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당뇨병 치료를 위한 SGLT2 억제제의 심혈관계 안전성 관련 최근 임상시험 결과고찰
김혜럼, 한나영, 유미선, 권광일, 윤휘열 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2017 藥學論文集 Vol.32 No.-
Patients with type 2 diabetes have a two-to three-times greater risk of developing car-diovascular disease than people without diabetes, and the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease is also reported to increase. The reason why cardiovascular disease is more common in type 2 diabetic patients is not only that cardiovascular risk factors are more common than non-diabetic patients, but also that diabetes itself is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Since rosiglitazone. which was introduced as a treatment for type 2 diabetes in 2000, has been argued to increase cardiovascular disease sluch as myocardial infarction. there were clinical trials of cardiovascular safety of it such as DREAM. ADOPT and RECORD. As a result. rosiglitazone has been banned due to the risk of cardiovascular disease. The US FDA and other regulatory agencies have required clinical trials for type 2 diabetes treatments afterward. 1n this study. it is reviewed that recently developed SGL T2 inhibitors has cardiovascular benefits as a novel mechanism of type 2 diabetes treatment. SGL T2 inhibitors inhibit the renal sodium glucose co-transporter(SGLT2), thereby reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing excretion of it. and consequently lowering blood glucose levels. Recent papers on ongoing cardiovascular-related clinical trials of SGL T2 in-hibitors such as CANVAS. CANVAS-R. CREDENCE of canagliflozin, DECLARE-TIMI 58 of dapagliflozin. and EMPA -REG outcomes of empagliflozin were examined thoroughly as well.
양혜영, 이광희, 홍선영, 이정은 신한대학교 2021 신한대학교 논문집 Vol.44 No.-
The purpose of this study is to present basic data necessary for the development of educational programs to improve nurses' medication safety competency by analyzing educational needs. A survey was conducted on 37 clinical nurses at secondary hospitals or higher in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. As a result of analyzing the nurse's medication experience, there were no cases of administering expired drugs, but various medication errors occurred. In addition, nurses had many organizational problems in performing oral prescriptions rather than receiving regular instructions for medication. There were six items that showed the largest statistical difference between the group of important and implementation levels of nurse's medication safety competency. In addition, as a result of the Borich’s demand analysis, the highest priority items were "Measures can be established to prevent recurrence in the event of drug side effects" and "Cases can be analyzed to find the root cause of medication errors." Based on the results of this study, follow-up studies on the development of educational programs that can strengthen nurses' medication competency should be conducted.
박혜진,이상학,이광재,장민혁,박종안 朝鮮大學校 電子情報通信硏究所 2003 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.2
형태 정보는 컨텐츠 기반 하의 시각적 특징 중의 하나이며 영상 정보검색에서 광범위하게 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 물체 윤곽선의 반경 벡터함수를 이용한 스타형 및 비스타형 2D 형태인식을 위한 효과적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 알고리즘에서 무게중심은 형태의 기준점이 되며 축의 중심으로부터 반경벡터는 주요 특징벡터가 된다. 이를 위한 코너 포인트는 노드로 표시되고, 정규화 거리는 중심점에서 노드까지의 상대적 거리비로 규정한다. 데이터베이스에서 유사 물체와 조회 물체 사이의 중심에서 코너 거리까지의 기하학적 거리가 형상 정합을 위한 유크리드 거리 값으로 정합평가에 이용된다.
국내·외 관련 제도 및 실태분석을 통한 한국형 장애인 자립생활센터의 계획방향에 관한 연구
강지혜,윤영삼,김상운,성기창,박광재,강병근 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.2
The wealth of Korean disability people’s paradigm has developed by the meaning of whole rehabilitation of the small society for acception and protection. Today, that meaning has been changed to make and choose disability people’s future plans by themselves. The CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea has been accepted through the American and Japanese’s activity systems with no objection. Following result of the real reserching, because the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in Korea have no legal basement, so there are little support for these centers and no proper rules and check systems. Therefore, we have to make the legal basement of CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING and separate by each parts of system and to specialize about them. That means, each parts of system have to mark role mode for doing well, and each systems have to develop new programs and services, and to specialize for in Korea. To add, we should have more small CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING in each area, and the CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING which are already started should make network system to contact with other centers in society for giving support of proper information.
박광동,안완식,김혜영 한국운동역학회 2001 한국운동역학회지 Vol.11 No.3
This study has carried out a survey on the motion staying in the air at the uneven bars by 3 successful female and 3 national level male champions in order to verify whether or not the Horizontal Bar developed Tkatchev motion can be applied to the Uneven Bars for the purpose to utilize such principles at guiding champions. This study were sampled to be photographed by 100 frames/sec, using a 16mm high-speed camera. 11 joint points of their bodies were digitized by each two frames, while the data developed by Kown Young-hoo for a 2D analysis were used to analyze the programmed data in a kinematic way. The activity has resulted in as follows. To summarize the above, in the event that we accelerate the vertical ascension velocity of phase D.V.P at the Uneven Bars, and then make a small extension by lifting the vertical position at phase Rel., we could take stable T.B posture lifting the vertical position both at phase P.H and T.B. This kind of motion was determined to be able to apply the a promoted type of Tkatchev motion of the Horizontal Bar to the exercise of the Uneven Bars.
모멘트 변화에 따른 브라켓과 교정용 선재 사이의 마찰력 변화
정혜진,임성훈,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 모멘트 변화에 따른 건조 환경과 타액 환경에서의 스테인리스강 브라켓과 여러 종류의 교정용 선재 사이의 마찰력을 비교하는 것이었다. 실험에는 0.022" × 0.028" 스테인리스강 브라켓과 0.019" × 0.025" 스테인리스강, 베타-티타늄, 니켈-티타늄 선재가 사용되었다. 활주 이동될 브라켓에는 0.9 mm 직경의 스테인리스강 선재로 제작된 길이 10 mm의 레버를 부착하였으며 레버에 100 g, 200 g의 추를 부착함으로써 브라켓에 각각 1000 g·mm (100 g × 10 mm), 2000 g·mm (200 g × 10 mm)의 모멘트를 가하고 만능시험기를 이용하여 마찰력을 측정하였다. 모든 조건에서 스테인리스강 선재가 가장 작은 마찰력을 보였으며 베타-티타늄과 니켈-티타늄 선재 사이에서는 2000 g·mm 모멘트의 인공타액 하의 조건에서를 제외하고는 마찰력의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 모든 선재에서 모멘트가 1000 g·mm인 때보다 2000 g·mm일 때 마찰력이 더 컸다. 건조 환경과 타액 환경의 비교에 있어서 1000 g·mm의 모멘트 하에서 인공타액에 의해 스테인리스강 선재의 마찰력은 증가하였으나 베타-티타늄과 니켈-티타늄의 마찰력은 증가하지 않았으며, 2000 g·mm의 모멘트 하에서 인공타액에 의해 모든 종류의 선재에서 마찰력이 증가하였다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare changes in frictional resistance between the bracket and wire under dry and wet conditions according to a change in moment. Methods: A stainless steel bracket of 0.022" × 0.028" slot, and 0.019" × 0.025" stainless steel, beta-titanium, and nickel-titanium wires were used. A 10 mm length lever was attached to the test (sliding) brackets to generate a moment. The experimental model was designed to allow tipping until contacts were established between the wire and the mesiodistal edges of the bracket slot. The moment was generated by suspending a 100 g or 200 g weight on the end of the lever. The moments applied were 1000 g·mm (100 g × 10 mm) and 2000 g·mm (200 g × 10 mm). The test brackets were ligated with elastomeric ligature for a constant ligation force and the fixed brackets were ligated with stainless steel ligature. Brackets were moved along the wire by means of an universal testing machine, and maximum frictional resistances were recorded. Results: Stainless steel wire showed least frictional resistance and there was no significant difference between beta-titanium and nickel-titanium except at 2000 g·mm moment in wet conditions. Frictional resistance of all wires increased as the moment increased from 1000 g·mm to 2000 g·mm. Under wet conditions, the frictional resistance of stainless steel wires increased in both 1000 g·mm and 2000 g·mm moment conditions, but frictional resistance of nickel-titanium and beta-titanium increased only in 2000 g·mm conditions. Conclusion: These results indicated that various conditions influence on frictional resistance. Therefore, laboratory studies of frictional resistance should simulate clinical situation.
조혜진,이경하,이세준,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4
Compomer is composed of matrix and filler; matrix is made of the combination of resins and polycarboxylic molecules that are light-cured. and a filler is a glass component which is capable of ion-release. The resin content of compomers produces polymerization shrinkage which can adversely affect marginal adaptation. Pretreatment is a fundamental step which is treated with conditioner or primer in the use of these materials. Microleakage of restorative materials has been investigated mostly by dye penetration method. Dye penetration method was not quantitative and not measured repeatedly. Fluid filtration method. introduced and developed by Pashley's group, has been extensively used for 20 years for research purpose to understand the physiology of dentin, as well as the effects of various restorative treatments on dentin permeability. It permits quantitative, nondestructive measurment of microleakage in a longitudinal manner. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change the change of dentin permeability according to the process of compomer restoration. In this study, CI Ⅴ cavities were prepared on buccal surface of thirty extracted human molars. The prepared cavities were etched by 37% phosphoric acid. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was treated with following materials; Group 1 : Prime & Bond NT/Dyract AP, Group 2: Single Bond/F2000 compomer, Group 3 : Syntac Single Component/Compoglass. The bonding agent and compomer were applied for each group following manufactures information. Dentin permeability of each group was measured at each process by fluid filtration method; Step 1 : preparation(smear layer), Step 2 : etching(smear layer removal), Step 3 : applying the bonding agent, Step 4 : filling the compomer. Dentin permeability was expressed by hydraulic conductance(㎕ min^-1cmH_2O^-1). The data were analysed statistically using One-way ANOVA and Sheffe's method. The results were as follows : 1. Dentin permeability differences between each process were significant except between step 1 and step 2(p<0.01). 2. Dentin permeability after removal of smear layer was highly increased(p<0.01). 3. In most case, decrease of dentin permeability was obtained by applying bonding agent(p<0.01). 4. Dentin permeability differences among the experimental groups were not significant(p>0.05). 5. None of compomers used in this study showed perfect seal at the interface.
유아특수교육 기관의 개별화교육프로그램 운영실태 및 개선 방안
조광순,전병운,박혜준,홍은숙 국립특수교육원 2005 특수교육연구 Vol.12 No.1
본 연구에서는 유아특수교육교사 8명과의 심층면담과 30개의 IEP 문서 분석을 통해, 특수교육진흥법 상의 규정과 유아특수교육 추천 실제에 따른 IEP의 질적 수준을 알아보았다. 연구결과 특수학급 교사의 경우 유치원 교육과정과의 연계가 부족한 IEP를 작성하여 운영하고 있으며, 개별화교육운영위원회는 실질적으로 소집되지 못하고 있고, IEP의과정에 보호자의 참여 정도는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 IEP 내용은 유아의 현 수행수준에 근거한 장 · 단기 목표의 기술을 제외하고는 상당히 형식적이고 제한적이어서 IEP 운영에 도움을 주지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 특수교육진흥법 상에 규정되어 있지는 않지만 실제 현장에서는 가족지원이 다양한 방식으로 이루어지고 있으며, 다학문적 팀의 구성과 구성원들 간의 협력은 교사에 따라, 또는 기관에 따라 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반 유치원 프로그램의 일일 계획안과 IEP와의 연계, 발달적 교육과정과 유치원 교육과정과의 연계, 목표의 수정, 개별화교육운영위원회의 협력적 참여, 객관성 있는 수행 평가 면에서 유아특수교육교사들은 어려움을 나타내 보였으며, IEP 작성과 운영에 따른 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 표준화된 IEP 양식 또는 구조화된 IEP와 평가준거의 예가 제시된 IEP 모델이 필요한 것으로 교사들은 제안하고 있다. Various research has identified a number of problems with individualized education program (IEP) development and implementation among schools, including a lack of adequate teacher training, poorly developed team processes, minimal coordination with general education, and failure to develop measurable goals and objectives to evaluate child achievements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality levels of IEPs implemented in early childhood special education (ECSE) settings based on recommended ECSE practices and requirements of the Korean Special Education Enhancement Act. Through an in-depth focus group interview with eight ECSE teachers from eight different programs and an analysis of 30 IEPs, the study investigated: 1) how regulations on IEP development and implementation of the Special Education Enhancement Act, specifically regulations on IEP team organization and implementation, parent participation, and IEP contents, are interpreted in ECSE programs; 2) how ECSE program professionals collaborate with families and how family supports are provided; 3) how a multidisciplinary approach is put into practice and effective levels of collaboration among IEP team members; 4) ECSE teacher suggestions for solving problems with IEP development and implementation, and for improving practices. The results indicate that special education classroom teachers of regular kindergarten programs develop and implement IEPs that are irrelevant to their curricular. IEP procedural deficits were found in the area of team process. It was found that the ECSE programs lack a multidisciplinary team approach when developing and implementing IEPs. Overall, parental participation was not ensured even though regulations require IEP teams to include parental requests in IEPs and implement their signed IEPs. Key personnel such as regular early childhood education teachers and therapists were found to be absent from IEP meetings. However, differences were found among the programs in the team process. Programs specialized only for young children with disabilities demonstrated higher levels of team approaches than those of ECSE programs in special schools and regular kindergartens. In this study, limited content of IEPs were found to be developed for young children with disabilities. IEP goals and objectives analyzed in this study were shown to be generally adequate, showing that children's levels of performance information and annual goals were congruent and that measurable goals and objectives were developed. During the in-depth interview, it was learned that ECSE teachers provide support to children and families, coordinating services in the community for children with disabilities. The results of this study also show that ECSE teachers in regular kindergarten programs have difficulties in linking IEP goals with their daily instructional plans as well as linking their general curriculum with developmental goals for young children with disabilities. Overall, teachers in this study demonstrated difficulties with modification of IEP goals, facilitating collaborative IEP team participation, and objective monitoring of IEP goals. They suggest that standards for IEP and structured IEP forms be developed. They also suggest that model IEPs be introduced by school districts. The findings of this study suggest that: 1) specific IEP procedures need to be mandated through special education laws and regulations in order to facilitate and monitor team approaches when developing and implementing IEPs in ECSE settings; 2) a coordinated service system is needed to provide comprehensive services to young children with special needs and their families; 3) there is an urgent need for comprehensive curriculum-based assessment tools that reflect various developmental aspects as well as diverse special needs and suggest assessment guidelines; 4) it is important to provide strong pre-service teacher education programs as well as in-service work shops for teachers in order to develope skills in developing meaningful IEP goals and objectives linked to curriculum and daily classroom routines; and 5) IEP model development research should be facilitated.