세종대 북원의 팽창과 황희 - 황희의 국방활동을 중심으로 -

이주희(Lee, Ju-Hui) 효원사학회 2020 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.57

황희(1363~1452)는 여말 선초의 격변기에 국가의 동량으로서 4대 임금을 모셨던 인물이다. 그러한 그의 청렴성에 대한 논란이 있다. 본 논문은 황희에게 만일 공직자 윤리에 부정적인 면이 있었다면 그럼에도 불구하고 세종이 그를 심복처럼 의지한 이유를 살폈다. 즉 재상인 그가 이끌어간 세종대의 시대적 상황을 살피고 재상으로서 황희가 국방 분야에서 어떠한 역할을 했는지에 대해 알아보았다. 세종대는 국제적 긴장이 고조된 시기였다. 세종은 백성을 살폈고, 그것이 가능하려면 황희가 필요했다. 北狄(몽골)이 언제 조선을 침공해 올지도 모르는 상황에서 축성 등의 대규모 토목공사가 필요했지만 그것 때문에 나라가 기울어지는 것은 막아야 했다. 황희는 국가에 해를 끼치지 않는 것을 전제로 국방책을 입안하고 밀고나갔다. 1428년 황희는 현실에 맞추어 북방의 방어체계를 개선했고, 1432년부터 4군 6진 개척을 배후에서 지휘했다. 그러한 가운데도 황희는 많은 추문에 휘말렸고, 세종은 거듭 황희를 보호했다. 청렴한 국정을 운영하는 것도 중요하지만 北狄(몽골)의 침공으로 나라가 망하면 무슨 소용이 있겠는가. 어려운 시기였기에 세종에게 황희의 혐의는 더 중요하지 않았다. 설사 황희가 부정을 저질렀다고 해도 난국을 타개하고 해쳐나갈 인물을 내친다는 것은 어려웠다. 세종에게 청렴하기만 하고 능력이 없는 인물은 필요가 없었다. 어느 특정 인물이 유학적인 소양이 높더라도 냉혹한 현실을 다루는데 서툴다면 어디에 쓰겠는가. 오히려 나라를 지키는 일에는 야수와 날카로운 시선과 바위와 같은 인내심이 필요했다. 세종은 황희의 아들들이 자기 자식들의 물건을 훔쳐 나누어 가진 이 사건을 보고 굉장히 불쾌했을 것이다. 그것은 존엄에 위해를 가하는 대역죄였다. 하지만 이 사건을 적당한 선에서 봉합했다. 戰雲이 감도는 시기에 세종에게 황희는 없어서는 안 되는 漢元帝때의 ‘史丹’과 같은 존재였으며 충직한 명재상이었다. Hwang Hui (1363-1452) served four kings as a pillar of the state during the turbulent period of the late Goryeo Dynasty and the early Joseon Dynasty. There is a controversy about his integrity. This paper examined Hwang Hee"s reasons why Sejong relied on him like a henchman, nevertheless, if there were any negatives to the ethics of public officials. In other words, we looked at the times of King Sejong"s reign, led by his father-in-law, and found out what role Hwang Hee played in the defense sector as prime minister. The Sejong era was a time of heightened international tension. Sejong looked at the people and needed Hwang Hui to make it possible. At a time when Mongolia might invade Joseon, large-scale civil engineering projects such as the construction of the fortress were needed, but the country had to be prevented from tilting due to it. Hwang Hee drafted and pushed ahead with the defense plan on the condition that it would not harm the nation. In 1428, Hwang Hui improved the defense system of the north in line with the reality, and from 1432 he led the development of the sixth division of the fourth division. In the meantime, Hwang-Hui was embroiled in many scandals, and King Sejong repeatedly protected her. It is also important to run clean state affairs, but what good is it if the country collapses due to the invasion of Mongolia? Hwang Hui"s charges were not more important to Sejong because it was a difficult time. Even if Hwang Hee was dishonest, it was difficult to break the impasse and make a person who would harm him. There was no need for a person who was only clean and incapable of Sejong. Even if a certain person has a high level of studying abroad, what would he use if he is not good at dealing with the harsh reality? Rather, defending the country required patience, such as wild beasts, sharp eyes, and rocks. Sejong must have been very upset to see the incident in which Hwang Hee"s sons stole and shared their children"s belongings. It was a high-handed crime of inflicting harm on dignity. However, the case was sealed to a moderate extent. In times of war, Hwang Hui was an indispensable "Stan" of the Han Dynasty and a loyal master.

대학급식의 미생물적 품질보증을 위한 HACCP의 적용 : 참치샐러드 Tuna Salad

김운주,최은희,최현미,배주희,채현숙 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality, and to assure the safety of the food production process in the university foodservice facilities in accordance with the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) concepts. The kitchen layout and time-temperature relationship, miciobiological quality(total plate count, coliform) were assessed to identify the critical point during each of the production phases. The results were as follows: 1) The kitchen layout had to be improved because contamination area was not separated from non-contamination area, and work table was in contact with washing sink. 2) Some employee did not follow personal hygiene standards(hand washing), and did not wear proper working uniforms(hair restraints). 3) The production time of tuna salad was 120 min, and environment temperature was 20.1~26.0℃. Improper receiving temperature, inproper holding practices(without cover at room temperature) were observed. 4) In the purchasing phase of the raw materials, the microbiological quality of green pepper was not at acceptable level based on the TPC(2.3×10^6CFU/g)and coliform(>14,000 MPN/g). During washing phase TPC was decreased about 3 log cycle. After cutting and holding phase the level of TPC and coliform were increased rapidly. At serving phase the microbiological quality of tuna salad were not at acceptable level(TPC 3.3×10^6 CFU/g, coliform 11,000 MPN/g) according to the standard set(TPC <10^5 CFU/g, coliform <100 MPN/g) by Sorberg et al. 5) For tuna salad, critical control points were purchasing and receiving of fresh vegetables, washing, cutting, holding, mixing and serving phase.

조리조건에 따른 마늘의 휘발성 함황화합물의 변화

배현주,전희정 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

This study was performed to find the changes in volatile sulfur compounds of garlic under various cooking conditions. The volatile sulfur compounds of garlic were identified with GC and GC/MS. The results of the study were summarized as follows : Chopped garlic boiled for 30min and 60min had more volatile sulfur compounds than that of fresh garlic, while 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin decreased by boiling. Whole garlic boiled for 30min and 60min had less volatile sulfur compounds than that of fresh garlic, while allyl methyl trisulfide and diallyl trisulfide increased by boiling. Analyzing the change of volatile sulfur compounds under cooking methods, the order that showed more volatile sulfur compounds was as follows : grilling > frying > steaming > boiling > microwave oven cooking > pressure cooking.

급식소의 조리기기 및 작업환경에 대한 미생물학적 위해분석과 HACCP 제도 적용 후 위생개선효과

배현주,전희정 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementing the HACCP system on foodservice establishments. At first, the hygienic conditions were measured by microbiological hazard analyses of the cooking utensils and working areas. In order to solve the detected problems, the HACCP system was implemented, after what was considered a sufficient settlement period following the initial assessment, then microbiological verification was Performed again. In relation to the cooking utensils and equipment(kitchen knives. cutting boards, knives for shredding vegetables, refrigerators, baskets, barts, working tables, preparation tables, tungs, dish-clothes and drains) the microbiological inspection on the Total Plate Count, Coliforms, Staphylocaccus aureus and, Listeria monocytogenes, were conducted with regard to the working areas(working tables, preparation tables, seasoning's shelves, serving tables, drinking water tables. refrigerators, storage rooms and dining tables), the Total Plate Count and Fungi were also examined. According to the microbiological hazard analyses there were many problems. especially with cutting boards, baskets, barts, dish-clothes and sinkballs. However. by introducing the HACCP system, the microbiological hazard levels were able to be controlled and lowered, and the total aerial bacteria in the working areas of the foodservice establishments were detected at levels below 6 CFU/plate.

단기간 저장조건을 달리한 마늘의 휘발성 함황화합물의 변화

배현주,전희정 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study was performed to find the changes in volatile sulfur compounds of garlic under various storage conditions. The volatile sulfur compounds of garlic were identified with GC and GC/MS. Analysis on the detected volatile sulfur compound of garlic which is known to have medical effect was performed while storing for two days at room temperature and for 1, 3 and 7 days at 4℃ and -18℃, respectively. The results of the study were summarized as follows : Total amount of 7 volatile sulfur compounds was the highest in the sample stored at room temperature for on hour. During the storage of 1, 3 and 7 days at -18℃, chopped garlic contained more of volatile sulfur compounds than under any other storage conditions and the amounts of 7 volatile sulfur compounds increased gradually during the storage of chopped garlic.

New screening method for cervical dysplasia using electrical impedance spectrum: Main research article

( Ju Hui Ryeon ),( Min Ji Kang ),( Tong In Oh ),( Jun Beom Heo ),( Seung Geun Yeo ),( Dong Choon Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.106 No.-

Objective: Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous from of cervical cancer, in which epithelia cells of the cervix becoming dysplastic. However, diagnosis by colposcopy and puch biopsy requires a genecological expert. So here we present, non-invasive, accurate and inexpensive diagnostic tool. The electrical properties of cervical dysplasia and normal cervical tissue have been reported to differ. This study evaluated whether these differences in electrical properties can be exploited to noninvasively screen for and diagnose cervical dysplasia. Methods: The cervical tissue was measured using a bio-impedance spectrum based screening device and multi-electrode screening probe. · Among 16 channel electrodes, one pair of electrodes was injected with current and the other pair was measured the induced voltage. · Twenty eight measurement protocol that can concentrate the electrical energy local area under the probe was used to precisely measure the electrical properties of the cervical tissue. · Current was injected without saturation at 6 frequencies 0.625, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 kHz with the magnitude within the range of 85~305uA peak-to-peak. Materials: This study enrolled 123 women, aged from 20s to 60s comprised of 69 with suspected cervical dysplaisa who underwent LEEP conization, and 54 without cervical dysplasia who underwent hysterctomy for benign disease. Results: · The difference in resistivity between normal and CIN is particularly apparent at low frequencies. · We obtained a good separation between normal and dysplastic squamous epithelium and between CIN1 and CIN 2/3 graded tissues. · Our method showed that an area under the ROC curve of 0.90 resulted in a sensitivity of 94.3% and a specificity of 84%. Conclusion: Cervical electrical properties provide a potentially promising screening tool, with Sensitivity and specficity similar to those of currently used creening tests. Moreover, evlauation of cervical electrical properties can provide instant results.

Unreported Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Leaves of Evergreen Woody Plants in Korea: Muyocopron lithocarpi and Didymocyrtis cladoniicola

( Ju-hui Gwon ),( Hyeok Park ),( Jong-chul Lee ),( Jae-wook Choi ),( Ahn-heum Eom ) 한국균학회 2021 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.49 No.3

In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of evergreen woody plants in Hansando Island in South Korea. The fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions of rDNA. It was confirmed that two endophytic fungal species, Muyocopron lithocarpi and Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, isolated in this study have not previously been reported in South Korea.

Giant congenital lymphangioma at chest wall : Case Report, Using picibanil (OK-432) Sclerotherapy

( Hui-ryeon Ju ),( Guisera Lee ),( Shin-young Kim ),( Yun-sung Jo ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-

Fetal lymphangioma, benign tumor, is an uncommon congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, arising from blockage of lymphatic flow. It is characterized by a thin-walled cystic dilation usually around neck and axillary region. It typically develops between late in the first trimester to early in the second trimester. Moreover, it is highly associated with chromosomal abnormalities and poor outcomes. We report a rare live-born case of giant septated, chest wall lymphangioma that underwent prenatal expectation treatment. The lymphangioma was treated of picibanil (OK-432) sclerotherapy 9 days after birth. Picibanil (OK-432) is a lyophilized mixture of group A Streptococcus pyogenes with antineoplastic activity, because of its capacity to produce a selective fibrosis of lymphangiomas. In the following 29 days, we were observed decreasing size of lymphangioma.

Measurement of Heavy Metal Ions in Water Contamination Using a Cell-free Protein Synthesis and Personal Glucose Meter

Ju Hui LEE,Hye Jin LIM,Dong yeon SONG,Dong-Myung KIM 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.4

[Commentary] The Reproduction of Growth-Oriented Churches: Korean American Churches and the Politics of Infrastructure, by Seo Dae-Seung Placing Infrastructure

( Ju Hui Judy Han ) 서울대학교 사회과학대학 인류학과 2023 Korean Anthropology Review Vol.7 No.-