Enzymatic Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Gypenoside XVII into Ginsenosides Rd and F2 by Recombinant β-glucosidase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae

Hong, Hao,Cui, Chang-Hao,Kim, Jin-Kwang,Jin, Feng-Xie,Kim, Sun-Chang,Im, Wan-Taek The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.4

This study focused on the enzymatic biotransformation of the major ginsenoside Rb1 into Rd for the mass production of minor ginsenosides using a novel recombinant ${\beta}$-glucosidase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae. The gene (bglF3) consisting of 2,235 bp (744 amino acid residues) was cloned and the recombinant enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was characterized. This enzyme could transform ginsenoside Rb1 and gypenoside XVII to the ginsenosides Rd and F2, respectively. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused BglF3 was purified with GST-bind agarose resin and characterized. The kinetic parameters for ${\beta}$-glucosidase had apparent $K_m$ values of $0.91{\pm}0.02$ and $2.84{\pm}0.05$ mM and $V_{max}$ values of $5.75{\pm}0.12$ and $0.71{\pm}0.01{\mu}mol{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}mg$ of $protein^{-1}$ against p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside and Rb1, respectively. At optimal conditions of pH 6.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, BglF3 could only hydrolyze the outer glucose moiety of ginsenoside Rb1 and gypenoside XVII at the C-20 position of aglycon into ginsenosides Rd and F2, respectively. These results indicate that the recombinant BglF3 could be useful for the mass production of ginsenosides Rd and F2 in the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry.

Research on Probabilistic Model based Services Composition Compatibility Focusing on Structural Behaviors Modeling

Honghao Gao,Yucong Duan,Yonghua Zhu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.6

With the increasing of Web services on Internet, services composition requests considering not only the static information compatibility, such as interface grammar and semantic, but also the structural behavior compatibility, i.e., control flow and communication protocol. However, due to the uncertainty of Internet, application failures occurred in service-based software will cause kinds of economic losses. This stochastic phenomenon has been impacted on the structural behavior which makes services composition should take the probabilistic compatibility into account. The probabilistic compatibility needs to compute the degree of compatibility for the effective performance evaluation, which has been an important issue during services collaboration. In this paper, the probabilistic interface automaton is proposed to formalize service behaviors. Then, the synchronized product model is used to the qualitative checking for verifying whether they can interact with each other or not. Third, the probabilistic compatibilities of composite service and component service are discussed for the quantitative computing. Our method provides a reference to generate the correctness and reliable services composition.

Identification of HYIpro-3-1 Metabolites, a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Compound, in Human Liver Microsomes by Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

( Honghao Bai ),( Younah Kim ),( Sanjita Paudel ),( Eung-seok Lee ),( Sangkyu Lee ) 한국질량분석학회 2021 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.12 No.4

HYIpro-3-1 is an adjuvant for preventing or treating inflammatory growth diseases. In this study, we identified the metabolic pathway of HYIpro-3-1 in human liver microsomes (HLMs) by quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and characterized the major human cytochrome P450 (CYP). Ten metabolites were identified, including one O-demethylation (M1), two O-demethylation and monohydroxylation (M2 and M3), and seven monohydroxylation metabolites (M4-M10). Based on the HR-MS2 spectra, the metabolites are divided into two groups of monohydroxylated metabolites according to the hydroxylation position. We verified that HYIpro-3-1 is metabolized by CYP in HLMs, CYP2B6 is mainly involved in O-demethylation, and various CYPs are involved in the monohydroxylation of HYIpro-3-1.

Research on Service Process Verification of Probabilistic Spanning Tree for Dynamic Composition

Honghao Gao,Ying Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.10

Web services have been widely employed in E-commerce system. It is a flexible way to use third-party applications for complex business logics implementation, which supports data transparent transmission via public interfaces. However, the single service with a fixed function has limitations to the diversity and complexity of user requirements, especially the interoperability of applications interactions. To address the challenge, the capability of dynamic services composition aims to select services and assign them to business process. However, there are kinds of possible composition plans to satisfy requested functions. It is a great importance to evaluate these plans to guarantee the solution of services composition is correctness and acceptable. In this paper, it proposes a service process verification approach to probabilistic spanning tree for dynamic composition. First, the probabilistic spanning tree is introduced to describe services composition plans according to the interface operations decomposition of given service requirements. Second, the service process model is generated from probabilistic spanning tree based on different pruning strategies, where the formal verification is performed to check each solution against quantitative properties related to the functional and non-functional requirements. Our method is feasibility to dynamic services composition since the quantitative verification guarantees the performance of composition solution.

Evaluation of the close degree of the spatial relationship between natural enemies of tea gardens and Frankliniella intonsa based on variance analysis of cluster samples

Honghao Cheng,Shiyan Chen,Xiaomeng Wu,Yue Xu,Lin Zhang,Jiazhao Sun,Xiazhi Zhou,Yunding Zou,Shoudong Bi 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.6

The aim of this paper is to clarify the difference of spatial closeness between natural enemies and Frankliniella intonsa, and to provide a scientific basis for rational protection and utilization of natural enemies. This paper applied the block-sample square difference analysis method, Gray correlation degree method, the aggregation intensity index method and ρ index method to study the difference in the closeness of the spatial relationship between F. intonsa and natural enemies when the number of F. intonsa and their natural enemies was the highest and the minimum area occupied by F. i n t o n s a individuals and colonies in five tea plantations in Hefei, Anhui province in 2021 and four tea plantations in 2020. The results were as follows: 1) Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, Xysticus ephippiafus, Erigonidium graminicolum and Theridion Octomaculatum were the top four natural enemies closely related to F. intonsa in 2021. The top three natural enemies closely related to F. intonsa in 2020 were Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, Xysticus ephippiafus and Theridion Octomaculatum. Tw o y e a r s a g o , Tetragnatha squamata Karsch and Xysticus ephippiafus were the same. 2) Cluster size did not change the distribution patterns of natural enemies and F. intonsa. 3) The aggregation of F. intonsa was caused by their own causes or some environmental factors, and the aggregation of natural enemies was caused by environmental factors. 4) In 2021, the minimum area occupied by individuals and groups of F. intonsa in tea gardens was 2m2, and in 2020, it was 8 m2.

Robust Fuzzy Variable Structure Control of T-S Model for a Quadrotor Unmanned Air Vehicle

Honghao Wang,Mao Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.5

This paper considers the fuzzy modeling and robust fuzzy variable control for quadrotor in uncertain environment. The nonlinear system of quadrotor is firstly analyzed in this paper by utilizing laws of motion and force. Then, a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is achieved to approximate the system. LMI method is used to acquire an improved sliding surface. On this basis, a fuzzy variable structure controller is designed to force the system state trajectory toward sliding surface and maintain on it then. The controller ensures the resulting closed-loop quadrotor system is asymptotically stable. Finally, a simulation is shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Research on Probabilistic Optimization to Dynamic Composition for Service Replacement

Honghao Gao,Minjie Bian,Yucong Duan,Yonghua Zhu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.10

A growing number of enterprises have been moving their works to encapsulate system functions, business logics and processing modules into Web service because of its flexibility and low-cost. However, service-oriented software calls for constantly adjusting its architecture in order to respond to varying user requirements and instable runtime environments. One of the most challenging issues is how to effectively implement a reconfiguration to ensure the business-critical application is trustworthy. In this paper, it proposes a method to dynamic composition for service replacement, which focuses on the probabilistic optimization to service planning of candidate compositions when the service failure is occurred. First, the input and output data specification is defined to describe interface behaviors, and then the probabilistic solution graph is introduced to formalize replacement strategies. Second, corresponding algorithms are discussed for optimization selection purpose, which includes reliability calculation process and model modification process. The former computes the probability value of each service planning generated from probabilistic solution graph. The latter modifies probabilistic solution graph model to recommend Top-k solutions, pruning the service planning which does not satisfy the specified probability value. Third, the architecture of prototype is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Our method provides a reference to guarantee the reliability of service process in E-commerce.

Analysis of the following effect of the natural enemies with Frankliniella intonsa in tea garden

Cheng Honghao,Chen Shiyan,Wu Xiaomeng,Xu Yue,Zhang Lin,Sun Jiazhao,Zhou Xiazhi,Zou Yunding,Bi Shoudong 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.8

In order to reasonably protect and utilize natural enemies for comprehensive control of Frankliniella intonsa, a systematic investigation was conducted on F. i n t o n s a and natural enemies in tea gardens in Hefei, Anhui Province, and the spatial following effect of natural enemies on F. intonsa was studied. The semi-variogram of natural enemies and thrips was obtained by the geostatistics method, and the correlation degree between them was analyzed by the grey correlation degree analysis method. The higher the correlation degree between natural enemies and F. intonsa, the closer the relationship between natural enemies and F. intonsa was. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between 11 natural enemies of F. i n t o n s a in tea gardens from October 28, 2020 to November 20, 2020 and from August 22, 2021 to November 19, 2021. The top five natural enemies with the largest closeness index to F. intonsa in Huangshan Dayezhong tea garden are Oxyopes sertatus, Theridion octomaculatum, Plexippus setipes, Xysticus ephippiafus and Erigonidium graminicolum. The top five natural enemies with the largest closeness index to F. intonsa in Pingyang Tezao tea garden are Erigonidium graminicolum, Plexippus setipes, Xysticus ephippiafus, Oxyopes sertatus and Clubiona japonicola.Among the top five natural enemies in the two tea gardens, those in common are Oxyopes sertatus, Erigonidium graminicolum, Xysticus ephippiafus and Plexippus setipes. According to the summation of the closeness index and the sum of the serial numbers, the top five natural enemies closely related to the spatial following of F. intonsa in the tea gardens were Oxyopes sertatus, Plexippus setipes, Erigonidium graminicolum, Xysticus ephippiafus and Theridion octomaculatum. One of the factors closely related to the space of F. i n t o n s a in the same tea garden was the ratio of F. i n t o n s a to a certain natural enemy. The smaller the ratio was, the closer the following relationship was. The results of this study provide scientific basis for biological control and natural enemy protection of F. intonsa.

쑤저우박물관의 공간디자인 특성과 지역성 연구

홍호(HongHao),윤지영(Yoon Jiyoung) 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.3

Chinese master architect, Ieoh Ming Pei , is known as the last master of modernist architecture in the 20th century. He belongs to a practical architect and attaches attention to abstract form. And in works, most of them are epoch-making architecture, he integrated and extracted traditional Chinese culture and thoughts, and presented us a brand-new architecture style with Chinese characteristics through abstract architectural language. His architectural thoughts will have a significant impact on the development of Chinese modern architecture. Urban regional environment plays a decisive role in architectural space. This paper studies the environmental features of the new Suzhou museum and concludes that in the face of urban regional environment limitation, Ieoh Ming Pei takes design method of extending regional environment. In terms of architectural form, the analysis focuses on its modernism design concept and aesthetic tendency through concluding this outside design as several geometric configurations. Besides, it also points out that its internal space layout references to that of traditional Suzhou garden, which endows it with features of traditional Chinese layout, and its garden features modernism concise style and the loneliness of Japanese withered landscape garden. At last, this paper also explores the shadow, landscape, view borrowing of the new Suzhou museum, as well as the author’s thought from the design of the new museum.

Position-based Data Dissemination to Interested Region in VANETs

Shuoping Wang,Meng Kuai,Honghao Gao 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.7 No.5

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are expected to provide assistance to various applications, such as accident broadcast or emergency notification. Some kinds of applications need data to be delivered in a certain region by geocast, which means disseminating information in a specific area, instead of using a certain IP address. In this paper, we propose a data dissemination protocol for VANETs, which delivers data to all the vehicles in an interested region. We assume each vehicle is equipped with GPS and DSRC devices. Our simulation results show that this data dissemination protocol can contribute to high delivery ratio. Also, it performs well in adaptability during heavy traffic.