http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
학교 시민 교육의 새로운 방향 모색 : 그 본질적 과제로의 회귀
윤덕홍 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1999 社會科學硏究 Vol.7 No.1
오늘의 우리 사회는 급속한 산업화를 통해 외형적으로는 산업사회에 진입하였지만 정치 사회·문화적인 측면에서는 아직도 전근대적인 구조에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 그런 의미에서 우리 사회의 궁극적 과제는 시민 개개인의 합리적인 의사결정 위에 기초한 시민사회의 형성이다. 사회과교육의 근본목적은 시민교육 에 있다. 따라서 이제는 미국의 시민교육을 그대로 도입할 것이 아니라 우리 사회가 시민사회로 변화하지 못하고 있는 현실을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 우리 사회를 변화시킬 수 있는 사회과학적인 교육프로그램이 필요한 시기가 되었다. 이 논문은 오늘의 우리 시민사회가 안고 있는 근본적인 과제를 도출하고 이를 기초로 사회과교육의 새로운 방향을 모색하기 위해 작성되었다.
축약형 월경전기평가서 표준화 연구 및 인터넷상에서 적용 가능성
이만홍,김지웅,이정현,김덕만 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.1
연구의 목적 : 연구의 목적은 축약형 월경 전기 평가서(Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form: SPAF)의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 알아보고, 인터넷상에서의 적용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법 : 월경전 불쾌장애 환자 28명과 월경 전 불쾌장애에 해당하지 않는 가임 연령의 여자 연구 대상자 27명을 대상으로 세브란스 여성 정신 건강 특수 클리닉 홈페이지를 통하여 축약형 월경전기평가를 시행하게끔 하였다. 월경전 불쾌장애의 진단은 2개월간의 전향적인 평가를 통해 내려졌다. 결 과 : 축약형 월경전기 평가서는 정동요인, 통증 요인, 수분 저류 요인으로 구성되어 있으며, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 0.80으로 우수하였다. 내적 일치도(Cronbach alpha) 또한 0.91로 우수하였으며, 월경전기평가서 점수와 축약형 월경전기 평가서의 상관계수는 0.92로 나타났다. 월경 전 불쾌장애 환자군과 월경전 불쾌장애에 해당하지 않는 연구 대상군 사이의 축약형 월경정기평가서 점수도 유의한 차이가 있었고(t=5.57, p<0.001), 판별 분석상에서 축약형 월경전기 평가서 점수가 두 집단을 잘 판별할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다(eigenvalue : 0.60, canonical correlation coefficiency : 0.61, Wilk's lamnda : 0.63). 두 집단을 구분하는 최적 절단점은 27점으로 추정되었고, 이때의 민감도(75%)와 특이도 76.9%)는 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과들을 종합할 때, 축약형 월경전기 평가서는 신뢰도 및 타당도가 우수한 월경전기증상 평가 도구로서 인터넷상에서도 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 도구임이 시사된다. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to investigate the reliability and validity of shortened premenstrual assessment form and the applicability to internet interface. Method : The total of 55 subjects were included in this study. Among them, 28 subjects had premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the other 27 subjects did not. All subjects performed the shortened premenstrual assessment form through internet interface in the homepage of Severance Woman Clinic. The diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was determined by prospective assessment for 2 months. Results : The shortened premenstrual assessment form consists of 3 factors : affect, pain and water retention. The test-retest reliability of this scale was 0.80, and internal consistency(Cronbach alpha) was 0.91. The correlation coeffeciecy between scores of the premenstrual assessment form and the shortened premenstrual assessment form was 0.92. The difference of the scores of the shortened premenstrual assessment form between the group of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and the group of non-premenstrual dysphoric disorder was significant(t=5.57, p<0.001). Discriminant analysis also revealed that the shortened premenstrual assessment form was useful to differentiate between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and non-premenstrual dysphoric disorder(eigenvalue : 0.60, canonical correlation coefficiency : 0.61, Wilk's lambda : 0.63). The cut-off point to differentiate between two groups was 27, and sensitivity(75.0%) and specificity(76.9%) of this scale for premenstrual dysphoric disorder was acceptable. Conclusion : In summary, the shortened premenstrual assessment form appeared to be reliable and valid for the assesment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. And the results of this study also suggest that the shortened premenstrual assessment form is a useful tool for internet interface application.
‘바람’의 개념에 대한 초등학생들의 인식도와 오개념 유형 분석
부덕현,홍승호 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.1
This study is aimed at investigating the patterns of the misconception of 'wind' taught in the science subjects of elementary curriculum and its formation process, correcting them anddeveloping them into right conception. In order to conduct this research, 107 students in urban and 100 students in rural are chosen among 6th grade elementary school students in Jeju province. The earth unit about 'wind' in the elementary science textbook are analyzed, and questions about scientific conception and their misconception are chosen. The followings are the analyzed results through survey. According to the results from students' misconception about the concept of 'wind' throughthe survey, more than 30% of students seem to show the misconception in the 7 questions outof 18 questions. The reasons of the misconceptions were classified into an immature cognitive development, difference in experience of individual, generalization by hasty decision and deduction, difficulty of question, textbook and so on. When urban students and rural students are compared, the urban students have a higherrate of misconception. The reason why students have such a high rate of misconception is that the rural students usually get knowledge through 'their own experience', and the urbanstudents normally get knowledge through 'private academic school, some books and so on.' Itmeans their surroundings have a great impact on their concept formation. When the differences of misconception between both gender about 'wind' are analyzed,female students have a higher rate of misconception. Male students are likely to have moreinterest in science than female students, so they have more chances to do kinds of outdooractivities than them. 본 연구는 초등과학 지구영역의 ‘바람’에 대한 개념 정도와 오개념 유형을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 제주도내 시지역과 농촌지역 초등학생 207명(남학생 103명, 여학생 104명)을 연구대상으로선정하였다. 검사도구를 개발하기 위하여 초등과학의 ‘바람’과 관련된 단원을 분석하여 과학적 문항과 오개념 문항들을 추출한 다음, 설문 조사를 통하여 그 자료를 통계 분석하였다. 주요 결과를보면, 전체학생에서 50% 이상의 오답율을 갖고 있는 문항은 5개로 나타났으며, 지식출처는 ‘과학시간 때 선생님에게 배워서’가 가장 높게 나타나 학교 교육 환경이 주로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 남학생 그룹과 여학생 그룹간의 비교에서는 총 18개의 문항 중 3개의 문항에서남학생과 여학생 간에 개념 정도에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 남학생은 여학생보다 자연환경에 접할 기회가 많고 활동이 많아 ‘바람’에 대한 과학적 개념이 높다고 판단된다. 그리고 도시학생과 농촌학생 간의 비교에서는 도시학생들이 농촌학생들보다 비교적 오답이 더 높게 나타났다. 문항별로 분석해 보면 지식위주의 문항에서는 도시학생이, 자연에서의 경험을 바탕으로 하는 문항에서는 농촌학생들이 높은 과학적 개념을 가졌다. 본 연구에서 ‘바람’에 관한 개념의 대부분이 자연현상에 관한 내용이므로 가시적으로 느끼기에는 어려움이 많고 정의적 속성도 인지될 수 없는 추상적인 것으로 인하여 오답이 높게 나타났다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 일선에서 지도하고 있는 교사들은초등학생들이 갖고 있는 ‘바람’에 관한 오개념의 유형을 잘 파악하여 이를 교정하려는 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 이를 위해서 교사는 가급적 가시적인 탐구활동이나 여러 가지 예를 통한 이해,모둠별 학습을 통한 토의, 개념변화를 위한 적절한 갈등 유발 등의 학습을 진행하여 해소시켜 나가야 할 것이다.
資産性 投資事業의 效果的 管理를 위한 經營情報시스템의 設計
崔德圓,崔相萬,洪永植 成均館大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
Most industries have several projects to undertake which fall into the category of capital investments. But the general tendency of their economic analysis has been confined to a project by project basis. This tendency made it very difficult to configurate overall possible impacts upon the value of a firm, and upon the future financial structure that may be produced from the performance of a certain set of selected project alternatives. This thesis attempts to resolve these shortcomings by adopting the concept of integrated management information system. For this purpose a data base schema was constructed to facilitate the systematic processing of capital investment information. From the cash flow information a desirable debt ratio (DDR) was determined to find the amount of debt that can be financed to each project under specified risk level. The DDR model, when applied with the 0-1 integer programming model, plays an important role in the selection of optimum project-mix that will keep the firm in healthy financial position throughout its planning horizon. Another important achievement from this study is that it was made possible to derive various kinds of expected financial ratios over the forthcoming time domain of top management's concern, while the conventional financial ratio analysis has been restricted to the past.
수온 변동 자극이 양식 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 비특이적 생체 방어에 미치는 영향
이덕찬,김도형,김수미,강명석,홍미주,김현정,박수일 한국어병학회 2002 한국어병학회지 Vol.15 No.2
본 연구는 넙치에 대한 수온 변동 자극의 영향을 생체 방어적인 측면에서 검토하고자 하였다. 수온 변동 자극은 매일 18℃에서 25℃까지 상승과 하강을 반복하는 방법을 사용하였으며 그 기간은 30일간 지속하였다. 실험어는 온도변화를 주기 시작한 후 28일째까지 무작위로 채포하여 말초혈액 중의 백혈구 수, 전혈의 식작용능, 활성산소, 환원능, chemiluminescence(CL) response 및 lysozyme용균능과 같은 각종 비특이적 생체방어와 관련한 실험을 수행하였다. 수온 변동 자극을 주기 시작한 후 1일째부터 시작하여 1주일 이내에 약 18%의 넙치가 폐사하였으며 이후에는 대조구와 유사하였다. 또한, 수온 변동 자극을 준 실험구의 호중구 수는 2주째에 유의적인 증가를 보였으며, 림프구 수는 2일과 3일째에 감소하였으나 1주째부터 대조구와 유사한 수준으로 회복되었다. 실험구에서는 식작용 결과 식균율과 식균지수에서 이물질 투여 후의 반응이 늦게 나타났다. 식세포의 활성을 조사한 NBT reduction 실험에서는 실험 기간 동안 대조구와 유사한 경향ㅇ르 나타내었다. 또한, CL response의 경우, 실험구는 온도 변동 자극초기에 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았다. 그리고, 식세포가 분비하는 용균성 효소인 점액 내 lysozyme의 활성은 실험 기간 동안 실험구에서 낮게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 여러 가지 비특이적 생체 방어 반응의 저하 현상은 수온 변동 자극 초기에 나타났으며, 1주일 정도 지속하면 그 환경에 적응하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 현상은 이들이 초기 폐사 발생과 어떤 상관 관계에 있는 것으로 생각되었다. This study was performed to know the effects of stress nduced by the daily fluctuation of water temperature fro 18? to 25? up and down for 30 days on the defence mechanism of olive flounde,r Paralichthys olivaceus. To make clear the temperature stress on the defense mechanism of the tested fish, several factors of immune response such as counting of leucocyte appearance in periopheral blood, phagocytic activity in whole blood cells, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reduction, chemiluminescence(CL) response, and lysozyme activity were investigated at 28 days after giving the change of water temperature. The fish was controlled under the none feeding condition during experimental period. Mortality of the tested fish was rapidly increased up to 22% within the first one week of the experimental period without any additional stress factors. The number of neutrophil of peripheral blood in the tested group was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week, but the number of lymphocyte was significantly lower than the control group at the 1st and 3rd day of the experimental period, respectively. In the NBT reduction test, the activity of macrophage in the control group fish was the highest on the 7th day while that in the tested group was on the 3rd day. Also, the phagocytosis of tested group against formalin killed cells was retarded compared with the control CL response of the tested group was significantly lower from 2nd to 5th day of the experimental period than the contro. The lysozyme activity of tested group was remained higher during the experimental period than the contro. Even through the tested fish showed different results in some non-specific factors of immune responses between tested and control group fish, olive flounder seems highly adaptable in repeated water temperature change in condition after one week under the given temperature fluctuation range
卞烘圭,閔丙德 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1997 敎育論叢 Vol.17 No.-
This study is aimed at examining the effects of the dynamic assessment on the mathematics attitude and achievement. Forty senior high school students were assigned to the two conditions of experiment: dynamic assessment (N=20) and traditional evaluation (N=20). The experiment was conducted by dynamic assessment such as writing essays, conducting experiments, providing written answers to problems or preparing portfolios. The results obtained from this experiment were as follows: First, the dynamic assessment showed a higher positive attitude on mathematics learning than the traditional evaluation. Second, the dynamic assessment showed a critically higher achievement on mathematics learning. A conclusion derived here is that the dynamic assessment is definitely a strong factor to bring higher cognitive skills, and thus an integrated instruction and assessment in mathematics must be encouraged.
尹德弘 영남이공대학 1979 論文集 Vol.8 No.-
The nation can be developed. in case of peoples have creative, volitional, active, positive life attitude. Recently our country is making rapid progress in industrial field. Therefore we need a plenty of technicians to work, particularly in heavy chemical industry and they have to work with volitional, positive attitude. However it is cleared by this research that most of students attending in Industrial Junior Colleges. which train future technicians in heavy chemical industry field, spend negative, spiritless daily life. I guess this phenomenon derived from inferiority complex, frustration of achievement motive, lack of group identity, collapse of self realization need. Positive and volitional life attitude come from group identity. In order to change of their present attitude for the hewer, therefore, it is most important that attachment to their Alma Mater should be elevated higher. However it is cleared by this research that most of students attending in Industrial Junior Colleges. which train future technicians in heavy chemical industry field, spend negative, spiritless daily life. I guess this phenomenon derived from inferiority complex, frustration of achievement motive, lack of group identity, collapse of self realization need. Positive and volitional life attitude come from group identity. In order to change of their present attitude for the hewer, therefore, it is most important that attachment to their Alma Mater should be elevated higher.
한국 사회의 근대화, 그 동인과 장애 및 과제 : Its Drive, Hinderance and Task
윤덕홍 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1997 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1
근대화는 사회발전의 전형적인 형태로서 선진 몇몇 나라를 제외하고는 아직도 대부분 국가들이 추구해야할 발전모델이기도 하다. 그 내용은 산업화된 경제구조,사회 전 영역에 걸친 민주화로 요약된다. 우리나라는 산업화에는 어느 정도 성공하였으나 민주화는 아직도 요원한 사회이다. 산업화에 성공하게 된 이유는 강력한 리더십, 근면과 교육을 중시하는 문화가 서로 어우러져 국제분업구조의 재편과정에 기민하게 편승할 수 있었던 점이 지적되고 있다. 그러나 산업화를 견인하였던 그 추진세력들의 연공동체적인 에토스는 오히려 우리 사회의 민주화를 저해하는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 우리 사회가 추구해야 할 과제는 합리적인 시민의식 위에 선 민주사회를 이루는 것이다. 산업화를 선행시키고 민주화를 나중에 추구하는 이러한 발전모델은 후발국 공통모델이기 때문에 한국의 경험을 서베이하는 것은 개발도상국 발전모델 구성에 크게 도움이 되는 연구라고 생각된다. This study has three purposes. The first purpose is to find out the value of cooperative research projects between teachers colleges and teachers in elementary and secondary schools in Taegu. The second aim is to analyze the teachers' perspectives regarding needs and reasons for, and the priority of the cooperative research projects. To suggest the direction of future cooperative research projects based on the data is the third purpose. To achieve this end, self-made questionnaires consisting of 5 areas are employed. The sample was made up of 494 teachers: 289 elementary school teachers and 205 secondary school teachers. The findings are as follows: First, the value of cooperative reseach projects for the teachers is that developed theory through cooperative research projects can be implemented directly into the classroom. Thus the quality of instruction is improved. Teachers become more creative, critical and self-reflective through cooperative research projects bringing intellectual autonomy and flexibility. Subsequently, teachers have the confidence and ability to solve problems when they are faced with educational difficulties. This stimulates teachers to grow professionally, thereby the morale of the teachers increases and students' learning becomes more effective. The value of the cooperative research projects for the professors in teachers colleges is to understand the educational problems in schools which stimulate professors to research practically and continueously. As a result of ongoing interaction between teachers and professors, students in teachers colleges are taught practical and revisional curriculum which benefits for the classroom. This motivates professors and students to continue professional development and increase their enthusiasm towards the classroom. The value of the cooperative research projects for the teachers colleges is that research facilities and equipments can be shared between teachers colleges and schools. Thus there is a greater pool of resources the teachers colleges can utilize. This eventually brings good education, professional skills and methodology to students. In addition, cooperative research projects can enhance the reputation of teachers colleges, thereby allowing the school to admit a higher quality of students. Second, 85% of the elementary and secondary school teachers felt the need for cooperative research projects. There were no significant differences in the need for cooperative research projects by sex, level of school, degree, and community, but there was a significant difference by years of experience. Less experienced teachers felt the needs for cooperative research projects more than experienced teachers (5 years-93.4%, more than 20 years-80.5%). Half of the elementary and secondary school teachers responded that balancing educational theory and practice, as well as having a practical curriculum were the primary reasons for needing cooperative research projects. Other reasons prioritized by elementary school teachers were in descending order: self-improvement, solving educational problems, and the improvement of the quality of education. Secondary school teachers prioritized the following reasons: improving the quality of the education, self-improvement, and the exchange of educational information. The important areas of education that cooperative research projects should focus on were: teaching-learning methods(32.7%), and the implementation of curriculum(22.9%) for the elementary school teachers. Implementation of curriculum(23.4%), teaching-learning methods(22%), and the development of educational materials(16.6%) were primary areas of concern for the secondary school teachers. More than half of the teachers in elementary and secondary schools are mainly concerned with teaching-learning methods, implementation of curriculum, self-improvement and the exchange of educational information. There were significant differences in the areas of educational environment, practical rural experience, school administration committee, school and classroom size, specialized teaching at the elementary level, teaching of English, and moral education among the 17 areas that cooperative research projects could focus on. Third, future cooperative research projects should be directed towards the areas which were indicated by the teachers. The participants of the cooperative research projects should be teachers who have less experience, because they may be more open to educational innovation and have more immediate experience with the difficulties newer teachers(current college students) may encounter. To do cooperative research projects effectively, teachers colleges and schools must reciprocate. Positive attitudes toward cooperative research projects on both sides are also important. It is vital that cooperative research funds should be provided by the government or non-governmental organizations. Teachers colleges and school administrators as well as community supports for cooperative research projects are also essential.