섬유강화형 포스트를 이용한 치관-치근 파절의 치료: 증례 보고

임화신,라지영,이광희,안소연,김윤희,금기석,이상봉 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture of tooth that contains enamel, dentin and cementum with or without pulp exposure. Generally the fracture lines place obliquely from labial surface, between incisal edge of the crown and marginal gingiva, to palatal surface subgingivally. If the fracture line is located supragingivally, the removal of tooth fragment and supragingival restoration can be performed. In subgingival fracture line, the surgical exposure, orthodontic eruption or surgical eruption can be considered. If the fracture line is too deep to restorate, extraction or decoronation can be selected. In children and adolescents, the extraction should be the last option. Another option to select before extraction is the restoration using fiber-reinforced post and the reattachment of tooth fragment. The fiber-rainforced post enhances the retention and the durability of tooth fragment. The reattachment of crown fragment using resin adhesive system is considered minimal invasive treatment biologically. This case reports the treatment of crown-root fracture using the reattachment of crown fragment and the insertion of fiber-reinforced post. 치관-치근 파절은 법랑질, 상아질, 백악질이 모두 포함된 치아의 파절로, 파절선이 대부분 절단연이나 순측의 변연부 치은 에서 구개측 치은열구 하방으로 사선으로 진행된다. 파절선의 위치가 치은 연상이라면 파절편의 제거 및 치은연상 수복을 시 행하고, 치은 연하라면 파절면의 외과적 노출술, 교정적 정출술, 외과적 정출술을 이용한 치아의 수복이 이루어진다. 그 외에 섬유 강화형 포스트를 삽입하여 치관 수복물의 유지력을 높이고, 레진 접착 시스템을 사용하여 치관 파절편을 재부착함으로 써 생물학적으로 최소한으로 침습적인 치료를 하는 방법도 있다. 만약 파절의 정도가 치은 연하로 깊은 경우 발치나 치관절제 술을 이용한 치근의 유지 등을 고려할 수 있다. 본 증례는 치관-치근파절로 내원한 12세 환아로 섬유강화형 포스트를 사용하여 치관 파절편 재부착을 시행하였으며 양호 한 경과를 보여 이를 보고하는 바이다.

도체의 무조건 안정된 전자파 과도산란 해석

윤희상,이화용,정백호 湖西大學校 工業技術硏究所 2002 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.21 No.-

In the paper, we present a time-domain combined field integral equation(CFIE) formulation for analyzing transient electromagnetic responses from three-dimensional(3-D) closed conducting bodies. Instead of the conventional marching-on in time(MOT) technique, the solution method in this paper is based on the Galerkins method that involves separate spatial and temporal testing procedure. Triangular patch basis functions are used for spatial expansion and testing functions for arbitrarily shaped 3-D structures. The time-domain unknown current coefficient is approximated by using an orthonormal basis function set that is derived from the Laguerre functions. These basis function are also used as temporal testing functions. The method to be described results in very accurate and stable transient responses from conducting objects without an internal resonance. Detailed mathematical steps are included and representative numerical results are presented and compared.

처분장근처에서 침식에의한 Sr 화학종의 평형

조윤정,김성현,이인화,김시욱,고문주,박성규,이범규 조선대학교 환경연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Leaching and adsorption equilibria of Sr Chemical Species from the near field of a repository has been studied in solidified cement with Fe and oxidized Fe. The absorption percent, Ads %, and distribution coefficient, K_d were calculated using equilibrium concentration to predict the extent of leaching and adsorption. In the mixed aqueous solutions the Ads % increase as Cement(C)/Water(W) ratios increase and K_d was decreased for Sr. These behaviors were discussed by adsorption and equilibrium of spiked ions. Oxides Fe promoted adsorption of spiked ions, but pure Fe had no effect. E_h values were also estimated and discussed to elucidate oxidation-reduction environment of experimental system.

뇌간의 부위별 Enkephalin 함량에 미치는 전기침의 영향

김화연,김중수,이종흔 대한구강생물학회 1987 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to clarify the effect of stimulation of meridian or nonmeridian point on content of methionine-enkephalin (MENK), which was related with analgesia, in brainstem. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and a pair of stimulating electrode was inserted into palatal mucosa as nonmeridian point or Ha-gwan which was known as meridian point for control of oro-facial pain. Experimental animals were divided into control, meridian and nonmeridian group, which were subdivided as noxious stimuli group and innocuous stimuli group, respectively. Noxious stimuli were applied with rectangular pulse of 1 msec duration, 5mA and 45 Hz for 30 minutes, and intensity and duration of innocuous stimulation was 200㎂ and 5 msec, respectively. After stimulation of Ha-gwan or palatal mucosa, animals were sacrificed and brain was removed. Brain was separated into midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata immediately. The content of MENK was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. MENK content of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata was not changed by innocuous stimulation of meridian point and decreased by noxious stimulation. Noxious and innocuous stimulation of palatal mucosa produced decrease of MENK in midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. And content of MENK showed no difference between meridian and nonmeridian group. In summary, change of MENK content in brainstem was not influenced by position of peripheral stimulation and depended on intensity of stimulation. Decrease in MENK content of brainstem could be related to analgesic effect of peripheral conditioned-stimulation.

판매수익 극대화를 위한 전략적 객실가격 수립에 관한 연구

김연화 안양대학교 사회과학연구소 1995 社會科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

This study intends to contribute the maximization of the room revenue by raising occupancy rate through off-season's room rate reduction in hotels. The study also suggests and attempts to analyze emprirically new efficiency measurement index such as lodging index, yield ration, and room rate efficiency. In addition, some drawbacks in the former room rate, occupancy rate and revenue are revised into new optimum points for the elastic room rate through marginal analysis with the comparative investigation of the marginal income and the purchase intention demand.

치과 치료시 잉여아말감과 구강폐액내의 수은함량 추산과 잉여아말감의 적정관리방안

김연화,박태주,이규훈 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 環境硏究報 Vol.13 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the mercurous content of surplus amalgam and washing solution generated from dental treatment. 300 surplus amalgam and washing solution samples were collected from twenty dental clinics in Taegu. The average mercurous amounts of washing solution and surplus amalgam samples were shown as 0.081 mg/day and 16.81 mg/day, respectively. The Shinchon and Keumho stream were shown as 0.027 mg/L and 1.164 mg/L of mercurous concentration, which would be linked to the 86 dental clinics and industrial complex in the survey area. Based on the annual reports of the medical insurance union, the annual amount of discharged mercury in dental clinics to the sewage was estimated to 9,725.59 g in 1990, 10,223.69 g in 1991, 11,585.12 g in 1992 and 12,188.78 g in 1993. It was founded that the amount of discharged mercury from dental clinics was increased every year and was caused by washing solution and surplus amalgam from dental clinics.

非營利公益團體 設立의 活性化 方案에 관한 硏究 - 財政運營 側面을 中心으로 -

정용화 京畿專門大學 1996 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.24

성경에 나타난 자연관 분석을 통한 환경교육으로의 가치관 접근

김연화 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2002 이화교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

The view of nature manifested in the Bible seeks after harmonization of man and environment, for the order of creation and ethical responsibility of environmental problemes are important. Therefore, environmental education needed to be grafted into the biblical view of nature in order to form environment-friendly values. The purpose of this study is to identify and comprehend the way the Old and New Testaments look at nature and matters related to environmental ethics. This effort likewise seeks to integrate its findings with the seventh grade environmental education in order to constitute new values for environmental ethics. As such, this study is divided into three major phases. In the first stage, efforts are made to draw something about the nature of man, water, and living creatures pursuant to the seventh grade environmental education curriculum. Environmental education in secondary school, ecology in high school, and spheres and contents of environment are then analyzed. In the second stage, natural ecology-related verses are searched and analyzed in 39 Old Testament and 27 New Testament books. In the third stage, items related to nature are investigated in the seventh-grade environmental curriculum and the Old and New Testaments are grafted on the values of environmental ethics for environmental education. As for this study finding, items related to man are found in seven books in the Old Testament including Genesis, items related to water are found in three books, items related to creatures are found in six books, items related to air are found in three books, and items related to soil are found in five books. In the New Testament, items related to man are found in five books including Matthew's Gospel, items related to creatures are found in three books, items related to water are found in one book, items related to air are found in one book and items related to soil are found in one book. Spheres are found in more books, but the spheres where the same subjects are repeated are omitted. Environmental awareness renders nature significant and reminds us of the existence value of nature. One of the alternatives for preserving environment is to adopt the view of nature implied in the Bible. Thus, it is necessary to cultivate a will to conserve the environment and the ability to assess values with the help of environmental education. The strategy of environmental education suggested by this research is effective in grafting the biblical view of nature onto the curriculum for environmental education. The author believes this strategy can contribute to changing values in the objectives set forth by environmental education such as awareness, knowledge, skill, value, attitude, and participation, as well as in those objectives stressed by the seventh-grade environmental education curriculum.

저선량 γ선 조사가 고추의 광합성과 광 스트레스 경감에 미치는 효과

이혜연,김재성,백명화,박순철,박연일 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.2

고추 종자에 저선량 γ선을 조사시킨 고추 식물체의 생육과 광합성 능 및 광 스트레스 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저선량 4 Gy가 조사된 고추 식물체에서 광합성에 의한 산소발생이 대조구에 비해 1.5배정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고추 잎에 900 μmol/㎡/s의 빛의 세기로 광저해를 4시간 유도하였을 때 최대 광합성능 (Pmax)이 대조구의 경우 20%정도 감소되는 반면 4 Gy 조사구는 3% 정도의 감소를 보였다. Fv/Fm는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보이며 대조구의 경우 4시간 처리시 fv/Fm 값이 50% 정도 감소되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 반면 4 Gy조사구는 fv/Fm값이 대략 37%정도 감소되어 대조구에 비해 광 스트레스에 대해 덜 민감한 것으로 나타났다. Fo는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 거의 변화가 없었으며 대조구나 4 Gy 조사구 사이의 차이도 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 광계Ⅱ의 광양자 수율인 Φ_PSⅡ과 광계Ⅱ 반응중심에 의한 여기 포획률을 나타내주는 1/Fo-1/Fm 또한 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되었으며 4시간을 처리했을 경우 각각 대조구는 47%, 4 Gy 조사구는 30%의 감소를 볼 수 있었다. 비광화학적 소멸인 NPQ는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 대조구와 4 Gy 조사구간에 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 종자의 종피를 투과한 저선량의 γ선이 식물의 광합성을 증대시키고 동시에 광 스트레스에 대한 저해를 감소시키는 것으로 보인다. The effect of low dose Y radiation on photosynthesis and the reduction of photoinhibition in red pepper plant was investigated. The seedling height, leaf width and leaf length of pepper were stimulated in plants grown from seeds irradiated with the tow dose of 4 Gy. The O_2 evolution in the 4 Gy irradiation group was 1.5 times greater than in the control. To investigate the effect of low dose Y radiation on response to high light stress, photoinhibition was induced in leaves of pepper by illumination of high light (900 μ㏖/㎡/s). Pmax was decreased with increasing illumination time by 20% in the control, while hardly decreased in the 4 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSII, estimated as Fv/Fm, was decreased with increasing illumination time by 50% after 4 hours while Fo did not change. However, Fv/Fm in the 4 Gy irradiation group was decreased by 37% of inhibition, indicating that the photoinhibition was decreased by the low dose Y radiation. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSII, Φpsu, and 1/Fo-1/Fm, a measure of the rate constant of excitation trapping by the PSII reaction center, showed similar pattern to Fv/Fm. And NPQ was decreased after photoinhibitry treatment, showing no difference between the control and the 4 Gy irradiation group. These results showed the positive effect of low dose Y radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of photoinhibition.

菜萬植의 小說 硏究

金永和 제주대학 1976 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Chai Man Shik (1902-1950) was a novelist who made his debut in the literary world in December 1924 and played an extensive literary activity mainly in 1930's. In his world of writing, the society and social reality of the colonial period of 1930's in which he was active in writing was grasped through intellectuals, farmers (mainly tenant-farmers) and wealthy class (mainly landowners). Accordingly, Chai Man Shik described how the society and social reality of the time was confronted and accepted by those characters in his novels which he made represent intellectuals, farmers and wealthy class. The peculiarity expressed i his works is a keen sense about history and a critical mind about the society and social reality. His method of expression is not an indicative disclosing but an indirective roundabout method with satirical tone by which he obtained the effectiveness of his writing and increased persuasuasive power. Such a historical sense and critical will of Chai Man Shik had been appeared in the biograpical story of "Hong Gil Dong" written by Heo Gyun at the beginning of the 17th century, in many novels of Hyeon Jin Geon as well as in some novels of Choi Seo Hai, such as "Hong Yeom" writien in 1920's. This trend was reappeared in Chai Man Shik's novels in 1930's novels and this deserves great significance in a historical view of novel writing. His criticization, instead of affirmation of the society and social reality of his time, even if he was living in such a colonical period as 1930's came from a deep bottom of his sound novelistic spirit.