An On-Demand Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks

Yan, Huai-Zhi,Ajith P.K,Park, Dong-Won,Joo, Gi-Ho 배재대학교 공학연구소 2005 공학논문집 Vol.7 No.1

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the centralized administration. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless work interface, multiple networks “hops” maybe needed for one node to exchange data with adjacent node. In recent years, a variety of new routing protocol about ad hoc network was developed. This paper presents a new routing protocol based on the Dynamic Source Routing which is not suitable for the high mobility ad hoc network. The Enhanced DSR adapts quickly to routing changes when node movement is frequent. When a trunk route is broken, this protocol will utilize the alternative route saved in the route to discovery quickly the new route. It improves the performance of the existing DSR algorithm, so that the negative impacts from weakness of DSR are reduced.

MEASUREMENT OF OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY FOR NONROAD DIESEL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

HUAI T.,SHAH S. D.,DURBIN T. D.,NORBECK J. M. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4

In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3-11 lover the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately $25\%$ with a range from 11 to $65\%$ for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.

목판 인쇄술이 동아시아 문화에 미친 영향

( Huai Yuan ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2014 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.58

목판 인쇄의 역사는 우리에게 목판 인쇄술의 탄생과 발전이 사회 문화적 요구와 밀접하게 연결되어 있다는 것을 알려준다. 조판 인쇄술의 탄생에는 두 가지 기본 조건이 있다. 하나는 물질 기술적 조건이며 또 하나는 사회 문화적 조건이다. 일찍이 진(秦)·서한(西漢, BC 211-218년) 시기, 중국에는 이미 금속·대나무·벽돌에 새겨서 탁본하는 숙련된 기술이 있었다. 동한(東漢, 25-220년) 시기에 이르면 문자 기록 장치로 부드러우면서도 편리한 종이가 발명되었다. 이로써 목판 인쇄술이 탄생하는데 필요한 물질 기술적 조건은 기본적으로 갖추어졌다. 그러나 물질 기술적 조건만으로 목판 인쇄술이 탄생할 수는 없다. 반드시 상응하는 사회 문화적 조건이 있어야만 한다. 대량의 ``지식 수요``와 상대적으로 광범위한 ``독서 인구``가 있을 때, 비로소 사람들은 사용이 편리하면서도 원가는 저렴하며 많은 내용을 저장할 수 있어 사람들의 사상 문화적 요구를 충족시켜줄 수 있는 목판 인쇄술을 발명하기 위해 노력하게 된다. 사회 문화적 요구는 기술 혁신과 발전을 가져왔고 기술 혁신과 발전은 사회 문화적 요구를 충족시켜주었다. 이 글은 목판 인쇄술의 발전 과정을 통하여 다섯 가지 측면에서 목판 인쇄술이 동아시아 문화에 미친 영향에 대해 분석할 것이다. 첫째, 한자를 널리 보급시켰다. 둘째, 불교문화 전파를 촉진시켰다. 셋째, 유교문화의 영향력을 확대시켰다. 넷째, 사상 문화 교류를 촉진시켰다. 다섯째, 동양 예술의 특징을 드러내고 있다. 전 세계 동아시아 문화권, 서구의 기독교 문화권, 그리스 정교 문화권, 이슬람 문화권, 인도 문화권 등 5대 문화권 중에서도 동아시아 문화권의 목판 인쇄술은 지역·인종·문화 등 여러 가지 이유로 인해 동아시아 문화 형성과 발전 과정에서 간과할 수 없는 중요한 역할을 했다. 목판 인쇄술은 탄생―발전―성숙―정점―쇠락에 이르기까지 1500여년이라는 세월을 거쳤다. 이 시기는 곧 동아시아 문화의 중요한 발전기이기도 하다. 목판 인쇄술은 끊임없는 자기완성의 과정을 통해 사회 문화적 요구에 부합하고 만족시키기 위해 노력해왔다. 그리고 그 무엇으로도 대체할 수 없는 목판 인쇄술이 가지는 고유의 사회적 기능은 동양 문화의 전파, 문화 통합, 문화적 동질감, 문화 자정(資政) 등 네 가지 방면에서 커다란 작용을 발휘하여 동아시아 문화권의 탄생과 발전에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 그러므로 후대 사람들이 깊이 연구할 만한 가치가 있다. It may be firgure out from the history of block printing that the produce and developing of block printing are closely related to the requirement of socity and culture. There`re two essential conditions for the birth of block printing: technology and culture. As early as Qin and Xi Han dynasty, the technology of metal, bamboo even bricks printing has been mature. Until Dong Han dynasty, the soft and portable carrier of writing, which called paper, is invented, the produce of block printing had ingredient of necessary conditions of material. However, It is not certain of produce with which mentioned above, It needs appropriate culture conditions too, only a large number of requirments for knowledge and reading can inspire the produce of block printing, which is appling simply, cost inexpensive and high capacity. It also satisfied the need for thinking and culture. The requirments of culture and socity leads to the innovation of technology, and which satisfy the requirments in turn. The paper analysis the affect of east asia culture by block printing in five section through the developing of it: ⅰwhich spread the chinese characters, ⅱ which accelerate the accepted of buddhism, ⅲ which expands the affect of confucianism, ⅳ which promote the communication of ideology, ⅴwhich reveal the feature of east culture. In five cultural zones which consist of east asia cultural zone, west europe cultural zone, east europe cultural zone, middle east cultural zone and India cultural zone, the formation of east asia cultural zone effected by many factors such as region, ethnic group and culture. In this progress, the contribution of block printing should not be neglected. The block printing has gone through 1500 years from birth, developing, mature, glamour to decline, it is in accord with the period of important east asia culture expansion. The block printing was always trying hard to adapt and satisfy the needs of culture and socity in the progress of self-improvement, and it act as irreplaceable role in cultural spreading, cultural integration, cultural identity and bureaucracy forming and which ensures the characteristcs of east asia cultural zone directly. It worth to be studied by futurity.

The Bi-Sex Life Table and Predatory Capacity of Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) on Dermatophagoides frarinae Hughes

Huai-Hui Wu 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05

Active mass driver control system for suppressing wind-induced vibration of the Canton Tower

Huai-bing Xu,Jin-ping Ou,Chun-wei Zhang,Hui Li,Ping Tan,Fu-lin Zhou 국제구조공학회 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.13 No.2

In order to suppress the wind-induced vibrations of the Canton Tower, a pair of active mass river (AMD) systems has been installed on the top of the main structure. The structural principal directions n which the bending modes of the structure are uncoupled are proposed and verified based on the rthogonal projection approach. For the vibration control design in the principal X direction, the simplified odel of the structure is developed based on the finite element model and modified according to the field measurements under wind excitations. The AMD system driven by permanent magnet synchronous linear otors are adopted. The dynamical models of the AMD subsystems are determined according to the pen-loop test results by using nonlinear least square fitting method. The continuous variable gain feedback VGF) control strategy is adopted to make the AMD system adaptive to the variation in the intensity of wind excitations. Finally, the field tests of free vibration control are carried out. The field test results of AMD control show that the damping ratio of the first vibration mode increases up to 11 times of the original value without control.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of Population-based Studies

Huai, Jia-Ping,Ding, Jin,Ye, Xiao-Hua,Chen, Yan-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

Objective: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer, whereas its impact on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain a reliable estimate of the risk of CC in IBD patients through a meta-analysis of clinical observational studies. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science Databases up to Dec 2013. Four population-based case-control and two cohort studies with IBD were identified. Summary relative risk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analyses. Results: The pooled risk estimate indicated IBD patients were at increased risk of CC (RR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.47-4.72). Moreover, the increased risk of CC was also associated with Crohn's disease (RR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.59-4.55) and ulcerative colitis (RR = 3.40, 95%CI = 2.50-4.62). In addition, site-specific analyses revealed that IBD patients had an increased risk of intrahepatic CC (ICC) (RR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.72-3.95) and extrahepatic CC (ECC) (RR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.10-1.97). Conclusions: This study suggests the risk of CC is significantly increased among IBD patients, especially in ICC cases. Further studies are warranted to enable definite conclusions to be drawn.

INVESTIGATION OF EMISSION RATES OF AMMONIA, NITROUS OXIDE AND OTHER EXHAUST COMPOUNDS FROM ALTERNATIVE- FUEL VEHICLES USING A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER

Huai, T.,Durbin, T.-D.,Rhee, S.-H.,Norbeck, J.-M. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.1

Exhaust emissions were characterized for a fleet of 10 alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVx) including 5 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. 3 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles and 2 85% methanol/15% California Phase 2 gasoline (M85) vehicles. In addition to the standard regulated emissions and detailed speciation of organic gas compounds, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure ammonia (NH$_3$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2$O) emissions. NH$_3$, emissions averaged 0.124 g/mi for the vehicle fleet with a range from <0.004 to 0.540 g/mi. $N_2$O emissions averaged 0.022 g/mi over the vehicle fleet with range from <0.002 to 0.077 g/mi. Modal emissions showed that both NH$_3$, and $N_2$O emissions began during catalyst light-off and continued as the catalyst reached its operating temperature. $N_2$O emissions primarily were formed during the initial stages of catalyst light-off. Detailed speciation measurements showed that the principal component of the fuel was also the primary organic gas species found in the exhaust. In particular, methane, propane and methanol composed on average 93%, 79%, and 75% of the organic gas emissions, respectively, for the CNG, LPG. and M85 vehicles.

Improved Hausdorff Distance Based Pilot Protection for Multi-terminal HVDC system

Huai Qing,Qin Liang,Liu Kaipei,Xu Yi,Wang Fangzhou,Ding Hua 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.4

In order to overcome the weakness of dc line protection under high impedance fault, a traveling wave similarity based pilot protection method is proposed using improved Hausdorff Distance algorithm. The issue of asynchronous data, noise and anomalies are solved with the improved Hausdorff Distance algorithm. The instantaneous frequency based wave head detection method is used to overcome the problem of delay in protection start-up. Based on this protection scheme, external fault can be distinguished from internal faults regardless of fault impedance, fault location and fault type. Moreover, the faulty pole and fault direction are recognized via ratio of transient energy at line terminals. Taking the Zhangbei high voltage dc transmission project as an example, a four-terminal ring type dc grid model is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC platform for fault simulation and the data processing is performed in MATLAB platform. Based on the theoretical analysis and simulation study, the proposed pilot protection is verifi ed with excellent fault impedance withstanding ability and robustness against noise, abnormal data and asynchronous data.

Experimental Study on Time-dependent Behavior of Silty Mudstone from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Huai Chang Yu,Han Dong Liu,Zhi Quan Huang,Guang Cheng Shi 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.21 No.3

Short-term and creep tests were performed on saturated silty mudstone obtained from the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Based on the triaxial creep test results, the variations of creep strain and creep rate of silty mudstone with time were analyzed in detail, and the differences between the axial and lateral creep parameters were quantitatively studied at different deviatoric stress levels. The longterm strength of silty mudstone was obtained. The results demonstrate that the lateral creep characteristics are more significant than the axial creep characteristics for silty mudstone in the tests. Analysis of the lateral creep characteristics of the rock is a reasonable approach to determine whether creep failure occurs in the silty mudstone. The long-term strength of silty mudstone decreases remarkably, and it is actually the lateral long-term strength of the rock. According to the triaxial creep curves of silty mudstone, a new nonlinear viscoelasto-plastic creep model was proposed by connecting in series the nonlinear viscoplastic body with the sixcomponent model. Comparing the model curves with test results, this model was determined to reflect the creep properties of silty mudstone accurately. Finally, the selection of the creep model parameters was achieved by considering the axial and lateral creep characteristics of silty mudstone.

Effects of Strawberry Propagation Method on Runner-plant Survival, Quality, and on Stock Plant Runners Growth and Flowering

Huai-En Kuo,Kuo-Tan Li,Iou-Zen Chen 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-