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( Hoy Taek Kim ),( Arif Hasan Khan Robin ),( Ill Sup Nou ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.2
Identification and authentication of parentage are important for effective pear breeding. Within Korean pear cultivars discrepancies are often reported between parents and offspring in skin color of fruits and also in S-genotypes suggesting that reported parentage was often inappropriate. In Korea, the parentage of the most of pear cultivars was never confirmed at the molecular level. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping and S-genotype analysis are considered effective in identifying parents. In this study, parentage of nine Korean bred cultivars was confirmed using SSR genotyping and S-genotype analysis. A total of 53 SSR markers were used. Six different haplotype-specific endonucleases were used for restriction cleavage of S-genotypes. Most of the Korean bred cultivars had six comparatively shorter S-RNase, S(1), S(3), S(4), S(5), S(6), or S(7) of 450 bp in length whereas the Japanese control cultivars had four other comparatively longer S-RNase. Out of nine pear cultivars only ``Chuwhangbae`` and ``Whangkeumbae`` had identical SSR genotypes and S-genotype with previously reported parents. For another cultivar, ``Sujeonbae``, the parents were the mutants of reported parent, ``Niitaka``. For four other cultivars, SSR and S-genotypes of offspring matched with only one reported parent ``Niitaka`` but those of another parent did not match. For the two other pear cultivars ``Soowhangbae`` and ``Sooyoung`` none of reported parents were confirmed by SSR genotyping and S-genotype analysis. Historically, the parent ``Niitaka`` was predominant in the Korean pear breeding programs because of its high yield potential and quality. The methods have been used in this study could be used to identify pear cultivars with diverse S-genotypes to eliminate any existing obscure parent-offspring relations.
Hoy-Taek Kim,Ill-Sup Nou 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.3
The parentage of the horticulturally important pear cultivar ‘Niitaka’ was confirmed by determining its S -genotypes based on the S-RNase and PpSFBB-γ genes, and genotyping using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Previous reports suggested that the cultivars ‘Amanogawa’ and ‘Imamuraaki’ were the parents of ‘Niitaka’, although the cultivars ‘Chojuro’ and ‘Shinchu’ were also examined as candidate parents, along with two other cultivars. In the present study, the S -genotype of ‘Niitaka’ was determined to be S³S⁹. The S⁹-RNase of ‘Niitaka’ was found to be likely inherited from the parent ‘Amanogawa’ (S¹S⁹) and the S³-RNase from ‘Chojuro’ (S³S⁵) or ‘Shinchu’ (S³S⁵). Based on the S-genotypes, the cultivar ‘Imamuraaki’ (S¹S⁶) had no contribution to the parentage of ‘Niitaka’ (S³S⁹). A total of 67 polymorphic SSR markers were used to further confirm the parentage of ‘Niitaka’. Discrepancies were found at several SSR loci between ‘Niitaka’ and the cultivars ‘Imamuraaki’ and ‘Shinchu’, whereas ‘Niitaka’ inherited alleles from ‘Amanogawa’ and ‘Chojuro’ at all SSR loci. Therefore, our findings established that ‘Amanogawa’ and ‘Chojuro’ are the parents of pear cultivar ‘Niitaka’, and not ‘Imamuraaki’ as previously reported.
Identification of a New Race and Development of DNA Markers Associated with Powdery Mildew in Melon
( Hoy Taek Kim ),( Jong In Park ),( Arif Hasan Khan Robin ),( Tomoko Ishikawa ),( Maki Kuzuya ),( Manabu Horii ),( Katsutoshi Yashiro ),( Ill Sup Nou ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.2
Powdery mildew disease caused by an obligatory parasitic fungus Podosphaera xanthii is a serious problem of melon (Cucumis melo L.) production worldwide. Severity of problem is further associated with emergence of new races over the years. In this study a new race of powdery mildew fungus was discovered from Ibaraki, Japan. The race was different from all other existing races of P. xanthii occurring in Japan. Phenotypic and genetic analysis established the new fungus type as a new race, N5. Ten melon lines were infected with a total of eight fungal races including the new N5 race and it was found that all melon lines had different disease reactions against the new race compared to other seven races. Only four melon genotypes were found resistant out of 42 commercial cultivars and lines were tested. Disease reactions of two sets of F2 populations and one set of backcross population revealed that two separate epistatic gene loci located in two different linkage groups (LG), LG II and LG XII, interact together for the resistant or susceptible reaction of melon lines. A total of six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were found polymorphic in melon lines out of 16 tested in response to N5 race. Two different sets of F2 populations between resistant and susceptible melon lines were assessed with two polymorphic SSR markers located in two different groups, LG II and LG XII. SSR genotyping yielded 78% and 94% expected polymerase chain reaction fragments in favor of resistance or susceptibility of F2 populations of CM17187×PMR5 and PMR45×PMR5 of melon lines, respectively.