Benzotriazole계 유도체의 제초활성과 분자 설계

성낙도,박현주,박승희,변종영 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-

Benzotriazole 유도체들의 정량적인 구조와 발아후 벼(Oryzae sativa L) 및 피(Echinochloa crus-galli)에 대한 생장저해 활성값(pI_50)사이의 관계들이 QSAR 방법으로 연구되었다. QSAR 분석에 의하면, 자유 라디칼 파라미터(E_R)가 매우 중요한 요소이었으며 pI_50 값은 파라치환기(X)의 E_R 파라미터에 대하여 포물선형의 관계를 나타내었다. (3)의 생장저해 활성은 (4)보다 우세하였으며 생장저해 활성이 가장 큰 화합물은 (3b)이었고 피의 생장저해 활성에 대한 E_R 파라미터의 적정값은 각각 E_R(3)=0.52와 E_R(4)=0.15이었다. 분자설계 결과, 치환기(X)가 전자 끌게이고 적정값 (0.52)와 E_R 파라미터를 가지는 분자가 가장 활성이 클 것으로 기대되었으며 Benzotriazole 유도체들의 생장저해 활성은 광합성반응(PS-II)에서 전자전달을 효과적으로 차단하는 결과로 믿어진다(1991년 9월 15일 접수, 1991년 9월 31일 수리). The relationships between the quantitative structure of benzotriazoles and their post-emergence growth inhibiting activity(pI_50) against Oryzae sativa L. and Echinochloa crus-galli were investigated using a generalized quantitative structure activity relationships(QSAR). According to the QSAR analysis, the free radical parameter (E_R) is a very important factor and the growth inhibiting activity values showed parabolic relation to E_R parameter of para-substituents(X). The activity of (3) was superior to those of (4) and (3b) is selected as the most highly effective compound. The optimal values of E_R parameter of the growth inhibiting activity aganist E. crus-galli are E_R(3)=0.52 and E_R(4)=0.15, respectively. From the result of molecular design, the substituents(X) of electron withdrawing properties and E_R parameter of optimal value(0.52) were most desirable for high activity of the benzotriazoles. And in view of this, benzotriazoles may also be effective in blocking the photosynthetic electron transfer.

비첨 성형술에서 비중격 연골 지주 이식 : 비순각 증가

박상현,유원민,박 철,박병윤 大韓成形外科學會 2001 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.28 No.2

Garcin 증후군으로 발현된 연골육종 1예

강성수,김명권,박현미,류근신,신동진 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Evaluation of Hot Deformation and Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviors of Advanced Reduced-Activated Alloy (ARAA)

Sang‑Wook Kim,Hyeon‑Woo Son,Taek‑Kyun Jung,Young‑Bum Chun,Yi‑Hyun Park,Ji‑Woon Lee,Soong‑Keun Hyun 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The hot deformation behavior of advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) was investigated using hot torsion tests. Thefl ow stress decreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The fl ow behavior demonstratedthe typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Based on the constitutive analysis of peak stress, the activation energy for hotdeformation was found to be 330.3 kJ mol −1 . Peak stress was analyzed as a function of the Zener–Hollomon parameter, andcalculated and experimental values were in good agreement. A DRX kinetic model for ARAA was derived with deformationconditions based on the Avrami-type model. It was confi rmed that the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grainsincreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The necklace structure and grain boundarybulging were observed in the deformed microstructure of ARAA. The suggested DRX mechanism for ARAA during hotworking is discontinuous DRX.

진행성 폐 종양 환자에서 종양 내 OK-432 주입술의 효과

정수현,김성빈,박진희,탁희상,옥철호,장태원,정만홍,천봉권 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background: Intratumoral injection of OK-432 produced significant antitumor effects. There are reports that OK-432 was injected directly into tumor tissue on gastrointestinal tracts and HCC tissue, producing decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein level. We adopted this technique for treating locally advanced lung cancer. The object of this study is to evaluate the local therapeutic efficacy, side effects of injection for treating symptomatic mass. Methods: Twenty lung cancer patients (13 males and 7 females) underwent sonography guided OK-432 injection. We analyzed relationships between response of OK-432 and response of skin test, histology and age. Pain that patients feel was evaluated by VAS (Visual Analog scale). Results: A significant decrease of tumor size was observed. The mean pre-injection diameter of the lesions was 54.7±11.3mm, PR rate were 15.0% (3/20) and minimal change (50%<tumor size decreased.) patients were 35.0% (7/20). The VAS score before injecting OK-432 into the lesion was 5±3, this was decreased to 2.5±1.5 (p=0.04). Object response was significantly correlated with skin response, adenocarcinoma, and age. Conclusion: A significant decrease of tumor size and pain was observed. So OK-432 is a valuable treatment option for patients with symptomatic lesion from advanced lung cancer who are not amenable to further therapy.

Enterococcus faecalis 추출물이 임파구의 IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β1분비에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김현식,이우철,손원준,이상탁,김철호,임성삼 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.1

In order to examine the immunoresponse of host cells to Enterococcus faecalis, this in vitro study monitored the production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were activated with PHA in the presence or abscence of sonicated extracts of E. Faecalis (SEF) and further incubated for 72 hours. The level of each cytokine was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05). PHA-activated group did exhibit higher level of IL-2 and IL-4 than untreated control group. The levels of expression of both cytokines were significantly decreased following the treatment of high (25㎍/㎖) and medium concentration (12.5㎍/㎖) of SEF (P > 0.05) than those of PHA activated group. But low concentration (5㎍/㎖) of SEF showed th similar level of IL-2 and IL-4 production as those of PHA activated group. TGF-β1 was unaffected by SEF treatment. These results suggested that E. faecalis may suppress IL-2 and IL-4 production by lymphocytes and this could be one of possible factors why E. faecalis are found frequently in the teeth with failed endodontic treatment. 근관치료의 실패원인 중 중요한 세균으로 알려진 Enterococcus faecalis는 최근에 중요성이 더해지며 많은 연구들이 진행중이다. 여러가지 기전들이 보고되고 있으나 면역반응에 관한 연구는 거의 알려져 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 Enterococcus faecalis의 초음파 분쇄 추출물을 성인의 말초혈액으로부터 얻은 임파구에 적용시켜서 여기서 분비되는 interleukin-2, interleukin-4, transforming growth fater-β1의 농도를 Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)로 측정하여 비교, 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. E. faecalis를 적절한 조건에서 배양한 뒤 초음파 분쇄를 하여 추출물을 얻어냈다. 임파구는 건강한 성인의 말초혈액에서 추출하여 분리하였다. 임파구를 적절한 농도의 mitogen (Phytohemagglutinin: PHA)으로 자극시킨 뒤에 다양한 농도의 E. faecalis 초음파 추출물을 적용시키고 72시간 동안 배양하였다 ELISA를 이용하여 IL-2, IL-4,TGF-β1 의 농도를 측정하였다. 실험결과는 Kruskal-Wallis test, Man-Whitney rank sum test (p < 0.05)를 사용하여 통계처리 하였다. 실험결과 PHA로 처리한 군은 아무것도 처리하지 않은 군에 비해서 IL-2, IL-4의 수치가 유의성 있게 높았다 (p < 0.05). PHA로 처리한 군중에서 고농도와 중농도의 sonic extract of E. faecalis (SEF)로 처리한 군은 그렇지 않은 군에 비해서 IL-2 IL-4의 농도가 유의성 있게 낮았다 (p < 0.05). PHA로 처리한 군중에서 저농도의 SEF로 처리한 군은 그렇지 않은 군과 비교하여 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다.TGF-β1의 농도는 모든 군에서 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 따라서, E. faecalis의 추출물은 임파구의 IL-2, IL-4의 분비능력을 저하시킨다고 할 수 있다.

북한의 경제정책과 운용에 관한 소고

李相直,金賢友 대구산업정보대학 1997 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The bankruptcy of the North Korean economy has considerable impact on the condition that South Korea has prepared for unity and reunification. The purpose of this paper is not to assess the economic miscarriage of North Korea but to open wider preparation of a unity and reunification. There are two viewpoints to observe the management method on the North Korean economy. One is to consider it as planning economy, different from free market economy, the other is as a transitional period, from socialism to communism. According to this point of view, we can define the operating system of the North Korean economy as a socialist planning economy. In front of us, however, it leaves a question on the system of N. K. economy when we see the level of productivity of N. K. Therefore the system could be called a precapitalist society rather than socialist planning economy is reasonable. Nevertheless, in reality N. K. is just defining as socialism by itself with declaration to the World. The fundamental recognition of the North Korean economy is based on solidarity and a rational view of social life. And the economic order of N. K. is planning economy, allocation of resources consists of a central-planning administrative order. On considering the relation of property, the crucial means of material production is becoming socialized. Socialization on means of material production is collective ownership, cooperative association management and whole-people ownership, state management. And they have only the validation of labor as creating unique value, the rate of exchange is determined in proportion to the quantity of labor, invested of goods production. So price control is achieved by single-price plan, the keynote of economic policy stand on the basis of keeping pace with the priority of heavy industry, the munitions industry and autarky-consequently there was no profit of international division of labor. This could be made a firm belief that assure a notable difference in economy power between N. K. stems from autarky and S. K. from exports drive policy. Recently N. K. is searching new economic policy and mediating industrial structure. As we have seen, the analysis of North Korean circumstances is not to approach the consolidcition of the division of the Korean peninsula but to unify it. For that reason, if we make an analysis of reunification more concretely, it could be showed as a desirable solution.

드로아의 유두고

유상현 연세대학교 신과대학 2009 신학논단 Vol.56 No.-

During his 'third missionary trip,' Paul sails from Philippi to Troas. Reporting Paul's activities there, Luke presents an interesting incident: resurrection of a young man named Eutychus. This article is an exegetical study of different themes contained this short episode (Ac20:7-12). Among the subjects discussed are the description of the place of gathering, the 'situation of Eutychus,' and Paul's act of resuscitating Eutychus. We will also discuss the symbolic expressions in the story, such as 'fell to the ground three floors below,' 'many lamps in the room' in contrast to the darkness of the outside, 'sleep, death, resurrection,"'long sermon and continued conversation,' and 'five words beginning with prefix 'kata.' In addition, we will examine other aspects of the story that are ambiguous and then compare Eutychus' story to that of Patroclus as it is recorded in the Acts of Paul. At the end of this study, we hope to gain a new and fresh understanding of Luke's story of Eutychus' resurrection.

몰입 이론적 시각에서 본 기업간 통제 메카니즘

김상현 嶺南大學校附設 社會科學硏究所 1995 社會科學硏究 Vol.14 No.2

스포츠용품의 원산지효과에 관한 이론적 고찰

배성우,조송현 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2009 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구에서는 글로벌화 되어가는 기업환경을 반영하여 원산지효과의 발생과정과 원산지효과 존재의 입증 분석하고자한 연구의 흐름을 알아보고, 원산지에 대한 문헌연구를 통해 글로벌기업이 많이 진출한 스포츠용품산업에서의 우너산지효과에 대한 이론적 고찰을 하고자 한다. 이 글의 내용은 원산지에 대한 개념, 구매의사결정과정에서 원산지효과와 국가, 제품, 소비자특성 요인 등에 따른 원산지효과와 스포츠용품산업의 국제적 동향에 대해서 고찰해 보았다. 거대 스포츠 기업의 M&A전략, 시장거점확보, 생산비용절감과 마케팅 전략적 접근으로 다국적화가 일반화, 가속화되고 있으며, 원산지는 소비자들의 제품선택의 중요한 외재적 속성단서로 국가별, 제품별, 소비자특성별 등 원산지효과를 나타나고 있다. 원산지 이미지는 소비자들이 다국적 제품을 구매하는데 있어 중요한 의사결정 정보로 활용되는 영향요인으로 소비자 행동연구에 의미하는 바가 크다. 기업의 입장에서는 국제마케팅의 주요 전략으로 원산지효과에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사한다.