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Liang, Hui,Na, Young Mee,Chun, In Sung,Kwon, Soon Sik,Lee, Young-A,Jung, Ok-Sang Chemical Society of Japan 2007 Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan Vol.80 No.5
<P>Dinuclear 1,2-semiquinonato/catecholatocobalt complexes containing 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (hmdeta) as a potential tetradentate N<SUB>4</SUB> coligand, [Co<SUB>2</SUB>(hmteta)(dbbq)<SUB>4</SUB>], (dbbq = 3,5- and 3,6-di-<I>tert</I>-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone (3,5-dbbq and 3,6-dbbq)) were synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures proved that [Co<SUB>2</SUB>(hmteta)(3,6-dbbq)<SUB>4</SUB>]·2C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>CH<SUB>3</SUB> ([3,6]) exists as low spin [(3,6-dbsq)(3,6-dbcat)Co<SUP>III</SUP>(hmteta)Co<SUP>III</SUP>(3,6-dbsq)(3,6-dbcat)] (3,6-dbsq = 3,6-di-<I>tert</I>-butyl-1,2-semiquinonato; 3,6-dbcat = 3,6-di-<I>tert</I>-butylcatecholato), while [Co<SUB>2</SUB>(hmteta)(3,5-dbbq)<SUB>4</SUB>]·C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>CH<SUB>3</SUB> ([3,5]) approximates to [(3,5-dbsq)<SUB>2</SUB>Co<SUP>II</SUP>(hmteta)Co<SUP>II</SUP>(3,5-dbsq)<SUB>2</SUB>] in the solid state at ambient temperature. On the basis of the effective magnetic moments, the [Co<SUP>III</SUP>] → [Co<SUP>II</SUP>] conversion of [3,6] underwent a relatively abrupt transition around 330 K while that of [3,5] occurs in a wide range of temperature. Electronic absorption spectra showed that [3,6] shifts predominantly to [Co<SUP>III</SUP>] whereas [3,5] shifts to [Co<SUP>II</SUP>] valence tautomer in solution at room temperature. The charge distribution of [3,6] exhibited significant solvent effects at room temperature. These prominent features between [3,5] and [3,6] appeared to be associated with difference between delicate electronic and steric effects of the two dbbq ligands.</P>
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Comparative Study on the Competitiveness of Film Industry among Korea China and Japan
Liang-Hui,Kim, Kyung-Tae 한국경영컨설팅학회 2017 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.17 No.1
본 논문은 한중일 영화 산업의 경쟁력 비교를 통해서 각국의 영화 신업의 장단점을 제시하며 향후 발전 방향을 살펴 본다. 본 연구에서 사용한 모든 데이터는 모두 국제 기관 및 각국 정부가 공개한 통계 자료에서 수집하고 다이아몬드 모델을 이용해 분석하였다. 구체적인 결과를 살펴보면, 일본의 영화산업 경쟁력 지수는 0.87로 가장 높게 나타났으며 한국은 0.72,중국은 0.55로 비교적 낮은 수준이다. 본 비교 연구를 통해 한국의 가장 큰 문제는 이익공간이 낮은 것을 알 수 있으며 중국은 인적 자원이 부족 하고 일본은 해외시장 개발이 필요로 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 미래 영화 산업 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 본 연구에서 이런 문제를 대비하기 위한 해결법 또한 제시해 보았다. The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the film industry competitiveness among South Korea, China and Japan in order to explore possible breakthrough points in the film industry which, in turn, has a significant impact on the development of their cultural industry. This study collected data and materials from existing competitive reports on current statistics provided by international institutions and government departments. Mainly, Porter’s diamond model was used to analyze and compare the competitiveness of the film industry. This research found that the competitiveness index of the film industry in three countries was 0.87 in Japan, 0.72 in South Korea, and 0.55 in China, respectively. Comparing competitiveness of film industries in these countries can reveal their advantages and disadvantages, and yields insights for future development. The long-term development of South Korean film industry lies in the improvement of profits. For China, professional talent training is an urgent issue, while Japan’s low income from the domestic market is causing a problem.
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Hui Yu Liang,Fu In Tang,Tze Fang Wang,Shu Yu 한국간호과학회 2021 Asian Nursing Research Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: Nurse practitioners (NPs) are increasingly important in healthcare as they play a key role in leading advanced nursing practices. Assessing their professional competence is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate NPs' professional competencies based on at a collaborative model around NP self and compare different methods of assessment. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, and a purposive sample of 211 participants in the teaching hospital was used. Methods used were self-assessment (nurse practitioners), peer assessment (physicians and nurses) and supervisor assessment (head nurses). Results: The competence of nurse practitioners was rated as moderate (mean score = 3.45 of a possible 5; SD = 0.59). However, each method resulted in differences in competence for total scores and dimensions. The highest competence was in direct patient care (mean = 3.55, SD = 0.53), and the lowest score was in monitoring the quality of patient care (mean = 3.30, SD = 0.82). post hoc analysis shown that supervisor assessment rated professional competence significantly lower than the method of selfassessment and peer assessment (F = 10.07, p < .001). Conclusion: NPs require an increased effort to continuous learning for enhancing professional competencies. Moreover, using multiple methods for assessment to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation of NPs’ professional competence.
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Liang Shi-Bing,Hou Wen-Bin,Zheng Ruo-Xiang,Liang Chang-Hao,Yan Li-Jiao,Wang Hao-Nan,Cao Hui-Juan,Han Mei,Robinson Nicola,Liu Jian-Ping 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.1
Background: Compound glycyrrhizin injection (CGI) is a preparation with glycyrrhizin as the main active ingredient extracted from licorice. As clinical trials suggest that CGI is effective in improving liver function for acute icteric hepatitis in children (AIHC), this systematic review aimed to evaluate and verify its therapeutic effects and safety. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from their inception to 15 May 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing therapeutic effects and safety of CGI for AIHC were included. The risk of bias for each trial was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Primary outcomes were indexes related to liver function, including total bilirubin (TBiL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the online GRADEpro tool. Results: Six RCTs involving 608 children were included. The overall bias was assessed as having “high risk of bias” in all trials. All trials compared the combination of CGI and conventional western medicine (CWM) with CWM alone. Regarding the effects of CGI for AIHC, results showed that CGI plus CWM was superior to CWM alone in reducing the levels of TBiL (mean difference (MD) = -8.19 mmol/L, 95% CI -9.86 to -6.53), ALT (MD = -24.09 U/L, 95% CI -30.83 to -17.34) and AST (MD = -18.67 U/L, 95% CI -21.88 to -15.45). No trial reported adverse events. The certainty of the evidence for outcomes were all evaluated as low or very low. Conclusion: CGI may have adjuvant therapeutic effects on improving the liver function of children with AIHC. There is no evidence to determine the safety of CGI for AIHC. As current evidence is weak, further well-designed RCTs are required for verification of the therapeutic effects of CGI. Background: Compound glycyrrhizin injection (CGI) is a preparation with glycyrrhizin as the main active ingredient extracted from licorice. As clinical trials suggest that CGI is effective in improving liver function for acute icteric hepatitis in children (AIHC), this systematic review aimed to evaluate and verify its therapeutic effects and safety. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from their inception to 15 May 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing therapeutic effects and safety of CGI for AIHC were included. The risk of bias for each trial was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Primary outcomes were indexes related to liver function, including total bilirubin (TBiL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the online GRADEpro tool. Results: Six RCTs involving 608 children were included. The overall bias was assessed as having “high risk of bias” in all trials. All trials compared the combination of CGI and conventional western medicine (CWM) with CWM alone. Regarding the effects of CGI for AIHC, results showed that CGI plus CWM was superior to CWM alone in reducing the levels of TBiL (mean difference (MD) = -8.19 mmol/L, 95% CI -9.86 to -6.53), ALT (MD = -24.09 U/L, 95% CI -30.83 to -17.34) and AST (MD = -18.67 U/L, 95% CI -21.88 to -15.45). No trial reported adverse events. The certainty of the evidence for outcomes were all evaluated as low or very low. Conclusion: CGI may have adjuvant therapeutic effects on improving the liver function of children with AIHC. There is no evidence to determine the safety of CGI for AIHC. As current evidence is weak, further well-designed RCTs are required for verification of the therapeutic effects of CGI.
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Potential Biomarker of L-type Amino Acid Transporter 1 in Breast Cancer Progression
Liang, Zhongxing,Cho, Heidi T.,Williams, Larry,Zhu, Aizhi,Liang, Ke,Huang, Ke,Wu, Hui,Jiang, Chunsu,Hong, Samuel,Crowe, Ronald,Goodman, Mark M.,Shim, Hyun-Suk The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.2
Purpose L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is essential for the transport of large neutral amino acids. However, its role in breast cancer growth remains largely unknown. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether LAT1 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Methods LAT1 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cell lines and tissues were analyzed. In addition, the effects of targeting LAT1 for the inhibition of breast cancer cell tumorigenesis were assessed with soft agar assay. The imaging of xenograft with anti-1-amino-3-[$^{18}F$]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-[$^{18}F$]FACBC) PET was assessed for its diagnostic biomarker potential. Results Normal breast tissue or low malignant cell lines expressed low levels of LAT1 mRNA and protein, while highly malignant cancer cell lines and high-grade breast cancer tissue expressed high levels of LAT1. In addition, higher expression levels of LAT1 in breast cancer tissues were consistent with advanced-stage breast cancer. Furthermore, the blockade of LAT1 with its inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo[ 2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), or the knockdown of LAT1 with siRNA, inhibited proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. A leucine analog, anti-[$^{18}F$]FACBC, has been demonstrated to be an excellent PET tracer for the non-invasive imaging of malignant breast cancer using an orthotopic animal model. Conclusions The overexpression of LAT1 is required for the progression of breast cancer. LAT1 represents a potential biomarker for therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer. Anti-[$^{18}F$]FACBC that correlates with LAT1 function is a potential PET tracer for malignant breast tumor imaging.
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Remotely Sensing Image Fusion Based on Wavelet Transform and Human Vision System
Hui Lin,Yanfeng Tian,Ruiliang Pu,Liang Liang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.7
Wavelet transform has many good characteristics, used extensively in image fusion. In recent years, many algorithms have been developed, but there exist some inherent defects such as image blur, burr phenomenon, zigzag boundaries and image discontinuity. In this theory, without considering disadvantages of HVS, especially fused image should preserve brightness and texture features which are the most sensitive to eye, so a new algorithm combining them is proposed. Firstly, by calculating brightness and texture metrics in different wavelet decomposition subimages. And then, by using root mean square rule to get fused low frequency and high frequency coefficients respectively. Finally, performing inverse wavelet transform by the concatenation of low frequency and high frequency to gain fused image. In order to evaluate different algorithms, the assessment metric based on HVS is adopted, which is a more comprehensive and effective measure. Experiments merging IKONOS Pan image(resolution is 1 meter) with multispectral image (resolution is 4 meter) show that the proposed algorithm is the best on brightness, contrast, texture, definition, resolution, object edge regardness of visual effect and objective metric, also verifing human visual characteristic to be considered in image fusion.
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