http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Alignment in Latin Enclitic Stress
Cho, Hyea,Sung 대한언어학회 1995 언어학 Vol.3 No.-
Hyea-Sung Cho(1995). Alignment in Latin Enclitic Stress. Linguistics, vo1.3. In this paper I show that Latin enclitic stress can be best explained within Optimality Theory. Halle & Kenstowicz(1991)' approach relies on serial derivation of suffixal and enclitic stress, which makes stress rule dual and unrelated. I argue that enclitic stress be due to phonology-morphology interface, and be handled by Alignment, supporting Parallelism. Thus, both stress patterns observed in Latin are the results of constraint interactions.
Cho, Hyea-Sung 대한언어학회 2002 언어학 Vol.10 No.1
Cho. Hyea-Sung. 2002. Stress Clash Revisited. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 10(1), 101 115. This paper focuses on stress clash in English. The claim made here is that the previous definition of stress clash is not so sophisticated and relativized as to characterize both destressing and stress shift in English in a uniform way. So, I propose that clash be divided into two types, dash of adjacent stress and dash of degrees of stress, and that only the former is one of the most disfavored structures in both cases. As a lower, such specific instantiations of general clash avoidance principle as *Clash Head constraints do not overgenerate in the way that Liberman and prince's (1977) 치ash based analysis does. Additionally, I claim that Hayes's (1984) argument against clash is no longer valid, with stress clash based constraints. Therefore, it is implied that in case is formulated as violable constraint prohibiting stressed syllable adjacency, interaction of *clash Head constraints with faithfulness constraints will allow us to account for complicated English stress shift adequately.
Demarcative Stress in Latin Cliticization
Cho, Hyea Sung 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2
Cho, Hyea-Sung. 1999. Demarcative Stress in Latin Cliticization. Linguistics 7-2, 225-290. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that in spite of superficial stress anormality, Latin enclitics have the demarcative property of word stress, like normal stress by conforming to the (ante)penultimate stress pattern. The demarcative nature of clitic stress is formalized by Clitic constraint in partnership with TrochFt and MainStressR. Meanwhile, we assume clitics are incorporated into prosodic words. Thereby, we can dispense with the need of tier conflation, clitic extrametricality, and the distinction of lexical and postlexical stress rules, which have been assumed to account for clitic stress. (Mokpo National Maritime University)
박혜경,경희문,권오원 대한치과교정학회 1993 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.23 No.2
This study was conducted to examine the growth change in external nose according to age which plays an important role in determining the facial profile, by analysing the biennial serial lateral cephalograms of 20 males and 20 females of mean 8.5 years old to 16.5 years old who have a normal occlusion. The results of this study were summarized as follows. ㆍBoth mean and standard deviation were obtained according to each item, sex and age for the male and female. ㆍNose heights of the male and female increased with increase in their age. The upper to lower nose height ratio somewhat decreased for both male and female with increase of age. The mean ratio was 3.69:1 for the male, respectively, and 3.83:1 for the female during this study. ㆍThe nose depth indicated the most significant increase of all items according to the increase of age, while the sagittal depth inicated higher value for the female than that of the male in the most age groups. ㆍThe nose inclination did not show a remarkable change during this study. ㆍThe proportions of growth completed at the earliest age showed the highest percentage for sagittal depth(male : 87.14% & female : 91.29%). Also, the male indicated the lowest percentage in lower nose height(73.04%), while the female did the lowest in nose depth(79.09%). ㆍThere was shown the variable of the greatest correlation between the upper nose inclination and nose depth. ㆍFrom this study, the whole external nasal growh was occurred downward and forward which was more frequent for forward growth than vertical growth.
조혜진 한국영유아보육학회 2004 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.36
The purpose of this study was to examine how three aspects of non-parental care-age of entry, amount, and quality-are affected by family characteristics. The subjects of this study were 250 of four-year-old children, their mothers and 10 classroom teachers. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, most infants were cared by non-parents from less than 12 months after at birth and used non-parental care or child-care centers over 8 hours a day. The types of non-parental care were that the ratio of children less than two years old taken care of by relative was high while the ratio of children more than two years old taken care of in child-care home or child-care center was high. Second, after looking at family characteristics that affect age of entry and amount of non-parental care, variables predicting quantity of non-parental care were when mothers started to go back to work and length of their working hours. The earlier mothers went back to work, the earlier children faced child-care experience. The more hours mothers worked per week, the longer children experienced non- parental care or child-care centers. Third, family variables predicting quality of child-care experience were level of mother's education, family income and when mothers started to work again. Among child-care qualitative factors, these family characteristics indicated notably ratio of teacher to children and quality of teacher interaction.
류마티스 관절염환자와 일반인의 일상활동, 피로 및 우울에 관한 비교 연구
조혜명,박정숙,박명화 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.2
This study was conducted to compare activities of dally living. fatigue and depression between rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy persons. The subjects consisted of 53 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 53 healthy persons at a university hospital in Daegu City. Data were collected by means of structured interviews with questionnaires from July 20, 1999 to August 25, 1999. The instrument used in this study were the activities of daily living scathe developed by Katz et al. (1970) and Barthel(1973), Multidi-mensional Assessment of Fa샤� by Belza et al.(1995) and CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale. Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, MANCOVA and Duncan with the SPSS program. The major finding are summarized as follows : 1. The first hypothesis that the rheumatoid arthritis patients will have a lower decree of activities of dally living than the healthy persons was supported (F=4.584. p= .035). 2. The second hypothesis that the rheumatoid arthritis patient will have a higher decree of fatigue than the healthy persons was supported (F=7.799, p= .006). 3. The third hypothesis that the rheumatoid arthritis patients will have a higher degree of depression than the healthy persons was supported (F=4.7y8, p= .031). With the above results, it can be concluded that rheumatoid arthritis patients had a lower degree of activities of daily living and a higher degree of fatigue and depression than the healthy persons. Therefore, by providing appropriate nursing intervention, activities of and depression would be alleviated.
김현숙,서혜수,송인제,손진욱 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1
만성화된 환자들이 주로 입원하여 있는 대형정신병원에서 수면제의 처방에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 1996년 10월 2일 국립부곡정신병원에 입원해 있는 환자 402명을 대상으로 병록지조사를 통해 입원시부터 조사당일까지의 수면제 사용을 조사였다. 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 여부, 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 처방 여부, 당직의사에 의한 수면제 처방 여부를 조사하여 환자의 나이, 성별, 진단, 입원횟수, 유병기간, 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수 등의 변수에 따라 비교해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 207명(51.5%)이 재원기간동안 최소한 일회 이상 수면제를 복용하였고, 195명(48.5%)은 수면제를 복용한 적이 없었다. 2) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 남자에 비해 여자에서 높았다. 3) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전문의가 담당의사인 환자군에서 높았다. 4) 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전공의 1년차가 담당하는 환자나 전문의가 담당하는 환자에서 높았다. 5) 연령, 진단, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등은 수면제 처방의 빈도와 유의한 관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 국립부곡정신병원의 입원환자에서 수면제의 처방이 환자의 성별과 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수와 관계됨을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that were associated with the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of a large mental hospital. The medical records were reviewed in 402 inpatients who were admitting in Bugok National Mental Hospital at October 2, 1996. The results were as follows: 1) Fifty-one percent of the whole group received a hypnotics at least once during hospitalization. 2) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in charge was more frequent in female patients than male patients. 3) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in change was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric specialist than patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric resident. 4) The prescription of hypnotics by p.r.n. order of doctor in charge was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a first-year psychiatric resident or a psychiatric specialist than a second, a third, or a forth-year psychiatric resident. 5) Age, duration of illness, frequency of admission, and diagnosis were not significantly associated with frequency of hypnotics prescription. These findings suggest that the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of Bugok National Mental Hospital was positively associated with patient's sex and duration of service of doctor in charge.
간이 폐기능측정기 (mini-Wright)와 비강세척액 (Nasal Lavage)을 이용한 대기오염물질과 호흡기 건강영향 분석
이종태,정용,현연주,조혜련 한국환경독성학회 1999 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1
A large number of studies have indicated associations between the impairment of respiratory health and exposure to ambient air pollutants such as ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (N0₂), sulfur dioxide (S0₂), particulate matters (PM_(10)). To evaluate this associations, we used the pulmonary function tests (peak expiratory flow rate: PEFR) by mini-wright peak flow meter and counting neutrophils in the nasal lavage (NL) as biomarker. From 15 June to 16 July 1998, for the workers in the highway tollgates, PEFR and NL were measured three times daily and twice per week, and association between the level of air pollutants and PEFR and NL were analyzed using the multiple regression model and the poisson regression model respectively. The results indicated that the effects of all measured air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, PM_(10)) were not significantly associated with the value of PEFR. On the other side, S0₂, NO₂, PM_(10) were significantly associated with the number of neutrophils in NL. The increase in SO₂, N0₂ of 10ppb and in PM_(10) of 10μg/m³ was associated with 24%, 21%, 35% increases in neutrophil counts. But the ozone exposure was not associated with NL.
윤의중,구본석,정인수,정인찬,이영훈,신혜숙 한서대학교 산학협력연구원 부설 환경연구소 2000 환경연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-
Gas phase Ozonolyses have been examined with particular emphasis on the question whether are produced. The following results were obtained. 1) In contrast to previous reports, Ozonolyses of the terpense β-pinene and sabinene provided the corresponding ozonides as minor products. Major products were the corresponding ketones, respectively. In addition, β-pinene afforded the lactones, while sabinene gave the lactones. 2) Ozonolyses of 1, 2-dimethylcyclopentene provided the corresponding ozonide as a minor and diketone as the major product, along with small proportions, each, of nine additional products. 3) Ozone treatment of diketone provided small amounts of Ozonide in a hitherto unprecedented reaction of diketiones with ozone.
( Hyea Bin Lm ),( Ahmed ),( Mansoor ),( Jung Hye Hwang ),( Dongwoon Han ) 한국모자보건학회 2019 한국모자보건학회 학술대회 연제집 Vol.2019 No.2
Purpose: Despite the scarcity of the evidence supporting its efficacy and safety, the consumption of herbal medicines (HM) during pregnancy has been widely reported due to the belief that they are safer and more natural. However, certain pharmacological characteristics of herbs can cause a detrimental effect on both pregnant women and the fetus, and because HM use is often self-prescribed and is unsupervised by health professionals, safety issues in HM use remain to be a major public health concern. One of the ways to overcome this issue is to increase patient disclosure of HM use to physicians, as improved physician-patient communication on HM use provides room for appropriate medical intervention when complications/adverse reactions arise from concurrent use of HM and conventional medicine. In Nepal, the use of HM is also widespread and is culturally embedded, yet little is known about the pattern of HM use during pregnancy and whether proper physician-patient communication on HM use has been practiced. Therefore, this study aims to explore the pattern of HM use among pregnant women in Nepal, to identify potential predictors of HM use during pregnancy, and to examine factors associated with physician disclosure on HM use. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 400 postpartum women at Maternity and Women’s Hospital located in Kathmandu, Nepal from July 4, 2017 to August 12, 2017. All postpartum women aged 15 to 49 were invited to take part in the survey before they were discharged from the hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sociodemographic and pregnancy-related characteristics of study respondents. A chi-square test was performed to identify differences in sociodemographic and pregnancy-related characteristics between users and non-users of HM. Furthermore, among HM users, a chi-square test was also used to compare pregnancy outcomes between the group who disclosed HM use to physicians and the group who did not. Lastly, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine potential predictors of HM use and to identify the factors associated with physician disclosure on HM use. Results: Herbal medicines were used by 241 (60.3%) participants in their previous pregnancy, and travel time to health facility (p=0.045), use of HM prior to previous pregnancy (p<0.001), and gravidity (p=0.018) were significantly associated with HM use in pregnancy. Ginger was the most commonly used modality of HM in Nepal (n=111, 46.1%), and the most commonly reported indications for HM use were cough, cold, flu (72.6%), nausea/vomiting (39.8%), and heartburn/indigestion (23.6%). Overall, 21.6% of HM users reported side effects of HM use in pregnancy, and the most popular source of HM information were family and friends (n=236, 98.3%). The disclosure rate of HM use with healthcare providers was 54.8%, and potential predictors of patient disclosure on HM use were pregnant women’s education level (p=0.022) and the number of antenatal care(ANC) visits (p=0.008). Conclusion: This study found that the use of HM during pregnancy was common in Nepal. However, most women obtained HM-related information from informal sources and did not disclose HM use to physicians. ANC visits and women’s education levels were found to be associated with disclosure of HM use to physicians. This highlights the need for public education and awareness programs on the safe use of HM and encourage pregnant women’s disclosure of HM use. Furthermore, to provide optimal care and promote coordination between HM and conventional medicine, health care providers should stay up to date with the knowledge of HM use.