Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Extended Culture of Bone Marrow with Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Generates Immunosuppressive Cells

Na, Hye Young,Sohn, Moah,Ryu, Seul Hye,Choi, Wanho,In, Hyunju,Shin, Hyun Soo,Park, Chae Gyu 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.

<P>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) are generated from bone marrow (BM) cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for a week. In this study we investigated the effect of duration on the BM culture with GM-CSF. Within several months, the cells in the BM culture gradually expressed homogeneous levels of CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II on surface, and they became unable to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, when the BM culture were sustained for 32 wk or longer, the BM cells acquired ability to suppress the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in MLR as well as the response of ovalbumin-specific OT-I transgenic T cells in antigen-dependent manner. We found that, except for programmed death-ligand 1, most cell surface molecules were expressed lower in the BM cells cultured with GM-CSF for the extended duration. These results indicate that BM cells in the extended culture with GM-CSF undergo 2 distinct steps of functional change; first, they lose the immunostimulatory capacity; and next, they gain the immunosuppressive ability.</P>

〈권익중전〉에 수용된 동정호의 양상과 의미

김나혜(Kim, Na-Hye) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.139

〈Tale of Kwon Ik-jung〉 follows the life of two generations. Kwon Ik-jung and Kwon Seon-dong and develops as an independent narrative in one literary work, referred to as 〈Tale of Kwon Seon-dong〉. In this work, a variety of stories are developed with gyeolyeondham, boksudham, jaesangdham, and jingajangjoodham. The work space Dongting Lake is located at a major point that is interlinked and connected with several narratives. In Dongting Lake, Kwon Ik-jung is saved after attempting to commit suicide when he is reunited with the spirits of Lee Chun-hwa, described as the space conceiving new life. In other words, the Dongting Lake is presented as a space where an ideal world directly interacts with the real world: it connects a place of hermits to the mundane world. Dongting Lake has the character of an ideal space based on Chinese history and culture, and it is transformed into our space, not Chinese space. Therefore, Dongting Lake in 〈Tale of Kwon Ik-jung〉 is not to be the mediated space for meeting with Yi Bi, but is rather converted into the place to meet Lee Chun-hwa. This can be regarded as significant of the spatial background of 〈Tale of Kwon Ik-jung〉, and shows how much the characters enjoy the fact that Chinese space is fully converted into our space here.

Gitelman 증후군 환자에서 면역조직화학법으로 확인한 원위세관 sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT)의 결손

장혜련 ( Hye Ryoun Jang ),허남주 ( Nam Ju Heo ),손민정 ( Min Jung Son ),이재욱 ( Jay Wook Lee ),이정환 ( Jeong Hwan Lee ),전은실 ( Un Sil Jeon ),신성준 ( Sung Jun Shin ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),주권욱 ( Kwon Wook Joo ),이정상 ( Jun 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회지 Vol.69 No.6

목적 : Gitelman 증후군은 저포타시움혈증, 대사성 알칼리증, 고레닌혈증, 고알도스테론혈증, 요 중 칼슘 배설의 저하 및 저마그네슘혈증을 특징으로 하는 유전성 질환이다. 이는 원위세관 sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT)의 유전자 돌연변이에 의하여 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 사람의 신조직에서 NCCT 결손이 증명된 바는 없었다. 방법 : 저자들은 임상적으로 Gitelman 증후군이 의심되는 환자에서 이뇨제를 이용한 신청소율 검사와 유전자 검사를 시행하였고, 이를 통하여 감별진단한 Gitelman 증후군 환자의 신조직에서 인간 NCCT에 대한 토끼 다클론 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. 신세포암으로 신적출술을 시행 받은 환자의 정상 신조직과 전해질 이상이 없었던 사구체신염 환자의 신조직을 각각 정상 대조군과 질환 대조군으로 하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자는 저포타시움혈증과 대사성 알칼리증, 저마그네슘혈증 및 요 중 칼슘 배설의 저하를 보였다. Bartter 증후군과 감별을 위하여 furosemide 및 hydrochlorothiazide를 이용한 신청소율 검사를 시행하였다. 수분 부하를 시행한 기저치(86.1%)에 비해서 furosemide를 투여한 후 distal fractional chloride reabsorption이 감소하였으나(9.7%) hydrochlorothiazide 투여 후에는 변화가 없었다(81.4%). 유전자 검사 결과 SLC12A3 유전자의 돌연변이(S967F)가 발견되었다. 신조직에서 면역조직화학법을 시행한 결과 정상 및 질환 대조군에서는 원위세관 세포의 내강 막 쪽에 NCCT가 뚜렷이 염색되었으나, Gitelman 증후군에서는 원위세관 세포의 NCCT에 대한 면역 반응성이 관찰되지 않았다. 반면에 Na/K-ATPase, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, calbindin-D28K는 대조군과 대상 환자의 신조직에서 모두 관찰되었다. 결론 : 기능적 검사로 진단된 Gitelman 증후군 환자의 신조직에서 NCCT의 결함을 면역조직화학법으로 확인하였다. Background : Gitelman`s syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. It is known to be caused by a mutation of SLC12A3 gene coding the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT) in the distal tubule. The defect of NCCT in human renal tissues has not been investigated, and we tested whether the defect of NCCT can be detected in renal tissue of a patient with Gitelman`s syndrome by using immunohistochemistry. Methods : In an adult patient with Gitelman`s syndrome, blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters. Renal clearance study and gene analysis were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the renal tissue of the patient using a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion in the amino terminal tail for human NCCT. Normal human renal tissues from surgical nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma and renal biopsy tissues from patients with glomerulonephritis but without any electrolyte disturbance were used as controls. Results : The patient had hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia. Renal clearance study revealed a decrease in distal fractional chloride reabsorption after the administration of furosemide. SLC12A3 gene mutation (S967F) was found by direct sequencing method. Immunohistochemistry showed the absence of NCCT staining in the renal tissue of the patient. On the other hand, the immunostaining of other transporters was all positive in renal tissues from both Gitelman`s syndrome patients and controls. Conclusions : We report the absence of intact NCCT in the renal tissue of a Gitelman`s syndrome patient.(Korean J Med 69:642-650, 2005)

고 Na 섭취가 Ca섭취 수준을 달리한 흰쥐의 Ca 이용과 뼈의 강도에 미치는 영향

임재연,나혜복 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high sodium chloride intake on bone metabolism in rats consuming different level of calcium. 60 male rats were divided into six dietary groups and were fed to rats with deronized water for 6 weeks. Higher sodium intake groups had shorter bone length than normal sodium intake group, but high sodium intake had no effect on the bone weight and strength, It is suggested that high sodium intake may be barmful for bonehealth. Therfore, the decrease of salt intake to the level of recommendation would be desirable.

대학생의 쇼핑성향에 따른 백화점 의복 판매원의 평가 속성

김혜영,박하나,유연옥,이지혜,박혜선 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 自然科學論文集 Vol.15 No.1

A Na⁺-coupled C₄-dicarboxylate transporter (Asuc_0304) and aerobic growth of <i>Actinobacillus succinogenes</i> on C₄-dicarboxylates

Rhie, Mi Na,Yoon, Hyo Eun,Oh, Hye Yun,Zedler, Sandra,Unden, Gottfried,Kim, Ok Bin Society for General Microbiology 2014 Microbiology Vol.160 No.7

<P><I>Actinobacillus succinogenes</I>, which is known to produce large amounts of succinate during fermentation of hexoses, was able to grow on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates such as fumarate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth on fumarate was stimulated by glycerol and the major product was succinate, indicating the involvement of fumarate respiration similar to succinate production from glucose. The aerobic growth on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates and the transport proteins involved were studied. Fumarate was oxidized to acetate. The genome of <I>A. succinogenes</I> encodes six proteins with similarity to secondary C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate transporters, including transporters of the Dcu (C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake), DcuC (C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake C), DASS (divalent anion : sodium symporter) and TDT (tellurite resistance dicarboxylate transporter) family. From the cloned genes, Asuc_0304 of the DASS family protein was able to restore aerobic growth on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates in a C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate-transport-negative <I>Escherichia coli</I> strain. The strain regained succinate or fumarate uptake, which was dependent on the electrochemical proton potential and the presence of Na<SUP>+</SUP>. The transport had an optimum pH ~7, indicating transport of the dianionic C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates. Transport competition experiments suggested substrate specificity for fumarate and succinate. The transport characteristics for C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake by cells of aerobically grown <I>A. succinogenes</I> were similar to those of Asuc_0304 expressed in <I>E. coli</I>, suggesting that Asuc_0304 has an important role in aerobic fumarate uptake in <I>A. succinogenes</I>. Asuc_0304 has sequence similarity to bacterial Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dicarboxylate cotransporters and contains the carboxylate-binding signature. Asuc_0304 was named SdcA (<U>s</U>odium-coupled C<SUB>4</SUB>-<U>d</U>i<U>c</U>arboxylate transporter from <I><U>A</U></I>. <I>succinogenes</I>).</P>

Facile and fast Na-ion intercalation employing amorphous black TiO_2-x/C composite nanofiber anodes

Lee, Na-Won,Jung, Ji-Won,Lee, Jun-Seo,Jang, Hye-Yeon,Kim, Il-Doo,Ryu, Won-Hee Elsevier 2018 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.263 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Structural and electronic modification of titanium oxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanomaterials induced by the co-introduction of fully disordered glass phase and oxygen vacancies can lead to remarkable advances in the electrode performance in emerging energy storage systems. We report on the effective co-creation of fully amorphous nanofibers (NFs) composed of black TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB> and conductive carbons throughout the NF structure, and evaluate the materials as potential anodes in sodium-ion batteries. The black TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB> nanofiber is successfully fabricated by electrospinning a precursor solution followed by a two-step sequential thermal treatment in an air and reducing atmosphere. The NF electrode could deliver approximately two-fold higher 2nd discharge capacity and an excellent kinetic performance even under high rates compared to that delivered by anatase-structured white TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs used as reference, because of (i) an inherent free volume in the glass phase corresponding to the enlarged Na<SUP>+</SUP> sites, (ii) increased electrical conductivity (low bandgap) resulting from the presence of Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>, (iii) introduction of conductive carbon agents around the TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB> domain, and (iv) one-dimensional NF feature allowing numerous Na<SUP>+</SUP> reaction sites at the electrochemical interface. We also elucidate the morphological and structural changes in the nanofibers after discharge and charge by <I>ex-situ</I> characterizations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We succeed in co-creating amorphous nanofiber structure composed of black TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB> and conductive carbons. </LI> <LI> Black TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB>/carbon nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning followed by a two-step thermal treatment. </LI> <LI> Black TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB>/carbon nanofiber delivers excellent electrochemical performance compared to those of anatase TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofiber. </LI> <LI> The benefits and reaction mechanism of the black TiO<SUB>2-x</SUB>/carbon nanofiber anode in the Na-ion cell operation is elucidated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Glyoxal-induced exacerbation of pruritus and dermatitis is associated with <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> colonization in the skin of a rat model of atopic dermatitis

Han, Rafael Taeho,Kim, Hye Young,Ryu, Hyun,Jang, Wooyoung,Cha, Seung Ha,Kim, Hyo Young,Lee, JaeHee,Back, Seung Keun,Kim, Hee Jin,Na, Heung Sik Elsevier 2018 Journal of dermatological science Vol.90 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with hyperreactivity to environmental triggers. Among those, outdoor air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been reported to aggravate pre-existing AD. However, underlying mechanisms of air pollution-induced aggravation of AD have hardly been studied.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which glyoxal, a PM-forming organic compound, exacerbates the symptoms of AD induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Naïve and AD rats had been exposed to either fresh air or vaporized glyoxal for 5 weeks (2 h/day and 5 days/week) since one week of age. Pruritus and dermatitis were measured every week. The skin and blood were collected and immunological traits such as Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, production of antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulin, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Exposure to glyoxal aggravated pruritus and dermatitis in AD rats, but did not induce any symptoms in naïve rats. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization was increased in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. Expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 and β-defensin-2 was also increased by exposure to glyoxal in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. The mRNA expression of Th1-related cytokines was elevated on exposure to glyoxal. However, serum immunoglobulin production was not significantly changed by exposure to glyoxal.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>In AD rats, exposure to glyoxal exacerbated pruritus and cutaneous inflammation, which was associated with increased colonization of <I>S. aureus</I> and subsequent immunological alterations in the skin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal aggravated the symptoms in AD rats, but did not induce AD in naïve rats. </LI> <LI> <I>S. aureus</I> skin colonization and subsequent expression of antimicrobial peptides were increased after exposure to glyoxal. </LI> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal elevated the production of Th1-related cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ in the AD lesional skin. </LI> </UL> </P>