4분과 : 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 우리나라 소나무 임부의 재적 추정

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),( Gui Shan Gui ),( Hang Nan Yu ),최솔이 ( Sol E Choi ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),권태성 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수종인 소나무림을 대상으로 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)8.5 시나리오에 따른 임목 재적의 시·공간적 변이를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 규모의 예측을 위해 5차임상도와 국가산림자원조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 기후와 공간의 변이가 임목 생장에 미치는 영향을 반영하기 위해 기상 및 지형인자를 반영한 생장모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 검증을 위해 시, 도별 산림통계와 모형 결과를 비교한 결과, 비교적 높은 적합도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화를 고려하였을 때, 소나무림의 임분 재적은 현재 131 m3/ha에서2050년에는 212.42 m3/ha까지 증가 할 것으로 예측되었으며, 현재의 기후가 유지될 경우에는 221.92 m3/ha까지 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 일부 고산지대를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 소나무림의 생장률이감소할 것으로 예측되었으며, 특히 해안지역과 남부지역에서 생장률의 감소가 클 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화가 소나무림 생장에 미치는 영향을 시·공간에 따라 정량화 할 수 있었으며, 이는 기후변화 적응을 고려한 산림관리 및 시업계획을 수립하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to measure spatio-temporal variation of forest tree volume basedon the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenario, targeting on Pinus densiflora forests which is the main tree species in South Korea. To estimate nationwide scale, 5th forest type map and National Forest Inventory data were used. Also, to reflect the impact of change in place and climate on growth of forest trees, growth model reflecting the climate and topography features were applied. The result of the model validation, which compared the result of the model with the forest statistics of different cities and provinces, showed a high suitability. Considering the continuous climate change, volume of Pinus densiflora forest is predicted to increase from 131 m3/ha at present to 212.42 m3/ha in the year of 2050. If the climate maintains as the present, volumeis predicted to increase to 221.92 m3/ha. With the climate change, it is predicted that most of the region, except for some of the alpine region, will have a decrease in growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest. The growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest will have a greater decline, especially in the coastal area and the southern area. With the result of this study, it will be possible to quantify the effect of climate change on the growth of Pinusdensiflora forest according to spatio-temporal is possible. The result of the study can be useful in establishing the forest management practices, considering the adaptation of climate change.

지역 재래시장 속성에 대한 동북아 3국(한·중·일) 소비자 인식 비교

Chang,Hung-Seob 한몽경상학회 2008 한몽경상연구 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 한중일 3국 재래시장 소비자들의 인식 비교를 통해 국가별 재래시장 현황과 문제점을 비교 분석하고, 이를 통해 각 국가의 재래시장이 나아갈 방향을 모색하려는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한중일 3국의 유통산업과 재래시장을 선행연구를 통해 살펴보았고, 실증분석을 통해 재래시장 속성에 대한 국가별 중요도-만족도 차이 분석, 국가별 재래시장 속성에 대한 중요도 차이 분석, 국가별 유통업태별 지출액 및 만족도 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 한국 재래시장은 편의시설과 주차시설에 대한 개선노력이 필요한 것으로 나왔고, 재래시장의 지출액과 만족도는 전체 5개 유통업태 중 2위로 매우 높았으며, 재래시장의 속성 전반에 대한 중요도가 다른 국가들에 비해 매우 높게 나타났다. 일본 재래시장은 가격수준, 상품다양성, 건물노후상태, 볼거리, 주차시설에 대한 개선노력이 필요한 것으로 나타났고, 유통업태별 지출액과 만족도는 전체 5개 유통업태 중 4위로 매우 낮았고, 재래시장의 속성 전반에 대한 중요도도 다른 국가들에 비해 매우 낮았다. 중국 재래시장은 판매후서비스, 상품안내, 제품의 품질, 고객서비스센터, 편의시설, 소방안전시설에 대한 개선노력이 필요한 것으로 나타났고, 유통업태별 지출액과 만족도는 전체 5개 유통업태 중 3위로 비교적 높았다. 그리고 재래시장의 속성 전반에 대한 중요도도 다른 국가들에 비해 상대적으로 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 동아시아 3국인 한중일 재래시장 소비자들의 재래시장에 대한 인식을 비교한 결과 유사한 점도 있지만 많은 차이점도 있었다. 이러한 국가별 재래시장에 대한 소비자 인식의 유사점과 차이점은 향후해당 국가들이 재래시장의 장기적인 발전방향을 수립하는데 크게 도움이 될 것으로 본다.

B형 간염 감염의 가족집적성에 관한 혈청역학적 연구

장석균,고응린,최보율,박항배 한양대학교 의과대학 1989 한양의대 학술지 Vol.9 No.2

B hepatitis is considered as one of the most serious health issues in Korea because of its high prevalence and incidence rates and its close relationships with liver cirrhosis and primary hepatic carcinoma. It was once believed that parenteral transmission was only possible mode of hepatitis B virus infection until its serologic markers could have been identified. However, non-parenteral route was also recognized as important as parenteral one and its mode was classified into vertical and horizontal types. The familial clustering of B hepatitis was well documented by many authors, and some portion of non-parenteral transmission in family unit was discovered by many clinical and epidemiological studies. This study were carried out in a rural community of Korea to discover the degree of familial clustering and possible non-parenteral transmission route. Susceptibles, infected before 1985, the incidence cases between June, 1985 and April, 1986, and chronic carriers had been identified as index cases by the twice axaminations of serologic markers (HBsAg; RPHA, Anti-HBs;PHA). The examination of serologic markers to index cases and their family members was done in June, 1987. The major results are summarized as followings. 1. HBsAg positive rate in family members with susceptible was 3.12%, and the ratio of HBsAg positive rate in family members with infected before 1985, incidence case and chronic carrier upon susceptible was 4.27, 3.51 and 11.65 respectively. This result imply a strong familial clustering of hepatitis B virus infection and it was strongest in families with chronic carriers. 2. The degree of clustering in familial relationship was observed to increase in order of with siblings, mother and father. This result suggests the horizontal transmission between siblings is strong, but the vertical transmission from mother to hter offspings should also be considered as related to clustering in siblings. From the results of this study, it is recommended that all family members with HBsAg carriers should be examined on the serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection and to take the appropriate measures.

大邱 市民의 牛乳 消費에 關한 實態 調査

朴恒均,崔光洙,張仁浩 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Survey on milk consumption of Daegu citizen was carried to get information for the increasing milk demand in Korea. Eighty percent of the families was found to consume milk, and 87.0 percent of the milk-drinking families stored the milk in a refrigerator. Reason of milk-drinking was appeared to be 44.0 percent for health, 39.0 percent for children's nutritional source and 14.2 percent for children's favor. The reason why the milk is not consumed was found to be 24 percent for high price of milk, 24.6 percent for yoghurt or egg consumption instead of milk and 16.2 percent for undesirable flavor of milk. The desirable milk pack was found to be 60.7 percent for cartoon pack, 29.2 percent for bottle and 10.1 percent for poly pack.

우리나라 지역 직업성질환 감시체계의 현황과 전망

임종한,장성실,김성아,문재동,채창호,홍윤철,김수영,김진석,김영욱,한상환,이혜숙,원종욱,송동빈,하은희,강성규 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

기존의 특수건강진단과 작업환경측정을 통한 직업병 관리가 진폐증, 소음성난청 등의 소수 특정질환에 국한되고 실제 직업병 발생 규모 파악이나 신종 직업병의 발견에 한계를 보인다는 사실은 산업의학전문가들 사이에서도 공감을 이루고 있다. 미국과 영국 등에서의 직업성질환 감시체계에 대한 경험은 우리 나라의 직업성질환 감시체계 구축에도 새로운 자극제가 되면서, 1998년이후 인천, 대전, 여천, 구미, 부울경 지역에서 지역 직업성질환감시체계를 산업보건관리의 중요한 시스템으로 구축하려는 노력이 확산되고 있다. 새로이 구축되어지는 이들 지역 직업성질환 감시체계는 감시하고자 하는 대상질환, 활용 가능한 인적자원 및 자료원, 지역 의료체계의 특수성 등에 따라서 목적과 방법을 달리하면서 독특한 형태로 발전을 하고 있다. 각 지역단위 감시체계들이 그 상황에 맞게 독특한 목적과 전략들을 발전 시키면서도, 향후 발전할 국가적인 차원의 직업성질환 감시체계 구축을 위하여 직업성질환 감시의 기본 전략 등을 공유하는 등의 노력이 필요하다. 환례 정의 및 기본적인 등록 서식의 공유, 직업성질환 감시 자료원의 발굴, 공동의 정보 네트워크 및 직업성질환 감시 데이터베이스 구축 등 직업성질환 감시활동을 지원하기 위한 여러 기초 인프라 구축에 힘을 모아야 할 것이다. 우리 나라에서 직업성질환 감시체계를 성공적으로 구축하기 위해서는 수집된 자료의 질 관리를 위한 직업성질환 감시의 원칙 제정과 감시 전략의 공유 등이 필요하며, 전국적인 직업성질환 감시체계의 하부구조라고 할 수 있는 지역감시체계의 기초 토대 마련과 강화작업이 절실하게 필요하다.

2% Dorzolamide 점안액을 사용한 녹내장환자에서의 안압 변화 : A Clinical Study

김창식,조항진,이강일 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.2

2% dorzolamide solution (Trusopt ^TM) is commercially available recently, and we applied this new agent to glaucoma patients to assess the effect on the korean glaucoma patients. We prescribed 2% dorzolamide solution three times a day for the patient who had not shown a significant fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP) under the same regimen at least 4 weeks interval. We assessed the IOP of the 30 eyes of 18 patients before and 4 weeks and 8 weeks after initiation of this agent retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups ; group 1 composed of 3 eyes of 2 patients who had not used any ocular hypotensive drugs before this study. Group 2 was composed of the patients who had used more than 1 ocular hypotensive solutions, and 2% dorzolamide was added to their regimen. Patients who had used more than 1 ocular hypotensive agents including oral acetazolamide was classified as group 3, and one of their regimen was substituted to 2% dorsolamide solution. The mean IOP of group 1 was decreased by 27.3% at 4 weeks and 21.6% at 8 weeks after initiation of new drug. In group 2, there was an additional decrement of mean IOP by 19.0% at 4 week and 23.6% at 8 weeks. And in group 3, there was a decrement of mean IOP by 19.4% at 4 weeks and 20.9% at 8 weeks for the 3 eyes for which we substituted pilocarpine solution with dorzloamide. In the 4 eyes to which we exchanged beta-blockers with dorzolamide, the IOP decreased slightly by 9.9 and 6.3% respectively. In the 11 eyes for which we discontinued acetazolamide and used dorzolamide, the IOP was decreased by 7.1% at 4 weeks, but the IOP was increased by 13.0% at 8 weeks after substitution. Although we need more long term study with more large numbers of subjects, from the above result we can expect hypotensive effect when we use this drug as a single regimen, and additional hypotensive effect when we add this solution to other regimen. And this drug may substitute pilocarpine or beta-blocker effectively, but we should be careful when we are trying to replace the acetazolamide with dorzolamide.

ENERGY TRANSDUCTION IN MOLECULAR MACHINES

CHENG-HUNG CHANG,TIAN YOW TSONG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2007 NANO Vol.2 No.5

An applied force may cause the conformation and thus, the activity of a biological molecule to change. Here we consider a system in which an oscillating or fluctuating electric field is used to actuate membrane protein activities. Most proteins have electric dipoles and net charges in the structure and their conformations are susceptible to the electric and magnetic perturbation. The shape of a cell may also amplify an electric field across its plasma membrane. Therefore, a membrane integral protein such as an ion channel, an ion pump, or a molecular motor, is especially amenable to electric perturbation. The theory of electroconformational coupling addresses the functional implication of this field effect. When an alternating electric field or a fluctuating electric field is employed to actuate a two-state protein oscillator, the dynamics of the conformational change of the protein can be synchronized with the applied field. Through this two-state protein oscillator, we construct a four-state catalytic wheel by coupling an energy transducer mechanism to the two-state protein oscillator. Analysis shows that the catalytic wheel can extract energy from a disordered external energy source, be it electrical, mechanical, or chemical, and convert this stochastic energy source to a usable energy format. The catalytic wheel is tested with the experimental data on the electric field-stimulated cation pumping of Na, K-ATPase. A dipole ratchet model based on the electroconformational coupling concept will also be discussed and compared with the ATP-dependent rotation of a rotary motor F1-ATPase. Since the working principle of this model is simpler than that of F1-ATPase, it provides an easier way to realize a nanoscale rotary motor than artificially reconstructing a F1-ATPase.

大邱市民의 牛乳消費實態와 仁識度

朴恒均,張仁浩,權海秉,金永洪 경북대학교 교육대학원 1977 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

This survey is for getting references to establish a plan for increasing milk demands and the improvement of dairy hygiene by studing the amount of milk consumption, tendency of milk consumers and the recognition of milk in Daegu City. One hundred eighteen thousand and three hundred seventy four homes of pupils who are attending the elementary school in Daegu-City were surveyed for milk consumed or not and 1,280 homes consumed milk and 1,561 homes, non-drinking milk were studied from September 28, 1977 to October 10, 1977 as follows: 1) The annual consumption of milk is 11,497M/T, 4.65% of 247,000M/T national milk production. And dairy cattles fed in Daegu area are 4,752, 4.13% of 115,000 heads fed in Korea. 2) Daily consumption milk is 31,000㎏ and a shortage of 5,000㎏ arose in the summer while there was a 8,000-9,000㎏ over abundance in the winter. 3) Home delivered milk for 118,374 homes that have pupils was 10,560, 8.92%. 4) According to monthly income, 29.7% of 1,280 homes delivered milk was less than 100,000 Won for monthly earnings, and 43.7% for 1,561 homes not delivered milk was less than 1000,000Won for monthly earnings. The number of homes that were not delivered milk was two times as much as home consumed milk. 5) Depending on housewife's school career, middle school graduates were 33.0%, high school 66.9% while among homes that had not consumed milk, 46.37% housewife attended middle school and 49.6% high school. 6) If the price is lower than now, homes requiring more milk was 84.6% but childrens high school year. And if it was low price, 88.4% homes wanted to begin drinking milk, 35.43% by their children's high school year. This indicates that an increasing number of homes required milk. 7) The consumption of 2 bottles (360㎖) or more per homes is 79.69% and one bottle (180㎖) per home is 20.31%. 8) Homs delivered for one year more were 75.7% and less than one year 34.6%. 9) Delivered milk placed in refrigerators was 69% and others 31.4%. People who drank cold milk was 81.56% and hot milk were 18.44% 10) Milk price delivered was: A high of 45.94% and a low of 2.97% and a reasonable 51.09%. 11) The reasons for drinking milk were: Weakened body 49.6%, taste 18.04%, and instead of a rice meal 31.02%. 12) The physical effects after drinking were: Good 65.47%, bad 0.5%. 13) Homes which liked to have delivered milk in the morning were 85.31% and daily 97.19%. 14) Milk quality was: Good 27.89% and normal or of poor grade 72.8%. 15) Milk delivery systems were: Good 65.31% and not good 29.65%. 16) The mainreason for not drinking milk taste 20.88%, Yogurt used instead 20.50%, and powdered milk used instead 22.74%, and unwholesome milk 16.02%.

Predicting Damage in a Concrete Structure Using Acoustic Emission and Electrical Resistivity for a Low and Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste Repository

Hong, Chang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Seop,Lee, Hang-Lo,Cho, Dong-Keun Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2021 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.19 No.2

In this study, the well-known non-destructive acoustic emission (AE) and electrical resistivity methods were employed to predict quantitative damage in the silo structure of the Wolsong Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center (WLDC), Gyeongju, South Korea. Brazilian tensile test was conducted with a fully saturated specimen with a composition identical to that of the WLDC silo concrete. Bi-axial strain gauges, AE sensors, and electrodes were attached to the surface of the specimen to monitor changes. Both the AE hit and electrical resistance values helped in the anticipation of imminent specimen failure, which was further confirmed using a strain gauge. The quantitative damage (or damage variable) was defined according to the AE hits and electrical resistance and analyzed with stress ratio variations. Approximately 75% of the damage occurred when the stress ratio exceeded 0.5. Quantitative damage from AE hits and electrical resistance showed a good correlation (R = 0.988, RMSE = 0.044). This implies that AE and electrical resistivity can be complementarily used for damage assessment of the structure. In future, damage to dry and heated specimens will be examined using AE hits and electrical resistance, and the results will be compared with those from this study.

Spidery 메쉬 인터페이스와 뷰 모핑을 이용한 두 이미지로부터의 효율적인 3차원 애니메이션

조항신(Hang-Shin Cho),김창헌(Chang-Hun Kim) 한국정보과학회 2001 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.7 No.2

본 논문은 동일 장면을 나타내는 한 쌍의 이미지를 이용한 효율적인 3차원 애니메이션 기법을 제안한다. 간단하고 빠른 애니메이션을 위해 그림 속으로의 여행은 한 장의 이미지에서 시점의 깊이 이동을 가능하게 하지만 전경물체의 표현이 시점의 좌우 변환의 사실감을 고려하지 않으며, 뷰모핑은 두장의 이미지 사이의 2차원 변환만을 이용하지만 시점의 이동이 두 카메라의 중심을 잇는 선상으로 제한된다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 두 기법의 단점을 서로 보완하여 시점의 깊이 이동뿐 아니라 좌우이동에서도 자연스러운 영상을 생성하는 새로운 애니메이션 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 배경 장면을 spidery 메쉬로부터 복원된 간단한 직육면체모델에 매핑하고, 관찰자가 주의 깊게 인식하는 전경물체에 대해서는 두 입력 이미지의 투영중심을 잇는 직선상에 평행한 시점의 이동에만 제한적으로 뷰모핑을 적용하여 장면전체의 이미지 픽셀들에 대한 3차원 정보의 복원 비용을 줄이면서도 시점이동의 사실감을 높인다. 두 전경물체 사이의 선형보간 파라미터는 두 spidery 메쉬 간의 차이와 이에 대응하는 배경모델에서의 3차원시점 변환과의 관계로부터 결정된다. 실험을 통해 제안방법이 간단한 인터페이스만으로도 사실감을 유지하는 자유로운 3차원 시점이동의 애니메이션을 생성함을 보인다. This paper proposes an efficient walkthrough animation from two images of the same scene. To make animation easily and fast, Tour Into the Picture(TIP) enables walkthrough animation from single image but lacks the reality of its foreground object when the viewpoint moves from side to side, and view morphing uses only 2D transition between two images but restricts its camera path on the line between two views. By combining advantages of these two image-based techniques, this paper suggests a new virtual navigation technique which enable natural scene transformation when the viewpoint changes in the side-to-side direction as well as in the depth direction. In our method, view morphing is employed only in foreground objects , and background scene which is perceived carelessly is mapped into cube-like 3D model as in TIP, so as to save laborious 3D reconstruction costs and improve visual realism simultaneously. To do this, we newly define a camera transformation between two images from the relationship of the spidery mesh transformation and its corresponding 3D view change. The result animation shows that our method creates a realistic 3D virtual navigation using a simple interface.