Methods on improvements of the poor oral bioavailability of ginsenosides: Pre-processing, structural modifi cation, drug combination, and micro- or nano- delivery system

Qi-rui Hu,Huan Hong,Zhi-hong Zhang,Hua Feng,Ting Luo,Jing Li,Ze-yuan Deng,Fang Chen 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6

Panax ginseng Meyer is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used as tonic in Asia. The mainpharmacologically active components of ginseng are the dammarane-type ginsenosides, which havebeen shown to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, and metabolicregulatory activities. Moreover, some of ginsenosides (eg, Rh2 and Rg3) have been developed intonutraceuticals. However, the utilization of ginsenosides in clinic is restrictive due to poor permeability incells and low bioavailability in human body. Obviously, the dammarane skeleton and glycosyls of ginsenosidesare responsible for these limitations. Therefore, improving the oral bioavailability of ginsenosideshas become a pressing issue. Here, based on the structures of ginsenosides, we summarized theunderstanding of the factors affecting the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides, introduced the methods toenhance the oral bioavailability and proposed the future perspectives on improving the oral bioavailabilityof ginsenosides.

Causal Relations between Exposome and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Hong-Qi Li,Yi-Wei Feng,Yu-Xiang Yang,Xin-Yi Leng,Prof Can Zhang,Shi-Dong Chen,Kevin Kuo,Shu-Yi Huang,Xue-Qing Zhang,Yi Dong,Xiang Han,Xin Cheng,Mei Cui,Lan Tan,Qiang Dong,Jin-Tai Yu 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2

Background and Purpose To explore the causal relationships of elements of the exposome with ischemic stroke and its subtypes at the omics level and to provide evidence for stroke prevention. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization study between exposure and any ischemic stroke (AIS) and its subtypes (large-artery atherosclerotic disease [LAD], cardioembolic stroke [CE], and small vessel disease [SVD]). The exposure dataset was the UK Biobank involving 361,194 subjects, and the outcome dataset was the MEGASTROKE consortium including 52,000 participants. Results We found that higher blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP: odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.04; diastolic BP: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; pulse pressure: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.25), and diabetes (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.18) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Importantly, higher education (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.79) decreased the risk of ischemic stroke. Higher systolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10), pulse pressure (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14), diabetes (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45), and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.00) could cause LAD. Atrial fibrillation could cause CE (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.71 to 2.11). For SVD, higher systolic BP (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07), diastolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.12), and diabetes (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.36) were causal factors. Conclusions The study revealed elements of the exposome causally linked to ischemic stroke and its subtypes, including conventional causal risk factors and novel protective factors such as higher education.

On the Development Model of Independent Colleges in China

Qi-Hong, Pan,Sook-Yi, Kim 한국성인계속교육학회 2017 성인계속교육연구 Vol.8 No.1

Beneficial effects of andrographolide in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis and its effects on PI3K/Akt pathway

Qi Zhang,Li-qun Hu,Hong-qi Li,Jun Wu,Na-na-Bian,Guang Yan 대한약리학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.2

The study is to investigate effects of andrographolide on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Lewis rats were immunized on day 0 with porcine cardiac myosin to establish EAM. The EAM rats were treated with either andrographolide (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 21 days. An antigen-specific splenocytes proliferation assay was performed by using the cells from control rats immunized with cardiac myosin. Survival rates, myocardial pathology and myocardial functional parameters (left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, ± dP/dt and left ventricular internal dimension) of EAM rats received andrographolide were significantly improved. Andrographolide treatment caused an decrease in the infiltration of CD3+ and CD14+ positive cells in myocardial tissue. Moreover, andrographolide treatment caused a reduction in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and myosin-antibody, and an increase in the level of IL-10 in EAM rats. Oral administration of andrographolide resulted in the decreased expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt without any change of PI3K and Akt. Further results indicate andrographolide significantly inhibited myosin-induced proliferation in splenocytes, and this effect was inhibited by co-treatment of SC79 (Akt activator). Our data indicate andrographolide inhibits development of EAM, and this beneficial effect may be due to powerful anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory effect on PI3K/Akt pathway.

A New Audio Event Detection Method by Using Contextual Information

Qi Hong-zhuo,Chen De-yun 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.3

This paper focuses on audio event detection in tennis match. A new audio event detection method is proposed my making use of contextual information. This method detects the sounds of ball hit and line judge’s shout by the grunts of players when they hit the ball. To model for audio events, the proposed method adopts unsupervised learning to use the information of grunts. Compared with current methods, the proposed method possesses two advantages. First, it does not need any labeled data which is appeal in real applications. Second, this method can reduce the mismatch between training and testing to further improve the performance. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the performance of audio event detection substantially.

Clinical Profles and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Adult Chinese Patients

Hong-Qi Yang,Wen-Cong Zhao,Wei-Min Yang,Yong-Li Li,Zhi-Kun Sun,Shuai Chen,Wei Li,Jian-Jun Ma 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.3

Background and PurposezzAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an infammatory demyelinating disorder that predominantly afects children. Previous studies have mostly involved children in Western developed countries. MethodszzTis study retrospectively reviewed the clinical profles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients. ResultszzADEM occurred during summer and autumn in about two-thirds of the 42 included patients. Prior infection was found in fve patients and no preimmunization was recorded. Te most frequent clinical presentations were alterations in consciousness (79%) and behavior changes (69%), followed by motor defcits (64%) and fever (50%). About one-quarter (26%) of the patients showed positive results for oligoclonal bands, and about half of them exhibited increases in the IgG index and 24-hour IgG synthesis rate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed white- and gray-matter lesions in 83% and 23% of the patients, respectively. Steroids were the main treatment, and full recovery occurred in 62% of the patients, with residual focal neurological defcits recorded in a few patients. Afer a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years, two patients exhibited recurrence and one patient exhibited a multiphasic course. One patient was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). ConclusionszzWith the exception of the seasonal distribution pattern and prior vaccine rate, the clinical profles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients are similar to those in pediatric populations. No specifc markers are available for distinguishing ADEM from MS at the initial presentation. Careful clinical evaluations, cerebrospinal fuid measurements, and neuroradiological examinations with long-term follow-up will aid the correct diagnosis of ADEM.

Resource Self-adaptive Allocation Method Based on Mixed Prediction Cloud Platform

Hong Qi,Honge Ren,Guanglei Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.3

There are some problems in the existing cloud platform resource allocation methods, such as low rates of resource utilization and the lack of accurate prediction of the trend changes of resources, etc. To solve these problems, MPRA(Mixed Prediction Based Resource Allocation)was proposed. According to the periodic and non-periodic characteristics of service resources demand, MPRA first adopts FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) to judge the periodic characteristics. For resource allocation without periodic characteristics, it uses Markov process to predict, and obtains the higher resource utilization and prediction accuracy, thus, to ensure the user experience. The experimental results show that MPRA can accurately predict the change trend of service resource requirements, and then can allocate the virtual machine resources self-adaptively according to the prediction results. Obviously, it has improved the virtual machine resources utilization, reduced the occupation number of physical machines and effectively reduced the violation times in SLA (Service-level Agreement).

8-60hIPP5^m-Induced G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Involves Activation of ATM/p53/p21^cip1/waf1 Pathways and Delayed Cyclin B1 Nuclear Translocation

Zeng, Qi-Yan,Zeng, Lin-Jie,Huang, Yu,Huang, Yong-Qi,Zhu, Qi-Fang,Liao, Zhi-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.9

Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase that controls gene expression and cell cycle progression. The active mutant IPP5 ($8-60hIPP5^m$), the latest member of the inhibitory molecules for PP1, has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa). In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the present study assessed overexpression of $8-60hIPP5^m$ in HeLa cells. Flow cytometric and biochemical analyses showed that overexpression of $8-60hIPP5^m$ induced G2/M-phase arrest, which was accompanied by the upregulation of cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of G2/M-phase proteins ATM, p53, $p21^{cip1/waf1}$ and Cdc2, suggesting that $8-60hIPP5^m$ induces G2/M arrest through activation of the ATM/p53/$p21^{cip1/waf1}$/Cdc2/cyclin B1 pathways. We further showed that overexpression of $8-60hIPP5^m$ led to delayed nuclear translocation of cyclin B1. $8-60hIPP5^m$ also could translocate to the nucleus in G2/M phase and interact with $pp1{\alpha}$ and Cdc2 as demonstrated by co-precipitation assay. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel role for $8-60hIPP5^m$ in regulation of cell cycle in HeLa cells, possibly contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies for cervix carcinoma.

The Welfare Effects of U.S. Most - Favored - Nation Tariff Treatment of Exports from China : An Empirical Inquiry

Dong, Qi Hong 한국국제경제학회 2000 International Economic Journal Vol.14 No.1

This study provides estimates of the elasticities of the U.S. import demand for Chinese goods and of China's export supply to the U.S. The elasticity estimates are used to calculate the welfare effects on the U.S. and China of granting MFN treatment for China's exports. The static empirical results indicate that the U.S.'s extension of MFN treatment to China resulted in China's suppliers gaining $362.5 million, U.S. consumers directly gained $1,243.9 million, and the U.S. government increased its tariff revenue by at least $336.1 million for an overall U. S. gain of at least $1,580 million. These estimates were based on 1990 trade flows for the seven SITC groups included in this study. These results probably underestimate the benefits for the U.S. and China because of data unavailable, the study calculated the partial welfare effects for only seven SITC groups and because the study assumed static U.S. demand and Chinese supply conditions. If U.S. MFN treatment of China's exports were to end, China's textile and footwear industries would be hurt the most because of the importance of these industries in China's exports to the U.S. Furthermore, if the U.S. removes MFN preferences, China will probably take reciprocal action that will also limit U.S. exports to China. In general, if Washington denies MFN status to Beijing, Sino-American commercial as well as political relations would be seriously harmed.

Correlation of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonographic Features with Microvessel Density in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

Zhou, Qi,Jiang, Jue,Shang, Xu,Zhang, Hong-Li,Ma, Wen-Qi,Xu, Yong-Bo,Wang, Hua,Li, Miao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic (CEUS) features with microvessel density (MVD) in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). Materials and Methods: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performed in 62 patients (17 men and 45 women) with PTC. Tomtec software was applied to analyze the time intensity curve of CEUS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the level of MVD in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Then the relationship between quantitative feature and the level of MVD was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: The mean peak intensity of PTC tissues was lower than that of peripheral thyroid parenchyma ($61.9{\pm}11.8%$ vs 100%, p<0.05). The MVDs of CD34 and CD31 antibodies staining were $38.0{\pm}6.1$ and $37.9{\pm}5.1$ respectively in 62 PTC samples. A significantly positive correlation was observed between peak intensity and MVD in PTC tissues ($P_{CD34}$<0.01, $r_{CD34}$=0.838, $P_{CD31}$<0.01, $r_{CD31}$=0.837). Conclusions: The peak intensity in CEUS could reflect the MVD in PTC tissues. Therefore, quantification of CEUS seems to be helpful for assessment of MVD in PTC tissues.