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Democracy Promotion in Arab Politics
Husam A Mohamad 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2007 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.14 No.2
The first part of this essay explores features and factors pertaining to democratic ideas, ideals and procedures in general and the limits of their applicability in the Arab world in particular. The second part assesses the persistence of the U.S. credibility problem in the Arab world, which became more evident after the George W. Bush Administration began advancing its democracy promotion plans for the ""Greater Middle East"" region. Although it remained largely symbolic, the Administration"s focus on democratization has, directly or indirectly, played a contributory role in strengthening the status of autocratic Arab regimes that support U.S. policy and interests, while hindering the stability of regimes that remain opposed to the U.S. and its allies in the region. In general, the article aims at examining factors and events that have contributed to the deleterious effects of U.S. policy on democratization in the Arab world. More specifically, it argues that the Bush Administration"s rhetoric on democracy promotion, which strengthened the status of pro-U.S. regimes in the Arab world, has also contributed to empowering Islamists" popular appeal along with hampering the U.S."s credibility, public image and prestige across the region.
The Peace Process and the Palestinian Political Landscape
Husam A. Mohamad 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2007 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.14 No.1
This article examines forces and events that have influenced the Palestinian political landscape over the past two decades, focusing, among other things, on the failure of the peace process and its effect on the changing relations among political elites and trends in the Palestinian occupied territories. While reflecting on the prospects for peacemaking between Israel and the Palestinians, from the start of the 1987 Intifada until the eruption of the second Intifada in 2000, this article will highlight factors that have contributed to the collapse of the Oslo Accords, the Camp David II Summit and the Road Map formula. The obstacles that have generally caused the failure of these peace plans include the continuation of Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territories, the U.S.’s credibility problem in the region and the growing corruption attributed to the Palestinian Authority.
Husam Khalefih,Taesuk Oh,Yunseok Jeong,Yonghee Kim Korean Nuclear Society 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.7
In this work, a 24-month two-batch fuel management strategy for the APR1400 using LEU + has been investigated, where enrichments of 5.9 and 5.2 w/o are utilized in lieu of the conventional 4-5 w/o UO<sub>2</sub> fuel. In addition, an Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) clad based on the swaging technology is applied to APR1400 fuel assemblies. In this special ATF clad design, both outer and inner SS316 layers protect the conventional zircaloy clad. Erbia (Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is introduced as a burnable absorber with two-fold goals to lower the critical boron concentration in the long-cycle LEU + loaded core as well as to handle the LEU + fuel in the existing front-end fuel facilities without renewing the license. Two types of fuel assemblies with different loading of gadolinia (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) are considered to control both the reactivity and the core radial power distribution. The erbia burnable absorber is uniformly admixed with UO<sub>2</sub> in all fuel pins except for the gadolinia-bearing ones. In this study, two core designs were devised with different erbia loading, and core performance and safety parameters were evaluated for each case in comparison with a core design without any burnable absorbers. The core analysis was done using the two-step method. First, cross-sections are generated by the SERPENT 2 Monte Carlo code, and the 3-D neutronic analysis is performed with an in-house multi-physics nodal code KANT.
President George W. Bush’s Legacy on the Israeli-Palestinian “Peace Process”
Husam Mohamad 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2015 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.22 No.1
Following the events of September 11, President George W. Bush shifted his approach in support of further involvement in Middle Eastern affairs. He delivered, on June 24, 2002, a speech in support of the creation of “a peaceful and democratic” Palestinian state alongside Israel. Bush specifically asked the Palestinians to reform the Palestinian Authority, dismantle their militant groups and elect a new leader. Bush also backed the Quartet’s Road Map formula (sponsored by the U.N., the E.U., and Russia) for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although Bush’s vision and the Road Map plan marked a new shift in U.S. policy on the Palestinian issue, both failed to exercise leverage upon Israel to withdraw from the Palestinian territories. They failed to provide details concerning the final status issues, including the future of Jerusalem, the refugees, Jewish settlements, statehood and borders, which served to satisfy Israel’s objection to packaged deals that may entail pressures for withdrawal from the Palestinian territories. While exploring factors, events and forces that may have motivated Bush’s plans for the region, this article will underline the main themes of his two states idea and those of the Road Map’s formula. It also examines signs of inconsistencies and fluctuations in Bush’s policies towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, along with comparing Bush’s rhetoric on the Palestinian state to the actual realities on the ground. This article seeks a historically grounded critical understanding of U.S. policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in general and the Bush Administration’s conception of the two states solution in particular. It also reflects slightly on signs of continuities and/or changes experienced during Barak Obama’s presidency with regard to the Middle East region.
Husam A. Abu Hajar,R. Guy Riefler,Ben J. Stuart 대한환경공학회 2016 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.21 No.3
In this study, the microalga Neochloris oleoabundans was cultivated in a sustainable manner using diluted anaerobic digestate to produce biomass as a potential biofuel feedstock. Prior to microalgae cultivation, the anaerobic digestate was characterized and several pretreatment methods including hydrogen peroxide treatment, filtration, and supernatant extraction were investigated and their impact on the removal of suspended solids as well as other organic and inorganic matter was evaluated. It was found that the supernatant extraction was the most convenient pretreatment method and was used afterwards to prepare the nutrient media for microalgae cultivation. A bench-scale experiment was conducted using multiple dilutions of the supernatant and filtered anaerobic digestate in 16 mm round glass vials. The results indicated that the highest growth of the microalga N. oleoabundans was achieved with a total nitrogen concentration of 100 mg N/L in the 2.29% diluted supernatant in comparison to the filtered digestate and other dilutions.
Mohammad Husam Alhumsi 아시아영어교육학회 2021 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.18 No.2
The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of using the Interactive Whiteboard on phonemic awareness instruction among EFL first graders. For this study, a word recognition test was used as the research instrument. Pre-test, post-test, and delayed-word recognition were administered to 48 first graders, aged 7 on average, to both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the treatment for four weeks using IWB, whereas the control group was taught using the chalkboard. Paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyse the data. The findings showed a significant difference in word recognition test scores in favor of the experimental group test (t = 2.50, p < .05). The mean score of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. The current study proposes some pedagogical implications for curriculum designers and concludes with recommendations and further studies on intervention programs.
Qanash Husam,Al-Rajhi Aisha M. H.,Almashjary Majed N.,Basabrain Ammar A.,Hazzazi Mohannad S.,Abdelghany Tarek M. 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-
Despite the vital activity of many compounds, they lack that effectiveness due to their low solubility in water. Unfortunately, for this reason, rutin often leads to low tissue permeability and insufficient bioavailability, which has greatly limited its pharmacological utility. Therefore, the present investigation is designed to overcome this problem by formulating the rotin to rotin nanocrystals (RNCs) with studying their some pharmacological applications in vitro and in silico. RNCs were created via the ultrasonication approach and showed a spherical shape via Transmission electron microscopy with a mean particle size of 27 nm. RNCs reflected inhibitory action against Helicobacter pylori with an inhibition zone (IZ) of 22.67 mm compared to rutin (IZ of 18 mm) and standard control (IZ of 19.5 mm). RNCs exhibited less minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (7.8 µg/mL) than rutin (62.5 µg/mL). The MBC/MIC index of rutin and RNCs indicated their bactericidal properties. RNCs were more acutely (92.12%) than rutin (85.43%) for inhibition the H. pylori biofilm formation. A promising half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (6.85 µg/mL) was recorded using RNCs for urease inhibition compared to the IC50 value of rutin (97.8 µg/mL). The activity of rutin and RNCs was tested against cancer cells of human colon cancer (HT-29) and normal Vero cells. IC50 values of RNCs were less 168.23 ± 1.15 µg/mL and 297.69 ± 4.23 µg/mL than the IC50 values of rutin 184.96 ± 4.33 µg/mL and 335.31 ± 2.02 µg/mL against HT-29 cells and normal Vero cells, respectively. Different percentages (72.2, 77.3, and 81.9%) of hemolysis inhibition were recorded using RNCs, but 63.6, 68.9, 73.6, and 80.6% were obtained using rutin at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition % was documented at a lower IC50 value for RNCs (12.74 µg/mL) than the IC50 of rutin (18.15 µg/mL). The target molecule underwent molecular docking research against H. pylori [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code: 4HI0], HT-29 cells (PDB code: 2HQ6), and BChE (PDB code: 6EMI) in order to enhance the interactions between rutin and the chosen receptors and to estimate its molecular operating environment (MOE) affinity scoring. Rutin has predicted strong binding interactions and potent activity against the examined proteins 4HI0, 2HQ6, and 6EMI with low binding scores of − 7.47778 kcal/mol, − 7.68511 kcal/mol, and − 9.50333 kcal/mol, respectively.
Elilarasi Kanthasamy,Husam Alsanat,Keerthan Poologanathan,Perampalam Gatheeshgar,Marco Corradi,Muhammad Rahman,Kajaharan Thirunavukkarasu 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.4
Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) sections are vulnerable to certain local and global failures, especially web crippling failures. CFS beams are generally employed in construction practices mainly as floor joists or bearers. The design standards, AISI S100, AS/NZS 4600 and Eurocode 3 Part 1–3 predict the web crippling capacity of CFS sections according to the experimental studies conducted in previous years. In most of the cases, the predictions of the equations were unsafe and hence innovative concepts of CFS should be examined undergoing web crippling. Therefore, the web crippling behaviour of the unlipped channel sections with high-strength material under Interior-Two-Flange (ITF) loading condition was investigated in this study by following the AISI S909 standard test method defined for web crippling. Numerical simulations using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software (ABAQUS) were conducted on 243 parametric studies to replicate the loading conditions of ITF following a proper validation. Parametric study data were then taken into account to determine the accuracy of existing equations for web crippling capacity in the design standards and existing literature. Since the available design equations were conservative or unsafe and considering the empirical nature of CFS sections in terms of web crippling capacity, new modified equations were proposed to predict the ultimate web crippling capacity of high-strength unlipped channel sections and a new design approach based on the Direct Strength Method (DSM) was also developed.