학교운영위원회의 적합성 평가

최송진,정회욱 木浦大學校敎育硏究所 2005 교육연구 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구에서는 관련 자료와 문헌의 검토를 통해 학교운영위원회 제도 도입의 취지 및 배경을 분석하여 법적 평가준거를 마련하고, 평가준거에 대비하여 학교윤영위원회의 적합성을 평가하고 개선방안을 모색하는데 목직이 있다. 연구자는 문헌고찰을 통하여 학교운영위원회의 적합성 평가 준거를 설정하였다. 학운위의 적합성에 대한 평가는 학운위라는 하위 조직을 관장하는 상위 규정의 적합성을 중심으로 하는 외적 준거와 학운위 자체의 구성과 기능을 중심으로 하는 내적 준거의 두 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다.연구결과 내적 준거 면에서나 외적 준거 면 모두 적합성ㅇ 있어서 부족하다는 평가가 나왔다. 학교운영위원회의 적합성 향상을 위해서는 외적으로는 단위학교로의 실질적인 권한 위임·위양이 이루어져야 할 뿐 아니라 내적으로는 단위학교 구성원들 간의 권한 공유 또한 이루어져야 할 것이다. The aim of this study was to prepare plans to improve the quality of the operation of school governing committees by analyzing actual conditions of the basic objectives and composition, management, functions of school governing committees. to fulfill the goal of the present study, a review of relevant literature and surveys and in-depth interviews of council members were carried out. The specific content of this study are as follows: The first step was to ascertain actual conditions of school governing committees. The results of the present study can be summarized as follows. First, due to difficulties in finding members for the school governing committees, an issue of the extension of terms for the committee was considered However, the current term of one yeat turned out to be good because parents were willing to cooperate and focus completely on the education of their children during the one year period. Second, setting up committees is absolutely required after initial organization of the school council. It is hoped that other small-sized school will accept this recommendation. third, the analyses showed that it was premature to have a student representative as a member of a school council, but nevertheless, it was necessary to organize a school council. Fourth, following the composition of a school council, it was required that a chairperson be selected among its members. At the same time, it become apparent that the majority of members believed that a chairperson should be selected from among parents delegates of a district. According to council members, education experts from other regions and public administration officials should not be eligible for the position of chairperson. Fifth, the minimum number of school council meetings should be set, Also, to activate the council, a free management system (centering around the school principal for the responsible management of a school unit) should be established. Sixth, the school council should be established and its operating period should be set in accordance with the period of the school budget and curriculum. The council meetings should be scheduled for no earlier than 3:00 p.m. so as not to disturb the operation of the school and the staff, faculty, and student of the school development, but the parents and students felt deeply about a need to discuss funds fo such things as school uniforms, gyn suits, camping and school excursions. The following plan are proposed to improve the current state of the management of school governing committees: first, providing meals or traveling expenses after school council meetings can be implemented as long as the school budget allows, although it is difficult to standardize this procedure for all schools. second, since the indirect election of the superintendent and members of a board of education has many side effects, direct election by residents should be implemented. Third, the meetings of school council should take place in public so as to maintain a basic democratic principle and transparency. Fourth. the participation of members from certain political parties in a school council should be avoided because as this may be often incompatible with school council and counter productive to basic educational processed and objectives.

교원의 노동조합 설립 및 운영 등에 관한 법률과 교원노조 활동에 대한 교원의 인식 연구

정회욱,송정우 木浦大學校 敎育硏究所 2004 교육연구 Vol.16/17 No.-

이 연구는 교원의 노동조합 설립 및 운영 등에 관한 법률과 교원노조 활동에 대한 교원의 인식 연구이다. 본 연구에 따르면, 다수의 교사들은 다음과 같이 인식하고 있다. 교원들의 쟁의행위 허용 주장은 「정상적인 업무를 저해하지 않는」 집단행동 허용을 원하고 있기 때문에 법리적으로는 노조법상 쟁의행위가 아닌 국가공무원법 또는 교육공무원법상 단체행동 허용을 의미한다. 교원노조법에 단체 교섭의 대상에 대한 명문의 규정이 없으므로 인사제도, 교육정책·교육과정에 관한 사항이라고 하더라도 교원의 고용과 밀접불가분의 관계가 있는 사항은 단체교섭의 대상이 되어야 한다. 교원노조의 단체협약은 조합원에게만 적용되는 것이 협약의 본래의 성격이나 사용자가 형평성의 원리에 입각하여 임의로 비조합원에게도 적용하기 때문에 교원노조는 단체협약 체결에서 전체교사의 의견을 반드시 수렴하여야 한다. 그리고 교원노조의 가장 중요한 과제는 이념투쟁이 아니라 단체교섭을 통한 현장교육문제의 해결이라는 의견이 지배적이었다. This study has analysed the teacher's understanding of the 'Law for the Teacher's Union, activities and collective bargaining and showed their claims for the desirable activities from Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union. This study proposed studying assignments to achieve this kind of studying purpose as follows. First, how do the teachers think of 'Law for the Teacher's Union' and what's its problem? Second, how do the teachers think of teachers' union system and what's its improvement? The sample of this study was 342 teachers who work at an elementary, middle and high schools in Tae-baek City, Kang-won Province. Of 342 questionnaires distributed, 308 were returned (response rate was 90.1%), but of 308 questionnaires unreliable 18 were exempt from the application of these samples. This questionnaire data were composed of 32 questions. This statistical methods for data processing were frequencies analysis and Chi-sqare tests by SPSS to find a correlation between individual variation and each questions. This study was analysed as p<.05 within a significant level The conclusion that resulted from the data analysis were as follow. First, the admission of teachers' union of school unit should be decided through full discussion and profound debate, but in reality, the establishment of school unit is impossible because of conflict problems among the teachers' position Second, the permission of both a collective action and political activities of Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union also has to be profoundly discussed because it can be different from teachers' position, their career, or a member of union whether or not. If it is permissible, its permission should only be approved within its limit without a bad influence on study right and teaching-learning, therefore such results are undesirable. Third, according to the law now in force, agenda of collective bargaining is subjected to restriction in elevation of economical and social position of teacher. In spite of being an educational policy now, however, it is necessary for the teachers to expand that as the agenda of collective bargaining as to employment. The dual collective bargaining system of KTEU(Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union) and KFTA(Korean Federation of Teachers' Associations) can have an effect of checks and balances. Fourth, a member of union has to act within the limit of the law and manager should reciprocally endeavor to form democratical administration because a conflict between manager and a member of union in school causes a schism between two parts. Finally, collective agreement between the superintendent of education and teachers' union should be entered into an agreement through procedures of collecting sufficient public opinion. the problem which confronts teachers' union should try to find a solution to the problem without being split in teachers' profession. Moreover teachers' union should be in search of a better solution. It is necessary for pressure group, and to act through playing careful attention to the tends of public opinion and policy-making.

구미지역 상설시장의 유통업 현황분석 및 활성화 방안

신호균,김정태,송종호 한국의사결정학회 2002 경영과학연구 Vol.11 No.-

Due to a great difficulty of permanent market with the advent of great discount stores and foreign distributors, this paper is to analyze the current situation and to present suggestions for the development of the permanent market Gumi. To achieve the objective, a field study has been conducted using the questionaires for the consumers and the interviews with the merchants of the 5 major permanent markets in Gumi area. The study is based on the pilot study by civil servants and the representatives of the merchants. Considering the problems the permanent market in Gumi it is suggested that we approach not from the viewpoint of competitive relationship but from that of mutually cooperative relationship. Then, the distribution industry will be able to enhance the life quality of citizen and develop regional community.

마이크로파 여기 플라즈마광 생성을 위한 도파관 시스템 설계에 관한 연구

전상재,전후동,송창현,하석영,이승혁,이태호,박의준 금오공과대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

In this paper, the plasma lighting system(PLS) excited by the commercial high power magnetron is developed. The design concepts are based on maximizing the huninous efficacy in conjunction with the miniaturization of waveguide system Furthermore the fine tuning is simplified by using only one stub, and the impedance matching is maximized by introducing the tapering technique. The experimental results show that the luminous efficacy can be dramatically improved by the proposed design method.

Comparison of the Muscle Activity of Lumbar Stabilizers Between Stoop and Semi-Squat Lifting Techniques at Different Lifting Loads

( Hoe Song Yang ),( Oh Yun Kwon ),( Yeop Seop Lee ) 한국전문물리치료학회 2012 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This study was performed to compare the muscle activity of lumbar stabilizers between stoop and semi-squat lifting techniques at different lifting loads. Twenty healthy subjects (9 males, 11 females) were recruited for this study. Muscle activity of external obliques (EO), internal obliques (IO) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle was measured by surface electromyography during stoop and semi-squat lifting at different lifting loads (10%, 20%, and 30% of the subject`s body weight). A one-way repeated measure ANOVA was applied. The results showed that EMG activity of EO was significantly increased with a load of 30% of body weight compared to 10% and 20% of body weight in both lifting techniques (p<.05). Muscle activity of LM was significantly increased in 20% compared to 10% and 30% compared to 10% of subject`s body weight in stoop lifting and the muscle activity of LM was significantly increased in 20% compared to 10%, 30% compared to 20%, and 30% compared to 10% of the subject`s body weight in semi-squat lifting (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in activity of IO according to lifting loads in both lifting techniques. There were no significant differences in muscle activity of EO, IO, and LM between stoop and semi-squat technique (p>.05). Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the EO can contribute to increase the lumbar stability during stoop and semi-squat lifting at 30% of body weight rather than at lower loads, and the LM seems to act as counteractor to imposed loads during stoop and semi-squat lifting with increasing loads.

OsPT transgenic rice with enhanced ability of uptake phosphate from soil

Hoe Jeong Wang,Dong Soo Park,Soo Kwon Park,Sang Min Kim,Woon Ha Hwang,Norvie L. Manigbas,Doh Hoon Kim,Song Yi Song,Min Hee Nam,Hang Won Kang,Gi Hwan Yi 한국육종학회 2009 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.41 No.1

Value of Utilizing Both Aspects and CT Angiography Collateral Score for Outcome Prediction in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Song, Dongbeom,Lee, Kijeong,Kim, Eun Hye,Kim, Young Dae,Kim, Jinkwon,Song, Tae-Jin,Lee, Hye Sun,Nam, Hyo Suk,Heo, Ji Hoe SAGE Publications 2015 International journal of stroke Vol.10 No.7

<P>Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) represents the extent of irreversibly damaged tissue; while CT angiography collateral score (CTA-CS) denotes the degree of collaterals.</P>

생태학으로 문학읽기 - 괴테의 『젊은 베르터의 슬픔』

송성회 ( Song Sung-hoe ) 한국독일어문학회 2017 독일어문학 Vol.79 No.-

Die vorliegende Abhandlung versucht aufzuzeigen, wie Johann Wolfgang von Goethes Die Leiden des jungen Werther als literarische Auseinandersetzung mit einer schweren, Suizidgedanken beinhaltenden Daseineskrige zu einem lebensbejahenden Selbstfindungsprozess beitragen kann. In 『Dichtung und Wahrheit』 schrieb Goethe, daß Werther, der Held seines Romans, schon von vornherein ‘vom todlichen Wurm gestochen erscheine’. Daher konne Werther der tragischen Katastrophe nicht entkommen. Die vorliegende Studie mochte die Parallelen und Unterschiede zwischen der literarischen Figur Werther und der realen Person Goethe herausarbeiten. Insbesondere ist die Frage, “warum nehmen das wirkliche und das fiktive Leben eine so unterschiedliche Wendung? ”, von Interesse. Werther wird unbewußt von seinem zweiten irregeleiteten Ich zum Selbstmord getrieben. Im Gegensatz dazu wacht Goethe durch den Selbstmord des Legationssekretatrs Karl Wilhelm Jerusalems aus seinen torichten Traumen auf. Es gelingt ihm, durch eine rund eineinhalb Jahre lang dauernde dichterische Tatigkeit seine Daseinskepsis zu uberwinden. Asthetik als Krisenbewaltigung - in diesem Sinne verlasst Goethes beruhmter Briefroman die Grenzen der Fiktion.

괴테의 자연과 노자의 자연

송성회 ( Song Sung-hoe ) 한국독일어문학회 2019 독일어문학 Vol.87 No.-

21세기가 시작되면서 고대 중국의 노자와 근대 독일의 괴테에 대한 학계의 관심이 커지고 있다. 사람과 자연 사이의 전일론적 관계를 함축하고 있는 노자의 ‘무위자연’ 사상과 대상친화적인 사유를 토대로 한 괴테의 ‘섬세한 경험론’이 근대 이후 심각할 정도로 파괴된 사람과 자연의 조화를 되살리는 데에 보탬이 될 수 있을 것이라는 기대 때문이다. 그런데 괴테의 자연 개념과는 달리, 고대 중국 노자의 『도덕경』에 다섯 번 등장하는 자연 개념은 20세기 초 이후 우리나라의 자연 개념과 사뭇 다르다. 괴테는 ‘섬세한 경험론’을 토대로 반세기에 걸쳐 ‘살아 있는’ 자연을 연구한 결과 모든 생명의 근본원리가 ‘양극성’과 ‘상승’임을 밝혀냈다. 괴테의 자연은 과학적인 관찰과 일상 경험의 대상이다. 반면에 노자의 자연은 땅이나 하늘, 또는 사람과 땅과 하늘 모두를 포함하는 우주 등의 실체를 지칭하는 보통명사가 아니다. 노자의 자연은 사물의 속성이나 상태를 서술하는 형용사나 부사다. 그런데 이를 보통명사로 보고 ‘무위자연’을 ‘무위하는 자연’으로 이해하여, 물리적인 사물로서의 자연을 무조건 본받아야 할 모델로 여기게 된다면, 이 자연과 더불어 사는 삶이 아니라 이 자연을 최고의 심급으로 떠받드는 삶으로 이어질 수도 있다. 그러나 노자의 자연을 괴테의 ‘자연’과는 달리 ‘스스로 그러함’으로 이해할 수 있게 되면, ‘사람과 자연의 존재론적 기원’이자 ‘하늘과 땅과 사람으로 구성된 우주의 작동원리’로서의 ‘도’를 중심으로 하는 노자의 ‘무위자연’ 사상은 사람과 자연의 조화를 재확립하는 데에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts vermehrt sich das wissenschaftliche Interesse an dem Begriff ‘Natur’ von Goethe und Lao Tzu. Man denkt, Lao Tzu’s die holistische Zusammenhang zwischen Mensch und Natur enthaltendes ‘Dao’ und Goethes ins gegenständliches Denken begrundete ‘zarte Empirie’ können zur harmonischen Koexistenz zwischen Mensch und Natur beitragen. Im Gegensatz zum Begriff ‘Natur’ von Goethe, der in der vorliegenden Abhandlung als ein moderner westlicher Naturbegriff vorgestellt wird, ist der Begriff ‘Ziran 自然’ von Lao Tzu nicht gleichzusetzen mit unserem heutigen Naturbegriff. Nach der mehr als funfzig Jahre lang andauernden Naturforschung konnte Goethe ‘Polarität’ und ‘Steigerung’ als das Grundprinzip der lebendigen Natur gelten lassen. Während Goethes Natur der Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung und alltäglichen Erfahrung ist, ist Lao Tzu’s Ziran nicht das Nomen, das die Pflanze, das Tier, die Erde, den Himmel oder den dies alles umfassenden Weltraum bezeichnet. Sie ist vielmehr das Adjektiv oder Adverb, das die Beschaffenheit der Dinge darstellt. Wenn man unter dem ‘Wuwei-Jiran 無爲自然’ nur die nichts tuende Natur und das nachzuahmende Modell verstehen wurde, wurde es nicht zu einem harmonischen Zusammenleben mit der Natur, sondern zum Leben fuhren, das einseitig der Natur als der höchsten Instanz gehorsam wäre. Der Kern von Lao Tzu’s Lehre ‘Wuwei-Jiran 無爲自然’ ist das ‘Dao 道’ als der ontologische Ursprung und zugleich das Prinzip der Operation des aus dem Himmel, der Erde und den Menschen bestehenden Universums ist. Damit diese Lehre zur harmonischen Koexistenz zwischen Menschen und Natur beitragen kann, muss man unter dem ‘Ziran 自然’ nicht die goethische Natur sondern das ‘Von-Selbst-So’ verstehen.

비특이성 요통에 대한 물리치료 효과의 문헌 고찰

양회송(Hoe-Song Yang),김성중(Sung-Joong Kim),이형수(Hyoung-Soo Kim) 한국코칭능력개발원 2005 코칭능력개발지 Vol.7 No.1