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Towards Safety Based Design Procedure for Ships
Bakker, Marijn,Boonstra, Hotze,Engelhard, Wim,Daman, Bart The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2001 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.5 No.3
Present-day rules and regulations for the design and construction of ships are almost without exemption of a prescriptive and deterministic nature. Often it is argued that this situation is far from ideal; it does no right to the advances, which have been made during the past decades in engineering tools in marine technology, both in methodology and in computational power. Within IMO this has been realized for some time and has resulted in proposals to use Formal Safety Assessment(FSA) as a tool to improve and to modernize the rule making process. The present paper makes use of elements of the FSA methodology, but instead of working towards generic regulations or requirements, a Risk Assessment Approach, not unlike a 'safety case'; valid for a certain ship or type of ship is worked out. Delft University of Technology investigated the application of safely assessment procedures in ship design, in co-operation with Anthony Veder Shipowners and safety experts from Safely Service Center BV. The ship considered is a semi-pressurized-fully refrigerated LPG carrier. On the basis of the assumption that a major accident occurs, various accident, scenarios were considered and assessed, which would impair the safety of the carrier. In a so-called Risk Matrix, in which accident frequencies versus the consequence of the scenarios are depicted, the calculated risks all appeared lo be in the ALARP('as low as reasonable practicable') region. A number of design alternatives were compared, both on safety merits and cost-effectiveness. The experience gained with this scenario-based approach will be used to establish a set of general requirements for safety assessment techniques in ship design. In the view that assessment results will be most probably presented in a quasi-quantified manner, the requirements are concerned with uniformity of both the safety assessment. These requirements make it possible that valid comparison between various assessment studies can be made. Safety assessment, founded on these requirements, provides a validated and helpful source of data during the coming years, and provides naval architects and engineers with tools experience and data for safety assessment procedures in ship design. However a lot of effort has to be spent in order to make the methods applicable in day-to-day practice.
Metal nanoparticle direct inkjet printing for low-temperature 3D micro metal structure fabrication
Ko, Seung Hwan,Chung, Jaewon,Hotz, Nico,Nam, Koo Hyun,Grigoropoulos, Costas P IOP 2010 JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING - Vol.20 No.12
<P>Inkjet printing of functional materials is a key technology toward ultra-low-cost, large-area electronics. We demonstrate low-temperature 3D micro metal structure fabrication by direct inkjet printing of metal nanoparticles (NPs) as a versatile, direct 3D metal structuring approach representing an alternative to conventional vacuum deposition and photolithographic methods. Metal NP ink was inkjet-printed to exploit the large melting temperature drop of the nanomaterial and the ease of the NP ink formulation. Parametric studies on the basic conditions for stable 3D inkjet printing of NP ink were carried out. Furthermore, diverse 3D metal microstructures, including micro metal pillar arrays, helices, zigzag and micro bridges were demonstrated and electrical characterization was performed. Since the process requires low temperature, it carries substantial potential for fabrication of electronics on a plastic substrate.</P>
Ko, Seung Hwan,Lee, Daeho,Hotz, Nico,Yeo, Junyeob,Hong, Sukjoon,Nam, Koo Hyun,Grigoropoulos, Costas P. American Chemical Society 2012 Langmuir Vol.28 No.10
<P>In this article, we introduce fully digital selective ZnO nanowire array growth on inkjet-printed seed patterning. Through proper natural convection suppression during hydrothermal growth, successful ZnO nanowire local growth can be achieved. Without any need for photolithographic processing or stamp preparation, the nanowire growth location can be easily modified when the inkjet printing process is integrated with a CAD (computer-aided design) system to allow a high degree of freedom when the design needs to be changed. The current proposed process is very fast, low-cost, environmentally benign, and low-temperature. Therefore, it can be applied to a flexible plastic substrate and scaled up for larger substrates for mass production or roll-to-roll processing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2012/langd5.2012.28.issue-10/la203781x/production/images/medium/la-2011-03781x_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la203781x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
SQUID-Based Microwave Cavity Search for Dark-Matter Axions
Asztalos, S. J.,Carosi, G.,Hagmann, C.,Kinion, D.,van Bibber, K.,Hotz, M.,Rosenberg, L. J,Rybka, G.,Hoskins, J.,Hwang, J.,Sikivie, P.,Tanner, D. B.,Bradley, R.,Clarke, J. American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.104 No.4
<P>Axions in the microeV mass range are a plausible cold dark-matter candidate and may be detected by their conversion into microwave photons in a resonant cavity immersed in a static magnetic field. We report the first result from such an axion search using a superconducting first-stage amplifier (SQUID) replacing a conventional GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier. This experiment excludes KSVZ dark-matter axions with masses between 3.3 microeV and 3.53 microeV and sets the stage for a definitive axion search utilizing near quantum-limited SQUID amplifiers.</P>