Do Subtypes of Focus Really Exist in Spanish?

Hye-Yoon Chung 한국언어학회 2016 언어 Vol.41 No.1

Chung, Hye-Yoon. 2016. Do Subtypes of Focus Really Exist in Spanish? Korean Journal of Linguistics, 41-2, 97-118. This article deals with the term focus in Spanish, in particular, two subtypes of focus, called Contrastive Focus and Non-contrastive Focus (cf. Gutiérrez-Bravo, 2005). According to Zubizarreta (1998), in Spanish, the two types of focus most noticeably differ syntactically: While Non-contrastive Focus should appear at the utterance-final position, Contrastive Focus may appear in-situ. Inspired by a handful of studies (e.g. Cabrera-Abreu & García-Lecumberri, 2003; Kim & Avelino, 2003; Toledo, 1989) and motivated by empirical data gathered for the pilot study conducted prior to the current study, I set out to reinvestigate Zubizarreta’s (1998) claim on the distinction between the focus subtypes. The findings of the current study show that the pragmatically defined notion of focus (Lambrecht, 1994) is not further divided into two types in Castilian Spanish at least syntactically. Across the focus scopes, there were little differences in Contrastive Focus and in Non-contrastive focus. (Korea University)

Determination of Acyl-lysophosphatidic Acid in Plasma by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Yoon, Hye-Ran 덕성여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學論文誌 Vol.16 No.1

Analysis of acyl lysophosphatidic acids(LPAs) has clinical importance as a potential biomarker for ovarian and other gynecological cancers or obesity in the aspect of prevention. Here we report simple sample preparation and analytical method developed with high sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of gynecological cancers to improve the overall outcome of this disease. We established a novel quantification method of acyl-LPAs in plasma by electrospray negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using multiple reaction monitoring mode without conventional TLC step. Protein-bound lipids, acyl-LPAs in plasma were extracted with methanol : chloroform (2:1) containing LPA C14:0 as internal standard under acidic condition. Following back extraction with chloroform and water, centrifuged lower phase was evaporated and reconstituted in methanol and then analyzed. Using ESI-MS-MS with negative ionization MRM mode, all the species of LPAs were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. For MRM mode, Q1 ions selected were m/z 409, 433, 435, 437 and 457 which corresponds to molecular mass [M-H]- of C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0 and C20:3 LPA, respectively. Q2 ions selected for MRM was m/z 79, phosphoryl product. Using MS/MS with MRM mode, all the species of LPAa were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. This method allowed simultaneous detection and quantification of different species of LPAs in a plasma over a linear dynamic range of 0.01 - 25 (mol/L. The method detection limit was 0.3 pmol/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9983 in most LPAs analyzed. When applied to the plasmas with normal and gynecological cancer patient, this new method differentiated two different groups by way of total LPA level.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

호산구성 간농양 54예의 임상상

강혜련,권혁수,송우정,이상민,김태범,박혜경,장윤석,김윤근,조상헌,민경업,김유영 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

소방공무원의 정신건강 문제 예방을 위한 해피아트테라피 프로그램 적용 사례연구

윤혜선 ( Hye-sun Yoon ),윤현서 ( Hyunseo Yoon ) 한국무용과학회 2022 한국무용과학회지 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 소방공무원 대상 해피아트테라피(Happy Arts Therapy: 이하 H.A.T.)프로그램의 적용 사례를 통해 소방공무원의 정신건강 문제 예방을 위한 통합예술치유 프로그램의 효과적인 적용 방안을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이에 이 연구는 2018년 8월부터 2020년 2월까지 서울소방재난본부 소속 소방학교와 소방서·119안전센터에서 787명의 소방공무원을 대상으로 총 88회 시행된 H.A.T.프로그램을 연구하기 위해 다양한 정보원들을 활용하여 상세하고 심층적으로 보고하는 사례연구 방법을 통해 ‘H.A.T. 프로그램의 구성과정’과 ‘프로그램 참여경험의 의미’ 및 ‘평가내용’을 분석하였다. 첫째, 소방공무원 대상 H.A.T. 프로그램의 내용 구성은 윤혜선(2009)이 개발한 H.A.T. 프로그램의 기본 구조를 기반으로 소방공무원의 특성을 반영하여 ‘긍정적 대인관계’, ‘스트레스 해소’, ‘자기이해’, ‘심리적 회복탄력성 증진’을 프로그램 내용 구성의 주안점으로 도출하였다. 또한 소방공무원 대상 H.A.T. 프로그램의 체계적인 운영 시스템 구축을 위하여 운영과정에 참여한 구성원들은 상호 협력 관계를 통해 역할분담과 환경구축 과정에서 지속적으로 협의하여 운영 체계를 구성하였다. 둘째, 소방공무원의 H.A.T. 프로그램 참여 경험의 의미를 범주화하여 분석한 결과, ‘동료 간의 소통 및 유대감 경험’, ‘심리적·신체적 회복의 경험’, ‘자기 이해의 경험’으로 분류 할 수 있었다. 셋째, 이 연구에서 H.A.T. 프로그램의 평가는 참여 기관 자체 평가자료와 언론보도, 참여자 평가와 운영 구성원의 평가 자료를 중심으로 평가사항을 분석하였는데, 이를 통해 프로그램에 대한 소방기관의 긍정적인 평가를 확인하였고, 차후 프로그램 운영과정의 개선방안을 탐색하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 소방공무원의 정신건강을 위한 예술치유 프로그램 및 심리지원 프로그램의 효과적인 적용방안을 모색하는 연구의 기초자료로 활용되길 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to explore effective application plans for integrated art healing program to prevent mental health problems in fire-fighting officers through the application cases of the Happy Arts Therapy(Hereinafter referred to as H.A.T.) program for fire-fighting officers in this study. Accordingly, in this study ‘the composition process of the H.A.T. program’, ‘meaning of program participation experience’, and ‘evaluation contents’ were conducted in order to study the H.A.T. program implemented a total of 88 times through a case study method that uses various sources of information. The subjects of the study are 787 fire-fighting officers at a fire school, fire station, and 119 Safety Center belonging to the Seoul Fire and Disaster Headquarter from Aug. 2018 to Feb. 2020. The results are as follows. First, the content composition of the H.A.T. program for fire-fighting officers was mainly drawn as ‘positive interpersonal relationship’, ‘relieve stress’, ‘self-understanding’, and ‘promote psychological resilience’ reflecting the characteristics of fire-fighting officers based on the basic structure of the H.A.T. program developed by Hye-Sun Yoon(2009). In addition, members who participated in the operating process continuously consulted in the process of division of roles and environmental construction through mutual cooperation in order to establish a systematic operation system for the H.A.T. program for fire-fighting officers. Second, it could be classified into ‘communication and bonding experience between colleagues’, ‘psychological and physical recovery experience’, and ‘self-understanding experience’ as a result of categorizing and analyzing the meaning of participation experience in the H.A.T. program of fire-fighting officers. Third, the evaluation of the H.A.T. program was analyzed focusing on proprietary evaluation data of participating agencies, media reports, participant evaluations, and evaluation data from the operation members in this study. A positive evaluation of the program was confirmed by the fire institution and a plan to improve the program operation process in the future was explored. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for research seeking effective application of art healing programs and psychological support programs for the mental health of fire-fighting officers in the future.

Protective Effects of N-acetylcystenine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in Rats

Yeo-sung Yoon,Sun-don Kim,Min-hye Lee,Heung-shik S.Lee,In-se Lee,Je-kyung Sung,Eun-sung Park 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in RatsEun-sung Park, Sun-don Kim1, Min-hye Lee, Heung-shik S. Lee, In-se Lee, Je-kyung Sung and Yeo-sung Yoon*

치매환자 조호자를 위한 교육지지프로그램의 효과성에 관한 비교연구

송 흡(Heup Song),강재명(Jae Myeong Kang),김병규(Steven B. Kim),조성진(Seong Jin Cho),윤선경(Seon kyung Yun),윤혜진(Hye jin Yoon),연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon) 대한노인정신의학회 2017 노인정신의학 Vol.21 No.1

Objective:We studied the effect of Hyu-Sig-Gong-Gan and Hye-Ah-Rim on several evaluations and compared the two programs. We then investigated factors associated with the difference between pre- and post-ratings. Methods:Thirty-six patients were randomized to Hyu-Sig-Gong-Gan (n=23) or Hye-Ah-Rim (n=13). We tested for the effect of each program on several evaluations and compared the two programs through Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS)-intelligence, DAS-comfort and DAS-total. We then investigated whether the difference between pre- and post-rating depends on other factors. Results:We observed significant positive effect of Hyu-Sig-Gong-Gan on DAS-comfort (t=1.843, p=0.039) and significant positive effect of Hye-Ah-Rim on ZBI (t=-2.327, p=0.019), DAS-comfort (t=2.241, p=0.022), and EuroQol-5 Dimensions-Visual Analogue Scale (t=2.537, p=0.013). For comparing the two programs, we found a lack of evidence for the difference in any of the five commonly observed evaluations. In the secondary analysis, we observed a strong trend that the two programs were particularly effective for caregivers with negative pre-ratings. Conclusion:The two programs showed positive effects on the various evaluations, but some evaluations could not reach statistical significance. The programs appear to be particularly helpful for those who are in need before the program participation.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

유지의 종류와 2-Acetylaminofluorene 투여가 흰쥐의 혈청 지질조성에 미치는 영향

윤혜진,김정희 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

지방산의 종류와 발암물질의 투여는 흰쥐의 혈청 중성지질이나 cholesterol 함량 등에 다른 영향을 미치고 있음이 알려져왔다. 그러나 아직도 그 기전에 대해서는 확실히 밝혀지고 있지 않은 실정이므로 본 연구에서는 우지, 옥수수유, 들깨유를 사용하여 발암물질을 투여하고 11주간 사육한 후에 혈청 지질 조성이 어떻게 영향을 받는지를 연구하였다. 1. 체중은 우지군이 옥수수유군이나 들깨유군보다 유의성 있게 높았으며, 발암물질을 투여한 군들에서 유의성 있게 낮아졌다. 체중당 간무게로 환산했을 때 발암물질 투여에 의하여 유의성있게 증가되었다. 2. 혈청의 중성지방 함량은 들깨유군이 우지군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며 그 순서는 우지군, 옥수수유군, 들깨유군의 순으로 낮았다. 3. 혈청의 cholesterol 함량은 들깨유군이 우지군이나 옥수수균에 비하여 유의성 있게 낮았다. 4. 발암물질 투여에 의하여 우지군, 옥수수유군에서는 혈청중성지방이나 cholesterol 함량에 유의적인 감소가 있었으나, 들깨유군에서는 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 5. 혈청의 HDL-cholesterol의 함량은 유지의 종류와 발암물질의 투여 여부에 따른 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 6. 혈청의 인지질 함량은 우지군, 옥수수유군, 들깨유군의 순으로 낮아졌으나 발암물질 투여에 있는 유의적인 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 그러므로 n-3 지방산인 들깨유의 섭취는 혈청 cholesterol 양이나 중성지질의 양을 감소시킴에 따라 심장순환계의 예방 식이로 바람직함을 알 수 있었고 아울러 발암물질 투여시 혈청 지질대사에서 다른 유지와는 다른 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었으므로 암예방에 좋은 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Number of studies revealed that treatments of different dietary oil and carcinogen affect differently on the serum composition of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley weaning rats were fed on semi-synthetic diets containing 15% beef tallow(BT), corn oil (CO) or perilla oil(PO). Three weeks later, the half of rats in each diet group were injected with a single dose of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF 50mg/kg body weight) as a carcinogen. The injection was conducted 3 times on every other days. After 11 weeks of experimental diet, the present study examined both effects of the different dietary fats and the carcinogen injection on serum lipid levels. The body weight of BT groups was higher than that of either CO or PO groups and it decreased with the carcinogen treatment. Also, the liver weight per body weight significantly increased with the carcinogen treatment. The serum triglyceride level of PO groups was significantly lower than that of BT groups. The serum total cholesterol level was also significantly lower in PO groups than other two gruops. Interestingly by carcinogen treatment, serum TG and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in BT or CO groups whereas not significantly decreased in PO groups. However, the serum HDL-cholesterol level was not affected by either different dietary oil or carcinogen treatment. The serum phospholipid levels of PO groups were also significantly lower than that of BT groups. However, it was not affected by carcinogen treatment. Overall results suggest that PO as a source of n-3 fatty acids have a lowing effect on serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels. In addition, PO feeding differs from BT or CO feeding in terms of the change in serum lipid levels during hepatocarcinogenesis.

옥수수유 및 정어리유 섭취가 발암물질을 투여한 흰쥐에서의 혈청 중성지질 및 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향

윤혜진,김정희 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

지방산의 종류는 암의 생성과정 뿐만 아니라 암화과정의 억제 및 촉진에 다른 영향을 미치고 있음이 알려져왔다. 그러나 아직도 그 기전에 대해서는 확실히 밝혀지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 n-3 지방산인 정어리유 섭취시에는 n-6 지방산인 옥수수유와는 다른 영향을 미칠 것이라고 생각되므로 발암물질을 투여하여 12주간 사육하는 동안에 4, 6, 8, 12주에 각각 sampling을 하여 혈청 지질조성이 어떻게 영향을 받는지를 연구하였다. 1. 체중은 옥수수유군 보다 정어리유군에서 높은 경향을 보였고 발암물질 투여시에는 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 특히 발암물질 투여시 간의 비대화와 섬유화가 대부분의 섬유화가 대부분의 실험쥐에서 관찰 되었다. 2. 혈청의 중성지방 함량은 유지의 종류와 발암물질의 투여 여부에 따른 현저한 차이를 보였는데, 정어리유군에서 옥수수유군 보다 유의성있게 낮았으면 발암물질 투여군에서 낮아졌다. 분석시기에 따른 변화는 4주에서는 정어리유군에서 옥수수유군 보다 유의성 있게 낮았고 발암물질 투여에 의하여 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 6주군에는 군간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 8주에는 SO군에서 감소되었고 CO-CAR군에서는 유의적으로 증가되었으며, 12주에는 CO군만이 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 3. 혈청의 콜레스테롤 함량은 정어리유군에서 유의성 있게 낮았으며 발암물질 투여에 의한 차이는 6주와 8주에는 발암물질 투여군에서 낮아졌다가 12주에는 반대로 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 분석시기에 따른 변화는 발암물질을 투여하지 않은 군은 6주에서 증가하고 12주까지 계속 감소되는 경향을 보이는데 반해서 발암물질을 투여한 군은 주별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 12주에는 발암물질을 투여하지 않은 군에 비하여 오히려 높은 결과를 보여 주었다. 4. HDL-cholesterol의 함량은 옥수수군에 비하여 정어리유군에서 유의성 있게 낮았으나 발암물질 투여에 의한 효과는 6주와 8주에는 발암물질 투여군에서 유의성있게 낮아졌으나 4주와 12주에는 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 시기에 따른 변화는 4주에는 정어리유군에서 낮았고, 6주와 8주에는 CO군에서 증가되었으며, 12주에는 발암물질 투여구에서 증가하는 경향을 보여 SO군에서 유의성 있게 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 EPA나 DHA를 많이 함유한 정어리유의 섭취는 혈청 cholesterol양이나 중성지질의 양을 감소시킴에 따라 심장순환계 질환의 예방 식이로 바람직함을 알 수 있었고 아울러 발암물질 투여시 혈청 지질대사에 옥수수유와는 다른 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었으므로 암예방에 좋은 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The present study examined effects of sardine oil rich in n-3 fatty acids and corn oil rich in n-6 fatty acides on serum lipid levels in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis system. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either 15% corn oil or sardine oil. Two weeks after feeding, the rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (200mg/kg body weight). From 4 week, rats were given 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) in diet for 4 weeks. At 6 week, 0.05% phenobarbital(PB) was added to the diets until the end of experiment. Samplings were conducted at 4,6,8, and 12 week. Body weight of sardine oil (SO) group tends to be higher than that of corn oil (CO) group at all sacrifice time although the effect was not significant. However the body weight was decreased by carcinogen treatment. Serum triglyceride (TG) level of SO group was lower than that of CO group at 4,8 and 12 week. By carcinogen treatment, the serum TG level was significantly increased at 8 week but decreased at 12 week. Such effect was greater in CO feeding group. Serum total cholesterol level of SO group was also lower than that of CO group at all weeks. The change pattern for serum total cholesterol level by DEN, 2-AAF and PB treatment was similar irrespective of dietary oil. Interestingly at 8 week serum total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by carcinogen treatment in CO feeding group while not significantly decreased in SO feeding group. However at 12 week serum total cholesterol level was significantly increased by carcinogen treatment. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of So group were lower than that of CO group. Serum HDL-cholesterol level of carcinogen untreated group was increased up to 6 week, and then remain constant after that. But HDL-cholesterol level of carcinogen treated group was lower than that of carcinogen untreated group at both 6 and 8 week and then increased at 12 week. Overall results indicate that fish oil not only has a lowering effect on both serum cholesterol and triglyceride level but also differs from corn oil in terms of the changes in serum lipid metabolism during hepatocarcinogenesis.