
본 연구는 연구대상 기업인 H기업의 현재 기업 상태를 BSC를 적용하여 진단해 보고, 변화하는 기업 환경 속에서 지속적인 성장과 발전을 위해 당기순이익 뿐만 아니라 장기적 순이익을 증가 시키려는 노력이 필요하므로 BSC의 주요 핵심인 Process 개선이 기업가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 한다. H기업은 1999년 H중공업에서 분리되어 독자 경영을 이끌어 가면서 사내·외의 이해관계자들로부터 과연 부실에서 벗어나 건실 경영을 할 수 있을 거라는 의문을 야기하고 있었다. 결과적으로 당기순이익을 실현하는 것이 최대의 과제이며, 차입금이 적은 상태에서는 영업외 이익이 아닌 영업이익이 대부분 당기순이익을 반영하고 있는 상황이다. 그러므로 H기업의 process 개선이 구체적으로 어떻게 고객의 관점 그리고 더 나아가서 재무적인 관점에 공헌하는가를 살펴보았으며, 이러한 process 개선에 결정적인 제약조건을 부여하는 것이 human resource의 관점에서 야기되는 문제로 나타났다. 따라서 과연 Process. 개선이 H기업의 기업 가치를 얼마나 증진시키는가는 어떤 부분을 어떻게 개선하느냐에 따라 다른 결과를 초래하므로 BSC상에서의 Human Resource(Learning & Growth) 측면이 부각시키는 제한성을 어떻게 극복하느냐에 달린 문제라고도 볼 수 있다. 이러한 불확실성에도 불구하고 BSC를 들여다보면서 여러 가지 간접적인 효과를 가늠해 본 결과 오히려 직접적인 효과 이상으로 기업가치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
張權烈,高美錫,韓鏡秀,金鎭馨 慶尙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.25 No.2
大豆 新品種育成의 重要性에 비추어 選拔에 대한 基礎資料를 얻고자, 6個品種을 二面交雜하고 이들에서 얻은 15個組合 雜種 F1 및 F2世代를 材料로 經路係數를 分析하여 各量的 形質들이 收量에 미치는 直接 果와 形質相互間의 間接 果를 算出한바, 그 結果는 다음과 같았다. 1. 各形質들의 收量에 미치는 直接 果는 世代間에 多少의 差異는 있었지만, 株當莢數, 莖直徑, 莖長, 成熟口數 및 100粒重等이 크게 評價되었다. 2. 形質間의 間接 果는, 株當莢數가 全組合間에 큰 影響을 미쳤으나 100粒重은 成熟日數, 分枝數로부터 받는 間接的 影響이 더 컸었다. 3. 株當莢數가 收量에 미치는 影響은 直接 果가 支配的이었으나 莖長, 莖直徑 및 生育日數로부터 間接的 影響을 받음으로써 그 果는 더욱더 컸을 것으로 推定되었다. A set of 15 crosses of F1's and F2's from six soybean varieties (Danyeopkong, D70-7485, Ilyangjidu, Yukoo#3, Gungnae Jungsaengjidu and Ganglim) were grown in the field to estmiate the path-coefficient for direct and indirect effects of each character influencing grain yield. From a serious of experiments conduced in 1981 to 1982, nine agronomic characters, i.e., days to flowering, days from flowering to maturity, days to maturity, stem length, stem diameter, branch numbers per plant, pod numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight per plot(grain yield) were observed. By means of a path-coefficient analysis method, the yield of soybean was found to be mainly associated with the characters such as pod numbers per plant, stem length, stem diameter and the highest affectable character to grain yield was pod numbers per plant. The direct effect of 100-grain weight to yield was found to be lower than the indirect effect of other characters.