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내열성 Chitinase 생산균주의 분리 및 효소생산 특성
홍범식,윤호근,신동훈,조홍연 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5
자연계 고온환경으로부터 내열성 chitinase 우수하고 반응산물로 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 이량체(GlcNAc)_2를 생산하는 균주를 분리 선별하고 Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14로 동정하였다. 선별균주의 효소생산 특성은 탄소원으로서 효소기질인 colloidal chitin이 첨가될 때만이 생합성이 유도되었으며 유도제의 첨가시기에 의해 효소생산이 크게 영향을 받았다. 각종 무기, 유기태 질소원 중 yeast extract가 활성과 비활성을 각각 약 2배 증가시켰으며 높은 친화도를 나타내었다. 균의 최대생육과 효소의 최대생산온도는 55℃이었다. 본 균주의 내열성 chitinase 생산에 미치는 최적배양조건은 1.2% colloidal chitin, 0.15% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% KH_2PO_4 0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.1% yeast extract, pH 6.5의 배지를 55℃, 150rpm에서 40시간 회전진탕배양 하였을 때로 3.89 units/ml의 효소활성과 7.4 units/mg의 비활성을 나타내었다. A strain capable of producing thermostable chitinase suitable for chitooligosaccharide production was isolated from high temperature environment and identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 was only induced by addition of colloidal chitin into the basal medium as carbon source, showing the decrease of the chitinase production by supplemental addition of other carbon sources into the medium containing 1.0% colloidal chitin. Among organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, yeast extract was the most effective for the increase of total activity and specific activity, and had high affinity for the enzyme production. The optimum temperature of cell growth and thermostable chitinase production was 55℃. The optimum culture medium was composed of 1.2% colloidal chitin, 0.15% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% KH_2PO_4 0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.1% yeast extract (pH 6.5). Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 produced the thermostable chitinase of 3.89 units per culture fluid and 7.4 units per mg protein under rotary shaking at 150 rpm for 40 hr.
임플란트 주위 조직 보존을 위한 임플란트 경부의 디자인에 관한 고찰
김홍준,김지환,김성태,이재훈,박영범 大韓齒科保存學會 2011 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.36 No.6
연구 목적: 임플란트 식립 후 변연골 흡수에 따라 임플란트 주위 연조직이 재구성되며, 이에 따라 치료의 예후 및 심미성 등에 영향을 주게 된다. 그러므로 임플란트 경부 주위 골조직 보존을 위한 임플란트 경부에 다양한 디자인이 연구되고 있다. 본 고찰의 목적은 초기 변연골 흡수의 원인과 이에 따른 임플란트 주위의 연조직 변화에 대해 고찰하고, 어떠한 임플란트 경부 디자인이 임플란트 주위 조직의 보존에 유리한 지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Pubmed database에서 임플란트 초기 변연골 흡수의 원인과 관련된 논문과 임플란트 경부의 여러 디자인에 관한 논문을 검색하여 분석하였다. 임플란트 경부 디자인은 one piece implant, two piece implant, internal hex abutment, external hex abutment, taper joint connection, butt joint connection, scalloped design abutment, platform switching concept에 관해 검토하였다. 결과: 초기의 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 대하여 one piece implant가 two piece implant보다 유리한 것으로 여러 임상적, 실험적 연구가 있다. Two piece implant에서는 internal hex abutment가 external hex abutment보다, taper joint connection가 butt joint connection보다 유리할 것으로 보여진다. Scalloped design abutment에 대해서는 논쟁의 여지가 있어 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Platform switching concept은 그 원인이 명확히 밝혀지지는 않았으나 임상적, 실험적으로 초기 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 대해 유리한 것으로 판단된다. 결론: 임플란트 경부의 디자인마다 각각의 장단점이 있고 추가적인 연구가 더 필요한 제한이 있지만 현재까지의 선행 연구들을 분석 종합해 보면 초기 임플란트 주위 조직 보존을 고려한다면 가능한 경우 one piece implant가 유리할 것으로 판단되며, 보철적인 문제나 다른 이유로 인하여 two piece implant를 고려할 경우 platform switching concept, internal connection abutment, taper joint connection을 이용하는 것이 임플란트 주위 조직 보존에 좀더 유리할 것으로 사료된다 Purpose: The peri-implant soft tissue is remodeled by the initial marginal bone resorption affecting the prognosis and esthetic result of treatment. Thus various designs on implant neck design are studied to preserve peri-implant bone. The purpose of this study is to review on the causes of initial marginal bone resorption, the configuration of peri-implant soft tissue, and the implant crestal module favorable in preserving peri-implant tissue. Materials and methods: The studies on the causes of initial marginal bone resorption and the implant crestal modules are researched and reviewed using Pubmed database. The implant crestal modules including one piece and two-piece implant, internal and external hex abutment, taper and butt joint connection, scalloped design abutment, and platform switching concept are reviewed. Results: A number of clinical and experimental studies preferred one piece implant to two-piece in preserving initial peri-implant tissue. For two piece implants, internal hex abutment and taper joint connection appear more favorable than external hex abutment and butt joint connection relatively. Controversial issues still exist on scalloped design requiring more studies on it. Although the rationale is not certain, the concept of platform switching seems favorable in preserving initial peri-implant tissue based on clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: Each implant crestal module contains its own advantages and disadvantages with various controversial issues. In the aspect of preservation of initial peri-implant tissue, however, one-piece implant seems beneficial. In cases when two-piece implant is more appropriate due to prosthodontic concerns or any other problems, the application of platform switching concept, internal connection abutment, and taper joint connection may be favorable for the preservation of peri-implant tissues.
김홍범 한국은행 2004 經濟分析 Vol.10 No.2
한국의 금융시스템 관련 공공기관 사이에는 수평적기능적 분업관계 대신 수직적권위적 위계가 자리잡고 있다. 그 결과, 공공기관 간 실질적 협력 및 견제를 통한 조정의 여지는 거의 존재하지 않는다. 제 Ⅱ장과 제 Ⅲ장에서는 금융시스템 관련 공공기관 간 역할분담의 분업구조를 전제로 평시상황 하에서 금융안정을 추구하는 각 공공기관의 실제 역할이 무엇이며, 공공기관 간 협력 및 견제가 왜 필요하고 중요한지, 그리고 협력 및 견제의 활성화를 위해 어떤 전제조건이 충족되어야 하는지 등을 이론적으로 검토한다. 제 Ⅳ장과 제 V장에서는 한국 금융감독의 사례를 다룬다. 우선, 최근 금융안정을 크게 위협하고 있는 신용카드회사 및 가계 부실화 문제에 대한 관련 공공기관들의 지난 수년간 대응을 각 공공기관의 관련 보도자료를 이용하여 분석한다. 그리고 신용카드회사 및 가계의 부실화와 이에 따른 신용불량자 양산 및 연체율 상승 등은 지난 수년간 재정경제부의 정책지배(policy dominance) 하에서 공공기관 간 협력 및 견제조정과정이 생략된데 기인하는 감독실패(supervisory failure)의 결과라는 사실을 밝혀낸다. 따라서, 한국 금융감독의 개선은 금융시스템 관련 공공기관 사이의 협력 및 견제 활성화에 초점을 두고 모색되어야 한다. 이 논문은 감독 개선방안도 제시한다. In Korea, the authoritative vertical hierarchy, as opposed to the functional horizontal relationship, has taken deep root between the public agencies that are responsible for the financial system. This paper offers in Sections Ⅱ and Ⅲ a theoretical review of their respective roles, the importance of supervisory cooperation and checks and balances, and of the preconditions to make such cooperation and checks and balances effective. This paper turns in Sections Ⅳ and V to the credit card companies prudential problems and the households accumulated debt problems. It traces back the whole course of the supervisory process so far, arriving at the finding that all those problems are the consequence of the supervisory failure, which is mainly due to policy dominance that the Ministry of Finance and Economy has wielded upon the other public agencies for years and to the resulting vacuum of institutional supervisory cooperation and checks and balances. Also discussed are the ways to enliven institutional cooperation and checks and balances.
Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14가 생산하는 내열성 Chitinase의 정체 및 특성
홍범식,윤호근,신동훈,조홍연 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5
Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14가 생산하는 내열성 chitinase를 30~70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, TSK-Gel Toyopearl HW-55F에 의해 정제도 66배, 수율 21%로 전기영동적으로 균일하게 정제하였다. 정제 단백질은 gel permeation chromatography에 의해 86,000±2,000의 분자량을 나타내었으며, SDS 전기영동에 의해 밝혀진 본 효소의 subunit 구조는 monomer였다. 효소 단백질의 안정성을 검토한 결과 80℃에서 30분 열처리에 의해 56%, 37℃에서 20분간 40% ethanol과 ethyl acetate, 단백질 변성제 등의 처리시에도 50% 이상의 잔존활성을 나타냄으로써 공업적으로 유용성이 높은 안정한 단백질로 판명되었다. 효소반응의 최적 pH와 온도는 pH 6.0과 60℃이었고 Mn^2+ 이온에 의해 효소 활성이 저해되었으나 EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate 등에 의한 활성감소는 관찰되지 않음으로써 금속효소 또는 thiol계 효소에 속하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 본 효소는 colloidal chitin, 시판용 chitin에는 반응성이 높았으나 exo형 chitinase의 대표적인 기질인 p-nitrophenyl-2-aectamido-2deoxy-β-glucopyranoside, NN'-diacetylchitobiose에는 전혀 반응성을 보이지 않는 전형적인 endo형의 chitinase였다. 본 효소는 colloidal chitin으로부터 주로 (GlcNAc)_2를, 반응시간 경과에 따라 (GlcNAc)_1과 (GlcNAc)_3을 생성하는 반응성을 보였다. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) from culture fluid of Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 was purified 66-folds to homogenity in overall yield of 21% by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl, Butyl-Toyopearl and TSK-Gel HW-55F column chromatography. The enzyme protein had a molecular weight of about 86,000 and was composed of one subunit. The enzyme was significantly stable not only at high temperature but also on treatment with organic solvents and protein denaturants such as SDS, urea and guanidine·HCl. The optimum temperature and pH for reaction was 60℃ and 6.0,respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by only Mn^2+ ion, but not inhibited by EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide and pCMB. The enzyme had high activity with colloidal chitin (V_max: 421) and commercial chitin (V_max :480), but not with typical substrates of exo type chitinase. The thermostable chitinase had an useful reactivity for producing functional chitooligosaccharide, showing the production of (GlcNAc)_1, (GlcNAc)_3, and (GlcNAc)_2 as major product.
김범신,부준홍 한국항공대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.35 No.-
최소한 제한된 용도의 범위에서 공기압축식 냉동싸이클(ACM)의 성능을 전형적인 증기압축식 냉동싸이클의 성능과 비교될 만큼 향상시킬수 있는 가능성이 검토되었다. 몇가지 종류의 ACM중 단순식 싸이클을 연구대상으로 선택한 이유는 장치구성이 간단하고 경량이며 제조비용이 상대적으로 저렴하기 때문이다. 선정된 시스템의 성능을 모사하기 위해 수치적인 절차가 수립되었으며 각 주요 구성요소의 성능과 관련된 변수들을 고려하기 위해 수치 프로그램에 적절한 방정식들이 이용되었다. ACM의 성능계수와 냉각효과를 향상시키는 중요한 인자는 엔진에서 추가되는 블리드 공기의 온도와 압력이다. 충분히 낮은 온도와 높은 압력으로 bleed air가 ACM에 공급된다면 그 성능은 증기압축식 시스템의 성능과 비교될 수 있다. 더우기 시스템의 성능은 터빈의 팽창과정전 열교환기의 거동에 거의 비례한다. 따라서 별도의 압력용기를 이용하여 터빈으로 유입되기전 냉매공기를 냉각시킬 수 있다면 시스템의 냉각효과는 향상되리라 기대된다. An air-cycle machine(ACM) was investigated for the possibility of improving its performance to a comparable level, at least in a limited range of usage, with the conventional vapor-compression type refregeration system. A simple-cycle system was studied among several types of ACM for its brevity in structure, light weight and low manufacturing cost. A numerical procedure was established to simulate the performance of the selected system. Appropriate equations were incorporated into a computer program to account for associated performance variables in each major component: heat exchanger, fan, and turbine. The major factors for improving the coefficient of performance and the cooling effect of the ACM were identified as the temperature and the pressure of the inlet bleed air from the engine. Provided that some means are adopted to lower the temperature and to increase the pressure of the bleed air, the simple-cycle ACM may exhibit a comparable performance with the vapor compression system. In addition, the system performance showed almost proportional behavior to that of the heat exchanger prior to the turbine expansion. Use of a separate pressure tank which allows the compressed air to cool down before expantion is suggested to enhance the cooling effect.
卞烘圭,韓范淑 全北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.20 No.-
The purpose of this study is attempted to investigate the stages of moral development of Korean youth and then to have suggestions for the effective planning of moral development program in the Korean situation. It is also aimed at exploring whether the filial piety behavior is categorized into the moral development phenomena. As a preliminary and diagnostic step, this study is largely divided into two parts: the investigation of various historical approaches to moral development and their characteristics and that of practical survey of the various levels of Korean youngsters in their moral judgement or moral development. The subjects for the survey are randomly sampled from the elementary, the junior and senior high school, and the college and their ages are 10, 13, 16, and 19. The total numbers of the sample are 487 ; 266 males and 221 females. Both interview and questionnaire methods are used in this survey and Kohlberg's moral dilemma "Heinz and drug" is used as the main source for the data collection. The following are the major findings in this study: 1. There are age-related stages in the moral development of Korean youngsters which is originated by cognitive structure. And then Kohlberg's stage theory in moral development is also proved to be applicable in Korean situation. 2. There is a general tendency of closer relationship of moral development stages to IQ and academic achievements than to behavioral ratings of classroom teachers. But it is not significantly acceptable. 3. There is no significant difference in the structure of moral development between Korean youngsters and the youngsters in other countries even through there are some differences in contents. 4. The cognitive-developmental way of planning for the effective moral development seems to be the most acceptable strategy in Korean situation. 5. The filial piety behavior is to be consistent with that of moral judgement in general. 6. The moral thinking is no substitute for acting in real situations, but there is a close relationship between moral judgement and moral action. A conclusion derived from this study is that the traditional speculative way of moral education is to be changed into the positive way based on cognitive-developmental assumption. Also it can be said that the program for the development of the filial piety behavior is to be designed on the basis of cognitive developmental view.
지역사 연구와 지방지 편찬 : 경기 지역을 중심으로 Focusing on Gyeonggi Province
허홍범 한국역사연구회 2003 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.48
After the middle of 1990s The execution of local autonomy, the maturity of local identity and the new understanding of history in our society are external conditions in which studies in local history are have been promoting these days. The local ethnography, a field of study in local history, is the work to investigate, arrange, and compile local history and culture. In other words, local ethnographical reports are 'resulted from investigating, arranging, researching local history and culture.' But a great variety of local ethnographical reports are published. Studies in local history have three characteristics. First, the interdisciplinary approach is fit for and has to be applied to them. Second, local history is ultimately concerned about 'Today, Here', i.e. revealing presentness and regionality. Third, studies in local history require a lot of fieldwork. If we examine the process of local ethnography through Gyeonggi Province, we can notice these points: As studies in local history have become active since 1990s, the professional researchers began to take parts in producing and writing the city/county reports as 'the textbooks of local culture.' Due to financial support by the department of local autonomy adminstration, the circumstances that produce the city/county reports are changing. Inspite of this facts, a basic investigation are necessary to fieldwork in a province. The village reports in Gyeonggi Province have published in good earnest since the middle of 1990s. The village reports, which can refer to the village space itself as a microcosmos, have a analytic unit. These merits will cause the village reports to be published more actively. All kinds of reports, collections of photographs, data of epigraph have been also compiled. In short, if we consider of the various analysis and apparent of explanation, we will be able to produce the local ethnography of the more diverse and profound nature.
SIIM 퍼지 PID 제어기를 이용한 3축 푸마 로봇의 경로 제어에 관한 연구
석홍성,채창현,고택범,김희년 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-
This paper describes the design of the Fuzzy PID controller using simplified indirect inference method. First, the fuzzy digital PID controller are derived from the conventional continuous time linear ones. Then the fuzzification, control-rule base, and defuzzification using SIIM in the design of the fuzzy digital controller are discussed in detail. The resulting controller is a discrete time fuzzy version of the conventional digital PID controller, which has the same linear structure, but are nonlinear functions of the input signals. The proposed controller enhances the self-tuning control capability, particularly when the process to be controlled is nonlinear. When the SIIM is applied, the fuzzy inference results can be calculated with splitting fuzzy variables into each action component and are determined as the functional form of corresponding variables. So the proposed method has the capability of the high speed inference and adapting with increasing the number of the fuzzy input variables easily. Computer simulation results have demonstrated the superior to the control performance of the conventional digital PID controller. Lastly, it is applied to the trajectory control of the PUMA robot with three-axis.
하이브리드 섬유 보강 콘크리트의 휨인성 및 휨인장 강도에 관한 실험적 연구
趙勇範,朴弘用 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.28 No.-
Fiber reinforced concrete is increasing used in practice because of its excellent cracking resistance. There are various types of fiber such as steel fiber, glass fiber, synthetic fiber and organic fiber. Many trials to add more than two types of fiber to concrete mix have been being made to enhance ductility and maximum load bearing capacity as well as cracking resistance. Recently, a new type of polyolefin fiber having a good mechanical properties is developed, and it needs to examine a possibility for the new fiber to be used as a reinforcing fiber with other types of fiber or by itself. The objective of this study is to find out flexural toughness and tensile strength of concrete reinforced with steel and polyolefin fibers. Four point beam tests were performed with 324 specimens following two standard tests methods: KS F 2566 and ASTM 1399-02. From the test results, the effects of volume fraction of fibers, and aspect ratio of steel fiber on the toughness and tesile strength were found, and the optimal ratio of steel fiber to Dolvolefin fiber was suggested.