ja/JA의 담화기능에 관한 연구

김홍자(Hong Ja Kim) 언어과학회 2002 언어과학연구 Vol.23 No.-

Through the modalparticles ja/JA. the speaker delivers speech intentions to the listener by referring to `previous knowledge`. As emotional expressions are described in strong, emphatic tones, intonations can serve the same function. The use of JA. therefore, can lend a sense of friendliness and warmth to a conversation. Thus, the use of modal particles can carry more persuasion in communication. For successful communication, the speaker considers different styles of language use. For instance, by using `ja` in an exclamatory tone, the speaker expresses surprise about a situation. To the same effect, the speaker can express a sense of surprise to the hearer using other forms of language, but modal particles can create a conversational cohesion and friendliness with emotional impact. When used in the form of `JA`, the speaker can deliver emotional impact to convey that the action required of the listener is `previous knowledge` and is important. Thus, a message that the listener will be penalized or endangered if the instruction is not followed can be sent. Warning, alarming and emphasizing functions can be fulfilled, with `ja` used as part of a response to the speech of the other person and with `JA` used in the process of structuring the speaker`s speech.

원발성 복막수염의 방사선학적 소견 : 초음파와 CT 소견

구자홍,송순영,이재균,김홍자,원영준 關東大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1999 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.3 No.1

Purpose : To describe ultrasound(US) and CT findings of primary epiploic appendicitis Materials and Methods : From March, 1999 though Novemer 1999, clinical, US, and CT findings were reviewed in nine patients with primary epiploic appendicitis (eight women and one men, aged 27-54 year[mean, 36 years]). All patients performed US and four patients performed abdominal CT. The main symptoms were rapid onset, localized abdominal pain and tenderness(left lower quagrant pain[n=8], right abdominal pain[n= 1]) Results: US revealed small, ovoid, and mass are echogenic(n=7) or isoechoic(n=2) mass, located anterolateral to the colon. The echopattern of the mass are echogenic(n=7), or isoechoic(n=2). CT performed in four patients shown small oval fatty mass with a thin peripheral rim and central high attenuation area at anterolaeral side of the colon. Some streaky infiltration are associated around the fatty mass. Conclusion: Primary epiploic appendicitis has fairy. characteristic US and CT findings that enable a rapid diagnosis and valuable far differential diagnosit of other condition of acute abdomen.

Praat를 활용한 한국인 영어 학습자의 발음편차

김홍자(Kim Hong-Ja) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.3

외국어 발음능력과 관련해서 초분절음운적 측면에서의 편차를 훨씬 더 비중있게 다루고 있어, 영어 발음교육현장에서 개개 음들에 대한 기본 지식뿐만 아니라 단어, 문장 강세라든지 템포, 음의 높낮이, 멜로디에 대한 교육의 중요성도 강조하고 있다 (Hirschfeld, 1994; 박세진, 2013; 박희석, 2013). 이에 본 연구는 한국인 영어 학습자들의 교육현장에서 수용적 방해를 줄이기 위해서 이들의 초분절음적 측면에서의 발 음편차를 살펴보고 이러한 오류들을 유형화 시키는 데 목적이 있다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 듣기, 말하기 교육현장에서 수용적 방해를 줄이기 위해서 이들의 초분절음적 측면에서의 발음편차를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 한국인 대학생들의 영어 학습자들이 공통적인 혹은 유사한 음운적 능력과 오류의 특징을 분류하여 피험자들의 어학 연수경험과 지방출신별로 부정적 전이와의 관련성을, 발음교정을 받은 대학생들을 대상으로 Praat 프로그램을 통해 분석된 결과를 토대로 제공한 시각적인 자료에 의해 뒷받침되고 있다. 결과는 한국인 영어학습자의 심층적인 이해를 통해 더욱 효과적인 발음 교육방법 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. Kim, Hong-Ja. 2015. Pronunciation Errors of Korean Learners on the segmental Level in English. Today, the communication skill is considered more important than the pronunciation skills of the phonemes in a foreign language teaching. The changes in the word and sentence stress can lead to difficulty in understanding. For this reason, the contrastive study of the two languages on segmental level is required more than the contrastive study on the segmental level. The segmental features in the English have a distinctive function. But the segmental features in Korean have distinctive function. Therefore, the contrastive study on the segmental level is properly researched. In this paper, Pronunciation errors of Korean learners on the segmental level in English are examined. For most Korean learners, the first syllable was stressed within a word. They pronounced words without considering the length (long or short) of vowels. Because Korean learners did not make a significant difference in pitch pronunciation and tension, it was difficult to determine which melody pattern (rising, falling or level) was realized.

Pyridine 촉매하의 Cyclohexene의 Ozonolysis

홍원표,양현수,장자순,김철규 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1988 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.3 No.2

Terminally functionalized molecules are essential building block for the formation of polymers by polycondensation reactions. It is the major goal of this research to establish new routes for the preparation of such molecules by selective oxidation reaction of cyclohexene, using ozone as an oxydizing agent. To this purpose, it has been explored, whether the usual course of the ozonolysis of olefins can be modified with the help of specific catalyst in order to introduce the desired functional groups. In particular, the ozonolysis of cyclohexene in hydrocarbon solvents and in the presence of pyridine has been tested with the goal of preparing molecules containing one aldehyde and one carboxylic acid group. Ozonolysis of cyclohexene in hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride and pentane can be guided by catalysis with pyridine, such that the reactions afford desired molecules. In this manner, pyridine catalized ozone oxidation converted cyclohexene into the corresponding 6-oxohexanoic acid(45.87%), adipaldehyde(14.68%), and polymeric ozonide(39.45%), via the ω-formyl carbonyl oxides in CH₂Cl₂at 0℃.

3次元 SCENE의 認識과 理解에 關한 小考

洪英杓,金子龍 진주여자전문대학 1990 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

視覺에 의하여 3次元 物體나 環境을 認識 또는 理解하기 위한 技術은 2次元 패턴을 對象으로 하는 境遇와 크게 다른 側面을 가진다. 本 論文에서는 3次元 scene를 認識.理解하기 위한 技術과 一般 scene를 制限하므로서 얻을 수 있는 特定 scene 모델의 設定및 그 活用이라는 立場에서 論하였다. 特定 scene 모델을 設定함으로서 畵像 特徵에서 scene 特徵으로의 變換法則이나 scene 特徵 및 모델과의 照合 알고리즘을 具體化할 수 있다. The techniques to identify and understand the 3 dimensional objects or circumstances by sight is has much difference from those of 2 dimensional. This paper studies the technique to identify and understand the 3 dimensional scence and establishs and utilities a specific scence model to be achieved by limiting general scence. By establishing the specific scence model transformation rule from image characteristics to scence characteristies and merge algorism with scence characteristics and the model can be embodied.

화자 식별과 얼굴 인식을 이용한 대규모 보안 시스템

홍승준,구자윤,권영헌,이건상 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2000 이학기술연구지 Vol.2 No.

본 논문에서는 화자 식별과 얼굴 인식을 이용하여 대규모 보안 시스템을 개발하였다. 인식 에러를 줄이기 위해 전 처리 화자 식별기로 DHMM(Discrete hidden Markov Model)을 사용하였고, 후 처리기에서는 얼굴 인식을 위해 신경망을 사용하였다. Visual C++MFC을 사용하여 Sound Card와 Digital camera를 제어하였다. 그리고 본 논문에서 개발한 프로그램을 사용하여 실시간으로 실험하였다. 본 논문에서 인식에 사용한 특징 벡터로는 Filter bank energy, LSF와 Cepstrum coeffient이고, 얼굴 인식의 대표 벡터는 2차원 Filter bank energy를 사용하였다. 실험에서 사용된 사람은 학교에서 무작위로 83명을 선택하였다. Test를 위해 2049개의 음성 데이터와 365개의 얼굴 이미지를 사용하였다. 복합 모델로 구성한 본 시스템은 등록화자에 대해 98.8%의 Access rate와 비 등록화자의 99.82%의 deny rate을 나타내었다. In this paper, we developed the large scale security system using speaker identification and face recognition. In order to reduce the recognition error we used DHMM(Discrete Hidden Markov Model) in speaker identification for pre-processor and neural network in face recognition for post-processor. To test the on-line performance of total system we directly controlled the sound card and the digital camera in the environment of Visual C++MFC. And we developed the program to test the performance of the system in real time. We used filter bank energies, LSF and cepstrum coefficients as the feature vectors of speech, and the 2-dimensional filter bank energies extracted in the range of the representative feature on face. In experiments, we randomly selected 83 persons in school, and then chosen 10 persons as an enrolled person and 73 persons as a non-enrolled person. So we tested 2049 speech data and 365 image data. It turned out that the hybrid system would have 98.8% access rates for the enrolled persons and 99.82% deny rates for the non-enrolled persons.

뚜렛 및 만성 틱 아동의 출생순위에 따른 특성 비교

홍강의,김자성 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1993 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

諸宮調淵源考

李弘子 韓國中國語文學會 1981 中國文學 Vol.8 No.-

간호 업무 인수 인계의 의례적 의미

이홍자,백선복 대불대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

This paper report implicit meanings of nursing ritual that take places during change-of-shift report at an university hospital in Seoul. Employing participation observation and analysis of recording of reports, the authors confirm that besides its routine nature the occupational ritual includes symbolic actions that facilitate the transmission of the beliefs, rules of conduct and customs. It is also found that the nursing ritual fulfills an important although highly visible functioning in the nursing unit of the hospital, helping nurses to carry out caring activities for patients. The unique features of change-of-shift report investigated show the status problems that nursing profession has encountered in the hospital by implying its significance to every day social interaction.

都農地域 靑少年의 姿勢形成 比較分析

蔡鴻遠,李敏炯,申榮吉,金正子 慶北大學校 體育科學硏究所 1988 체육과학연구지 Vol.4 No.-

The objective of this research is to analyze the actual state of juvenile posture formation and defects resulting from the environmental differences between urban and rural areas, and further to suggest the concrete data for the practical posture guidance. Boy and girl students from K junior and D girls' junior high schools of Taegu City and H junior high school of Kyungpook Province are selected as purposive samples. Thus 291 boys and 321 girls from urban and 260 boys and 270 girls from rural areas are sampled to be a total of 1142 boys and girls. As the methods of test, New York State posture Test(NYSPT), bowleg(0-type leg) and knock-knee(x-type leg) tests are used with the aid of photograph. Their results are as follows. 1. The final scores and percentages of NYSPT evaluation of boy students in urban and rural areas are 57.2(58%) and 58.0(60%), respectively, and their achievement scores are 6.3 and 6.8 within normal state. The comparison between urban and scores shows that rural students are in more correct posture with 1% level of significance than urban students. This is statistically meaningful(p<0.01). 2. The final scores and percentages of HYSPT evaluation of girl students i% urban and areas are 59.0(69%) and 60.0(69.3%), respectively, and their achievement scores are 7.0 and 7.2 within normal state. The comparison between urban and rural scores shows statistically meaningless with 5% level of significance(p<0.05). 3. The NYSPT evaluation scores of posture formation between boys and girls in both urban and rural areas shows that girls are in more correct posture than boys with average differences of 3.05 and 2.05, respectively. 4. The NYSPT evaluation according to bodily parts are as follows : In the lateral head deviation, average angles of urban and rural boys are 7.39° and 6.02°, whereas average angles of girls are 6.52° and 6.98°, respectively. All of these are inclined a little to the abnormal ragne. In the low shoulder, average angles of urban and rural boys are 1.44° and 1.33°, and also 1.46° and 1.33° to girls, respectively. All of these are within the normal range. In the scoliosis, the percentage of urban students are higher than the one of rural students. The students in the severe scoliosis are 0.73%%, 8 out of 1142 students. 5. In the average scores about the types of legs, distribution percentages and indices of bowlegs are 27.2%, 3.85 in the urban and 43.2%, 3.75 in the rural boys, respectively. In the girls, they are 20.6%, 3.89 and 29.6%, 3.90, respectively. This shows bowleg is more dominant to the rural students. Distribution percentages and indices of knock-knees are 15.5%, 4.57 and 12.7%, 3.95, respectively, in the urban and rural boys. In the girls, they are 7.17%, 4.0 and 0%, 0 respectively. This shows knock-knee is more dominant to the urban students.