Mo 화학기상증착에 있어서 불순물 농도에 미치는 증착조건의 영향

배상석,서성교,홍은식,김승모,조미정,한혜정,이두성,김세훈,민석홍 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2001 공업기술연구 Vol.1 No.-

The thermal decomposition process of Mo(CO)_6 on chemical vapor deposition was investigated by analyzing the effects of deposition temperature, pressure, and reaction gas on the phase change of deposited films. Mo_2C was deposited at or below 350℃ due to the incompleteness of thermal decomposition of Mo(CO)_6, but Mo films was successfully deposited at 400℃ or higher temperatures. The variation of deposition pressure did not change the dependence of decomposition process on deposition temperature. The activation energy of surface reaction was 5.8 ㎉/mole.

차세대 고속철도 특수교량의 설계 및 기술사양 조사

박만호(Park Man-Ho),문제우(Mun Je-U),김성일(Kim Sung-Il),홍성모(Hong Seong-Mo),김종태(Kim Jong-Tae) 한국철도학회 2008 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Mo-Am arch bridge is only the long-span bridge (with 125m span) in the Kyong-Bu high-speed line in service, while other bridges are PSC box girder bridges and steel composite bridges with span lengths of 25~50m. However, in foreign high-speed lines, special cable-supported bridges like cable-stayed bridges and extradosed bridges are being adopted in earnest with technical specifications. The cable supported bridge is recognized as one of the indices of technology in civil engineering field, and thus it is being adpoted with a sense of rivalry in countries with advanced technology in railway engineering. In this paper, to apply the top-level cable-supported bridge technology to the domestic high-speed line up to 400㎞/h by establishing the technical specifications on cable-supported bridges including span length, the requirements for securing the dynamic stability and running safety of high speed train are analyzed through case studies for domestic and foreign cases.

항공운송을 위한 공역 관리제도의 효율성 증진에 관한 연구

양한모,신홍균 한국항공운항학회 1998 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.6 No.1

하천고수부지 수질정화 여과습지의 초기운영단계 질소제거

양홍모 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 고수부지에 조성한 여과습지의 초기운영단계 질소제거율을 분석하였다. 조사기간 처리수의 평균수온은 17.1℃ 이었고, 평균 pH는 7.1 이었으며, 갈대의 평균 N 흡수량은 69.31 N ㎎/㎡/day였다. 유입수와 유출수의 평균 NO₃-N 농도는 각각 3.46, 2.23 ㎎/L이었으며, 여과습지의 NO₃-N 평균제거율은 195.58 ㎎/㎡/day였다. 유입수와 유출수의 평균 NH₃-N 농도는 각각 0.92, 0.58 ㎎/L이었으며, NH₃-N 평균제거율은 53.65 ㎎/㎡/day를 보였다. 유입수와 유출수의 평균 T-N 농도는 각각 10.24, 6.32 ㎎/L 였으며, T-N 평균제거율은 628.44 ㎎/㎡/day를 보였으며, 제거량 기준으로 T-N 평균제거율은 약 39%를 나타냈다. 시스템이 초기 운영단계인 점을 고려하면 T-N제거 수준은 비교적 양호한 편이다. 여과습지의 7~10월의 수온이 암모니아화, 질산화 탈질화에 비교적 적합한 온도를 유지하였고, 매질사이의 공극에 입자성 유기태 질소가 고정되고, 매질표면에 형성된 미생물막에 유기태 질소가 흡착되어 분해되고, 유입수가 원활히 시스템을 흐른 것이 질소제거의 주요 원인으로 사료된다. 2~3년 후 갈대가 정상적으로 성장하여 뿌리와 근권이 발달하고, 갈대의 잔재물로부터 유기쇄설물이 형성되어 탈질화에 필요한 탄소공급원이 제공되면, 시스템의 질소 처리율이 높아질 것으로 생각된다. 실험결과 고수부지를 활용한 수질정화 여과습지는 오염하천수에 함유된 질소를 줄일 수 있는 방안이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to examine the nitrogen removal rate of a subsurface-flow treatment wetland system which was constructed on floodplain of the Kwangju River from May to June 2001. Its dimensions were 29 m in length, 9 m in width and 0.65 m in depth. A bottom layer of 45 cm in depth was filled with crushed granite with about 15-30 ㎜ in diameter and a middle layer of 10 cm in depth had pea pebbles with about 10 ㎜ in diameter. An upper layer of 5 ㎝ in depth contained course sand. Reeds (Phragmites ausatrdis) were transplanted on the surface of the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stem were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju River flowed into it via a pipe by gravity flow and its effluent was funneled back into the river. The height of reed stems was 44.2 ㎝ in July 2001 and 79.3 ㎝ in September 2001. The number of stem was increased from 80 stems/㎡ in July 2001 to 136 stem/㎡ in September 2001. Volume and water quality of Mow and outflow were analyzed rom July 2001 through December 2001. Inflow and outflow averaged 40.0 and 39.2 m/day, respectively. Hydraulic detention time was about 1.5 days. Average nitrogen uptake by reeds was 69.31 N ㎎/㎡/day. Removal rate of NO₃-N, NH₃-N, T-N averaged 195.58, 53.65, and 628.44 ㎎/㎡/day, respectively. Changes of NO₃-N and NH₃-N abatement rates were closely related to those of wetland temperatures. The lower removal rate of nitrogen species compared with that of subsurfaceflow wetlands operating in North America could be attributed to the initial stage of the system and inclusion of two cold months into the six-month monitoring period. Increase of standing density of reeds within a few years will develop both root zones suitable for the nimcation of ammonia and surface layer substrates beneficial to the denimcation of nitrates into nitrogen gases, which may lead to increment in the nitrogen retention rate.

하천고수부지 수질정화 자유수면인공습지의 초기운영단계 인제거

양홍모 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Phosphorous removal rate and emergent plant growth were examined of a surface-flow constructed treatment wetland system, whose dimensions were 31 meter in length and 12 meter in width. The system was established on floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea in one and half months from May to June 2001. Cattails(Typha angustiflora) were transplanted in the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju Stream were funneled into it via a pipe by gravity flow and its effluent were discharged back into it. The stems of cattails grew from 45.2 cm in July 2001 up to 186 cm in September 2001 and the number of cattail stems per square meter increased from 22 in July 2001 to 53 in September 2001. The early establishment of cattails was good. Volume and watersquality of inflow and oufflow were analyzed from July 2001 through December 2001. Mow averaged 40 ㎥/day and hydraulic retention time was about 1.5 days. The concentration of total phosphorous in influent and effluent was 0.85 ㎎/L, 0.41 ㎎/L, respectively. The average removal rate of total phosphorous in the system was about 52% The retention efficiency was slightly lower, compared with that in surface-flow wetlands operating in North America, whose retention efficiency was reported to be about 57% The lower abatement rate could result from the initial stage of the system and inclusion of two cold months into the six-month monitoring period. Root rhizosphere in wetland soils and l litter-soil layers on bottoms were not properly developed. Increase of standing density of cattails within a few years will establish both root zones and substrates beneficial to the removal of phosphorous, which may lead to increase of the phosphorous retention rate. The system was submerged one time by heavy storm during the monitoring period. The inundation, however, scarcely disturb its environment.

사진측정에 의한 성곽의 위치해석에 관한 연구

유복모,박홍기,정용식 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

This study is on the analysis of the site for the fortress by means of photogrammetry. Analysis of the historical site No.57, Nam Han Mt. fortress, was done by means of aerial photogrammetry which has high accuracy in plane coordinate system and terrestrial photogrammetry which has high accuracy in height coordinate system. The size and degree of slope of the fortress was analysed with reference to the topographic map which had been plotted by aerial photogrammetry. Terrestrial camera P 32 was used to survey and plot the Southern gate region which made it possible to acquire the quantitative data for fortress analysis.

하천수정화 연못-습지 시스템의 갈대 습지셀 초기 질산성질소 제거

양홍모 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

담수호로 유입되는 하천수를 정화하는 연못습지 시스템의 일부를 구성하는 갈대 습지 셀의 초기 NO_3-N 제거율을 분석하였다. 조사기간 유입수와 유출수의 평균 NO_3-N 제거율을 분석하였다. 조사기간 유입수와 유출수의 평균 NO_3-N 농도는 각각 2.30 ㎎/L, 1.75 ㎎/L 였으며, 평균 NO_3-N 제거율은 80.9 ㎎/㎡/day 였다. 북미 인공습지의 평균 NO_3-N 제거율 125 ㎎ N/㎡/day 보다는 제거율이 낮다. 본 연구습지가 시공 후 초기단계이고 조사기간에 수온이 낮은 11월과 12월이 포함된 것을 고려하면 NO_3-N 제거율은 양호한 편이다. 본 연구습지의 갈대가 2~3년 후 습지를 완전히 덮고, 뿌리주변에 근권이 발달하고, 갈대의 잔재물이 습지바닥에 쌓여 탈진화에 필요한 탄소공급원의 역할을 하면 NO_3-N 제거율이 높아질 것으로 사료된다. 월별 NO_3-N 제거율 변화는 월별 평균 습지수온의 변화와 유사한 경향을 나타내어 NO_3-N 제거율은 수온에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있다. 습지 셀에 식재한 갈대가 거의 죽지 않고 활착하였으며, 식재 약 3주 후부터 새줄기가 이부 나오기 시작하였다. 유입수가 연못-습지 시스템의 연못을 거치는 동안 총지소에 대한 질산대 질소의 함유비율이 높아져 습지의 질소제거에 도움이 되었다. 본 연구 습지의 유입수 질소 농도는 낮은 수준이다. 초기 연구결과 간척지 담수호 주변에 오염농도가 낮은 담수호의 물이나 담수호 유입하천수를 정화하는 인공습지의 활용이 가능하다고 사료된다. Nitrate removal rate in three wetland cells was examined. The acreage of each cell was 150 ㎡. They were a part of a stream water treatment demonstration system which was composed of two ponds and six wetland cells. Earth works for the pond-wetland system were finished from April 2000 to May 2000 and reeds were planted in the three cells in May 2001. Waters of Sinyang Stream flowing into Kohung Esturiane Lake located southern coastal area of Korean Peninsula were pumped into a primary pond. Effluents from a secondary pond were funneled into the three cells. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from July 2001 through December 2001. Inflow and outflow averaged 20 ㎥/d and 19.3 ㎥/d, respectively. Hydraulic retention time was 1.5 days. Average influent and effluent nitrate concentration was 2.30 mg/L, 1.75 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate removal rate in the three cells averaged 80.9 mg/㎡/day. Seasonal changes of nitrate retention rates were closely related to those of wetland temperatures. Full growth of reeds within a few years can develope litter-soil substrates beneficial to the denitrification of nitrate, which may lead to increases of the nitrate retention rates.

ICAO체제에서의 다자간 항공자유화의 추진배경

양한모,이영혁,신홍균 한국항공대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

1944년 시카고 조약을 중심으로 운영되어온 ICAO체제는 각국의 영공주권원칙에 기초하고 있다. ICAO 체제하에서 각국은 자국내의 항공운송에 대한 통제권을 행사하여 왔고, 국가간의 항공운송은 해당 영공국가의 허가를 받아 이루어져 왔다. 특히 각국은 국제항공운송을 위해 당사국들간의 양자협정을 통해서 상호 항공운송권을 교차 허가하는 방식을 택하여 왔다. 그러나 최근에는 각국의 항공운송권을 더 이상 양자협정방식에 의해서 허용하는 것이 아니라, 다자간 협정에 의해서 허용함으로써, 각국의 항공운송시장을 자유화하는 것이 항공사의 이익과 여객의 편의 및 경제적 이익을 위해 필요하다는 주장이 강력히 제기되고 있다. 이는 미국 및 유럽을 비롯한 주요 선진국들의 항공정책에서도 어느 정도 수용되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 ICAO는 미래의 국제항공질서의 재편 차원에서 다자간 항공 자유화에 관한 수차례의 국제회의를 개최한 바 있으며, 현재 가장 바람직한 질서의 구축을 위한 의견을 수렴하고 있다. 본 연구는 다자간 항공자유화의 최근 동향을 분석하여 우리 나라의 국제항공정책의 수립을 위한 정책자료를 제공하고자 한다. 구체적으로 현재의 다자간 국제항공질서의 형성과정과 그 주요 내용을 정리하여, 향후 전개될 항공질서의 재편의 향배를 예측하고자 하였으며, 아울러 ICAO가 개최한 주요 국제회의에서 표명된 국제항공질서의 진로에 관한 전문가들의 의견과 각국의 국제 항공정책을 분석하고 있다. 또한 그러한 분석을 바탕으로 하여 우리나라의 대응방안에 관한 정책 제안을 담고 있다. The ICAO system established by the Chicago Convention of 1944 based upon the solemn recognition of the sovereign right of each State over air space, within which each State is entitled to have the right of controlling air transport within his own territory. This made the bilateral air transport agreement between each State be a common legal form of allowing air transport right to the carriers of the other side. However, multilateral approach for liberalizing the world air transport market is strongly put forward around aviation community. It is claimed that multilateral agreement is a better form of assuring the interest of air carriers as well as passengers than bilateral agreement. Some major powers, such as U.S.A. and member of European Union, have shown their positive attitude toward that approach. In such context, The ICAO has convened recently a few international conference. Taking into consideration such recent development in this field, we illuminate the formation and status of current international air transport order, and analyze the major States' air transport policy in order to allow more reliable prevision of future development.

동해로 유입되는 가곡천과 마읍천에 서식하는 담수어의 지리적 분포

남명모,강영훈,채병수,양홍준 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.4

1999년 4월부터 2000년 10월까지 강원도 삼척시에 위치한 가곡천과 마읍천에서 어류의 지리적분포와 군집구조를 조사하였다. 가곡천에서는 10과 20종, 마읍천에서는 10과 25종의 어류가 확인되었으며, 이 가운데 한국 고유종은 Squalidus multimaculatus, Iksookimia koreensis 그리고 Liobagrus mediadiposalis의 3종이었다. 가곡천의 미기록종은 S. multimaculatus, I. koreensis, Pungitius sinensis sinensis 그리고 Oncorhynchus masou masou이었으며, Zacco platypus와 Z. temmincki가 우점종이었다. 가곡천 상류역에서는 Z. temmincki와 Moroco oxycephalus가 우점종이었으며, 중류역에서는 Z. platypus, 하류역에서는 Cottus Hngiongensis, Chaenogobius urotaenia 그리고 Rhinogobius brunneus가 우점종이었다. 마읍천의 미기록종은 Cyprinus carpio, Pseudorasbora parva, Silurus asotus, O. m. masou, M. oxycephalus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, P. s. sinensis, C. castaneus, Acanthogobius lactipes, Tridentiger brevispines이었으며, Z. platypus가 우점종이었다. 마읍천 상류역에서는 Z. platypus가 우점종이었으며, 중류역에서는 Ladislavia taczanowskii, 하류역에서는 P. s. sinensis가 우점종이었다. 본 조사에서 확인된 어류 가운데, 특히 가곡천에 서식하는 S. multimaculatus와 마곡천에 서식하는 L. taczanowskii와 Nemacheilus toni는 지리분포상 보호되어야하겠다. 가곡천의 종다양성지수는 1.109, 마읍천의 종다양성지수는 1.109로서 종다양성이 높고 군집이 안정되어 있었다. The geographical distribution and community structure of freshwater fishes in the Gagog and Maeup Streams, which flow into the East Sea, were surveyed from April 1999 to October 2000. Twenty species belonging to 10 families were collected in Gagog Stream. Twenty-five species belonging to 10 families were collected in Maeup Stream, including the Korean endemic species Squalidus multimaculatus, Iksookimia koreensis and Liobagrus mediadiposalis. In the Gagog Stream, S. multimaculatus, I. koreensis, Pungitius sinensis sinensis and Oncorhynchus masou masou were newly recorded. The dominant species were Zacco platypus and Z. temmincki. A tendency was seen in regional distribution such that Z. temmincki and Moroco oxycephalus dominated in the upper stream, Z. platypus in the middle stream, and Cottus hangiongensis, Chaenogobius urotaenia and Rhinogobius brunneus in the lower stream. Newly recorded from the Maeup Stream are Cyprinus carpio, Pseudorasbora parva, Silurus asotus, O.m.masou, M. oxycephalus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, P. s. sinensis, C. castaneus, Acanthogobius lactipes and Tridentiger brevispinis. The dominant species was Z. platypus. A tendency was seen in regional distribution such that Z. platypus dominated in the upper stream, Ladislavia taczanowskii in the midddle stream, and P. s. sinensis in the lower stream. Among the noteworthy fishes found in the present study were S. multimaculatus in the Gagog Stream and L. taczanowskii and Nemacheilus toni in the Maeup Stream, These species are considered as species of conservation concern. The species diversity index of the communities were 1.109 in the Gagog Stream and 1.166 in the Maeup Stream. The results indicate that the community structure in each stream is very diverse but stable in its species composition.

농촌 및 도시 하수의 생태적 처리 연못시스템

梁弘模 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1993 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.28 No.-

Climatic conditions, especially air temperature and solar radiation, are major influential factors for the operation of a wastewater treatment pond system. In order to assess its applicability to Korea, air temperature and solar radiation of the wastewater treatment pond systems in Corinne, Utah, and Eudora, Kansas, which are located in temperate region of the U.S. are compared with those of the Kimpo rice field located in the mid-western part of Korea. An analysis is also conducted of algal concentrations and water temperature of primary ponds of the two systems. Air temperature of Kimpo is quite similar to that of the systems, and solar radiation of Kimpo is more conductive than that of the systems to the growth of algae during summer. Analysis of ???? and SS concentrations in the final effluent of the systems shows that they meet the secondary treatment standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study demonstrates that a wastewater treatment pond system which is similar in design to the two systems can be reliably utilized at Kimpo, Korea.