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Heyoung Lee,Yu Jin Ko,Joo-Young Cha,Sang Ryeol Park,Ilpyung Ahn,황덕주 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3
WRKY proteins are known to play major rolesin defense signaling. We identified a pathogen-inducibleand SA-inducible OsWRKY30. Our cDNA clone encodesthe C-terminal region (CTR) of OsWRKY30. CTROsWRKY30includes the C-terminal WRKY domain andnuclear localization sequence. CTR-OsWRKY30 was sufficientto bind W-box sequences (TTGACC/T). Overexpressionof the CTR-OsWRKY30 resulted in enhancedresistance to pathogens in Arabidopsis and rice. Defenserelatedgenes were constitutively expressed in transgenicArabidopsis and rice over-expressing CTR-OsWRKY30. Based on promoter transient assays, CTR-OsWRKY30 issufficient to activate OsPR10a promoter as much as fulllength OsWRKY30. Taken together, CTR-OsWRKY30positively regulates defense signaling, thereby resulting inenhanced resistance to pathogens.
Lee, Heyoung,Ko, Yu Jin,Cha, Joo-Young,Park, Sang Ryeol,Ahn, Ilpyung,Hwang, Duk-Ju 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3
WRKY proteins are known to play major roles in defense signaling. We identified a pathogen-inducible and SA-inducible OsWRKY30. Our cDNA clone encodes the C-terminal region (CTR) of OsWRKY30. CTR-OsWRKY30 includes the C-terminal WRKY domain and nuclear localization sequence. CTR-OsWRKY30 was sufficient to bind W-box sequences (TTGACC/T). Overexpression of the CTR-OsWRKY30 resulted in enhanced resistance to pathogens in Arabidopsis and rice. Defense-related genes were constitutively expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis and rice over-expressing CTR-OsWRKY30. Based on promoter transient assays, CTR-OsWRKY30 is sufficient to activate OsPR10a promoter as much as full length OsWRKY30. Taken together, CTR-OsWRKY30 positively regulates defense signaling, thereby resulting in enhanced resistance to pathogens.
Rice WRKY11 Plays a Role in Pathogen Defense and Drought Tolerance
Lee, Heyoung,Cha, Jooyoung,Choi, Changhyun,Choi, Naeyoung,Ji, Hyun-So,Park, Sang Ryeol,Lee, Seungbum,Hwang, Duk-Ju Springer US 2018 Rice Vol.11 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses, and WRKY proteins play a pivotal role in the response to such stress. <I>Os</I>WRKY11 is induced by pathogens, drought, and heat, suggesting a function in biotic and abiotic stress responses.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>This study identified <I>Os</I>WRKY11, a member of WRKY group IIc. It is a transcriptional activator that localized to the nucleus. Ectopic expression of <I>OsWRKY11</I> resulted in enhanced resistance to a bacterial pathogen, <I>Xanthomonas oryzae</I> pv. <I>oryzae</I>; resistance was compromised in transgenic lines under-expressing <I>OsWRKY11</I>. Ectopic expression of <I>OsWRKY11</I> resulted in constitutive expression of defense-associated genes, whereas knock-down (kd) of <I>OsWRKY11</I> reduced expression of defense-associated genes during pathogen attack, suggesting that <I>OsWRKY11</I> activates defense responses. <I>Os</I>WRKY11 bound directly to the promoter of <I>CHITINASE 2</I>, a gene associated with defense, and activated its transcription. In addition, ectopic expression of <I>OsWRKY11</I> enhanced tolerance to drought stress and induced constitutive expression of drought-responsive genes. Induction of drought-responsive genes was compromised in <I>OsWRKY11-</I>kd plants. <I>Os</I>WRKY11 also bound directly to the promoter of a drought-responsive gene, <I>RAB21</I>, activating its transcription. In addition, <I>Os</I>WRKY11 protein levels were controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P><I>Os</I>WRKY11 integrates plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses by positively modulating the expression of biotic and abiotic stress-related genes.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-018-0199-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
An Analysis of Common Problems in Korean-into-English Translation
AHN, Heyoung 경주대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
본 논문의 목적은 한영번역의 두 가지 주요 문제점을 고찰하고 실제번역예문을 분석하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 한영번역의 문제점을 우리말 원문분석 단계와 영어표현단계 두가지로 나누어 설명하고 있다. 첫째, 원문분석단계의 어려움으로는 우리말 원문에서 흔히 발견되는 비 문법성, 비 논리성을 지적하고 있다. 둘째, 표현단계의 어려움으로는 사고방식 및 표현방식, 즉 논리의 차이를 지적하고 있다. 그리고 우리말 표현 "손," "되다," 와 우리말 사설의 영어번역문이 분석되고 검토되고 있다.