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저출산・고령사회 이슈에 대한 정책대응 과제 : 인천시 사례를 중심으로
문은영,권미애,전혜정 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2016 이화젠더법학 Vol.8 No.1
This study was conducted with the need for preparing active measures of the central government and the local government to deal with low fertility and aging society issues and with the purpose of setting the related policy direction. The issues of recent low fertility and aging are experienced globally and the decline of population is detected in Korea as well. Therefore, multilateral efforts are taken to deal with the imminent phenomenon at the governmental level. Incheon Metropolitan City, with its population of 3 million, is one of the big cities in rapid progress of low fertility and aging phenomenon. While the total fertility rate of Incheon is 1.21 (Statistics Korea, 2015) which is the similar level with the national average, it is far below the population replacement level and has continuously been recording the low figures since 2000. Besides, the elderly population rate in 2014 was 10.3%, a 5.5% increase compared to the previous year. It is expected that the population aging would be accelerated for the next 30 years and it is forecasted that the elderly population rate of Incheon would reach around 30% by 2040. According to the survey results of general citizens on this population change, more than half of the respondents seriously recognized the shift to the low fertility and aging society and demanded the measures to deal with the issues. To set the policy direction in association with the central government within the local region, this study explores the tasks to deal with the policy and the demands for the policy in Incheon Metropolitan City. 본 연구는 저출산・고령사회 이슈에 대응하여 중앙정부와 더불어 지자체의 적극적 대책마련의 필요성과 정책방향성 수립을 위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 최근 저출산과 고령화의 문제는 전 세계적으로 경험되는 문제이며 또한 우리나라에서도 인구의 변화가 감지되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 정부차원에서 이미 저출산과 고령화 문제를 경험하고 대처하고 있는 선진국의 사례를 검토하면서, 다가올 현상에 대해 대응할 수 있기 위한 다각적 노력이 진행되고 있다. 인천시는 인구 300만 시대가 임박하는 상황에서 저출산과 고령화 현상이 빠르게 진행되고 있는 대도시중 하나이다. 인천시의 합계출산율은 1.21명으로 전국평균과 동일한 수준에 있지만 인구대체수준에는 크게 못 미치는 상황이며, 2000년 이래 지속적으로 낮은 수치를 기록하고 있다. 또한 2014년 노인인구 구성비는 10.3%로 전년대비 5.5% 증가되었으며, 향후 30년간 고령화가 빠른 속도로 진행될 것으로 전망되며 오는 2040년 인천의 고령인구비율이 약 30%로 예측되고 있다. 이러한 인구변화에 대해 일반 시민들에게 저출산・고령화 사회로의 변화는 실태조사결과 절반 이상이 심각하게 인지하고 있는 상황이며, 이에 대한 대책마련을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 중앙정부와 연계성 있는 지역 내 정책방향 수립을 위해 인천시 사례를 들어 지역에서의 정책에 대한 시민체감도와 정책 수요, 또 정책대응의 과제를 살펴보고자 한다.
朴恩姬,姜대勳,白盛惠,朴國泰,金惠敬,蔡禹기,權鈞 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1999 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.9 No.1
중학교 화학 분야의 오개념 조사에 사용된 설문지의 문제점을 밝혀, 학생들의 정확한 오개념 조사를 위한 바탕을 마련하고자 한다. 기존의 중학교 화학 분야에 대한 오개념 조사 설문지가 연구 대상 학생들에게 잘못 사용되고 있었으며, 문항 내용 자체에도 오류가 있었음을 지적하고자 하는 것이다. 선행 연구들의 분석 결과들이 오개념이 아니라 무개념임을 확인하기 위하여 중학교 1학년 학생 182명을 대상으로 두 종류의 설문지 A와 B를 투입하여 조사하였다. 설문지 A는 오개념 연구를 위해 선행 연구들에서 사용한 문항들로 이루어진 것으로, 이를 투입한 결과를 선행 연구들의 결과들과 비교하기 위한 것이다. 그리고 설문지 B는 설문지 A에서 응답한 학생들의 구체적인 생각을 알아보기 위하여 새롭게 개발한 것이다. 설문지 A를 통해 얻은 결과와 선행 연구들에서 얻은 결과들을 비교할 때, 전반적으로 일관성이 없게 나타났으며, 중학교 1학년 학생들의 주관식 정답률이 객관식 정답률에 비해 매우 낮게 나타나는 공통점은 있었으나, 문항 자체의 오류들이 발견되었다. 설문지 B를 통해 학생들의 생각을 알아본 결과, 설문지 A에서 과학적 개념과 오개념으로 분류된 학생들 중에서 무개념으로 판단된 경우가 많았다. This study was to clarify the problems of questionnaires related to misconception researches of middle school chemistry and to prepare a ground for the correct misconception research for students. For these purposes, the questionnaires of the misconception researches related to chemistry in middle school were analyzed, and the mistakes of the questions which were used in 7th grade students were found, based on a definition of misconceptions in this study. Also, the errors in contents of the questionnaires were indicated. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the 7th grade students did not have misconceptions contrary to some of the previous researches conclusions. They only had no conceptions related to the contents. In order to support this analysis, two different questionnaire sets (questionnaire set A and B) for 182 7th grade students were used. After obtaining similar results to those of the previous researches by the questionnaire set A, the students' thoughts were examined by the questionnaire set B. From the results of this study, the correct answer rates of subjective questions were very low compared with those of objective questions in the questionnaire set A for 7th grade students. It was hard to find consistency among the results of the researches using the questionnaire set A. And many contents of the questions consisted of the questionnaire set A were not consisted with a definition of misconceptions. There were errors in the contents of the questions, too. The students classified as the having-science-concepts group and the having-misconceptions group by the questionnaire set A were classified as the having-no-concepts group by the questionnaire set B.
이은숙 ; 김혜진 ; 김희천 ; 최옥선 김천대학교 2003 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.24 No.-
To help the guidance of treatment method, prevention of halitosis, and oral hygiene management for halitosis patient or non-halitosis group for investigating the status in accordance with awareness of halitosis to improve the oral health for college students, the survey including ques- tionnaire was performed for 331 persons of students who is studying in the Gimcheon college located in the northern province of Kyeongsang-Do. As a conclusion, the following data are obtained. 1. For the question of "I am acknowledging the halitosis", the replying person were 123 persons (37.2%), including men-69 persons(20.8%), women-54 persons(16.3%), So, in case of the ratio of acknowledging the halitosis, men was higher than women. On the contrary, for the question of "I do not acknowledging the halitosis", men-68 persons (20.5%), women-140 persons(42.3%), So, in case of the ratio of non-ackowledging the halitosis, men was much higher than women. 2. For the question of "When did you acknowledge the halitosis at most in the whole day?", total of 127 persons(38.4%) said "as soon as get up" out of the 183 persons (55%) who acknowledging the halitosis. The remaining replies were followed in the order of "before breakfast", "after breakfast", and "before sleeping". 3. In the status of oral hygiene, it showed that the persons who acknowledge the halitosis acts positively the frequency of toothbrushing (more than twice a day), method of toothbrushing, and brushing the tongue than the persons who do not acknowledge the halitosis. 4. In the status of smoking habits, there was no increment according to the duration of smoking, but in the status of amount of smoking, the persons who smokes less than half carton a day were 20 (6.0%), half through one carton a day were 31 (9.4%). So, it showed that the amount of smoking is affected to the cause of halitosis. 5. The ordinary prevention methods for oral hygiene according to the awareness of halitosis were investigated in the order of toothbrushing/brushing the tongue (37.3%), chewing the gum (33%), and using the rinsing liquids (12.4%).
한은혜,김성연,박성오 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-
시판품인 살균하지 않은 탁주 2종(탁주 A, B)과 살균한 탁주 2종(탁주 C, D)에 대찬 알코올와 향기 성분 등을 분석한 과는 다음과 같다. 탁주 A와B의 ethanol 농도는 각각 7.5, 6.5%로서 주세법 규정 농도인 6~8%에 충족 되지만 탁주 B와 C는 각각 5.0, 4.8%로서 약 1% 정도 미달되었다. 총산은 0.27~0.42%로서 주세법에서 0.5% 이하의 규정한 농도에 적합 하였으나 아미노태 질소 함량(0.38~0.56%), 총당 함량(2.35~3.42%) 그리고 고형분 함량(3.25~12.20%)은 비교적 낮았다. 미량 알코올은 17종이 검출되었으며 이중에서 fuse1 oil성분인 3-methyl-1-butanol(1.495~2.595), 2-phenyl ethanol(1.032~l.923), 2-methyl-1-propanol(0.081~0.151), 2,3-butanediol(0.005~0.015) 등의 면적 비을이 높게 검출 되었다. 유기산은 acetic acid(0.052~0.146) 와 ethyl benzoic acid(0.071~0.140)의 면적 비율이 높게 나타났으며 탁주 B와 D 에서는 10종의 유기산이 검출되였으나 탁주 A에서는 8종, 탁주 C에서는 7종이 검출되었다. Ester는 총 20종이 검출 되었으며 butanoic acid, ethyl ester(0.005~0.299), acetic acid, ethyl ester(0.002~0.072), methyl phenidate(0.025~0.070)가 높은 면적 비을로 검출되였다. 그외에 4-hydroxy-3-hexanone, butyrolactone methylthio propanone과 같은 carbonyl 화합물과 N-methyl octyl amine과 같은 amine류도 미량 검출 되였다. Two kinds of unsterilized market takju(takju A, B) and two kinds of sterilized market takju(takju C, D) were analyzed for their conponents and the results were as follows. According to the Liquor Tax Law the alcohol contents of market takju are allowed in the range of 6 to 8% and the total acid contents are provided under 0.5%. And the alcohol contents of takju A and B were 7.5 and 6.5%, respectively which were satisfied to the Law but the alcohol contents of takju B and C were 5.0 and 4.8% respectively which were less than about 1% to the Law. The total acid contents of takju were in the range of 0.27 to 0.42% which were proper concentrations to the Law. The amino nitrogen contents(0.38~0.56%), the total sugar contents(2.35~3.42%) and the extract contents(3.25~12.20%) were detected relatively low. Seventeen kinds of alcohols were detected in four kinds of takju and 3-methy-1-butanol(1.495-2.595), 2-phenyl ethanol(1.032~1.923), methyl-1-propanol(0.081~0.151) and 2, 3-butanediol(0.005~0.015) were detected in higher percentages of peak area than other alcohols. Ten kinds of organic acids were detected in takju B and D restectively but in takju A eight kinds and in takju C seven kinds of organic aicds were detected. Among these acids acetic acid(0.052~0.146) and ethyl benzoic acid(0.071~0.140) were detected in higher percentages of peak area than other organic acids in the four kinds of takju. Total twenty kinds of esters were decteted in the four kinds of takju and butanoic acid, ethyl ester(0.005~0.299), acetic acid, ethyl ester(0.002~0.072) and methyl phenidate(0.025~0.070) were detected in higher percentages of peak area than other esters in the four kinds of takju. Besides, minor amounts of carbonyl compounds such as 4-hydroxy-3-hexanone, butyrolactone, 3-methyl thio-1-propanone and an amine compound such as N-methyl octyl amine were also detected in takju.
구강양치액에 따른 구강환경지수 및 구강미생물균수의 변화에 관한 연구 : 구강양치액에 따른 구강 환경지수, VIC 및 구강미생물군수의 변화에 관한 연구
이은숙 ; 김혜진 김천대학교 2004 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.25 No.-
This study is to investigate the residents with the symptoms of gin-givitis and periodontitis who agreed on the participation of experimental process among them who visited the laboratory in the department of dental hygienists. K college, in order to diagnose the dental prophylaxis, preventive treatment. They were divided into Distilled water group. Chlorhexidine group. and Leaf Extract group. And, this study is to investigate the change of number of bacteria in the oral cavity according to the status of dental environment, PHP, VSC, and G.I. using the mouth rinse in the same condition for 3 days. 1. As a result of dental examination of experimental object, the mea suring value of dmft was average 5.83, and the dt was 5.39, and VSC was 84.96ppb. PHP was 6.31, and the gingival bleeding index was 57.03%, and the gingival index was 2.16. and the periodontal pocket was 3.51mm. 2. As a result of examining the change of PHP and VSC using the mouth rinse by the group for the experimental object for 3 days, PHP significantly increased to 6.86 in the first day of visiting, 7.19 in one day later, 8.03 in two days later. 8.31 in the final day when it uses the dis-tilled water (p<0.01) The chlorhexidine and leaf extract group rapidly increased after the first day, and then it found that it increased smooth-ly after the second night. In the group using the DW, the VSC signifi-cantly increased from 89.71 ppb in the first day to 154.29ppb on the third day. (p<0.01) Also, the leaf extract group significantly increased from 88.56ppb to 121.89ppb(p<0.1), and VSC had an effect on the inhibition of the bacteria growth by the chlorhexidine. 3. As a result of examining CFU according to the depth of periodontal pocket, it found that the leaf extract group(6.07x104) and chlorhexi-dine (4.22 104) had an effect on the inhibition of the bacteria growth more than the DW (29.15 x 104) in a group with the below 3.5mm in the depth of periodontal pocket. As for the CFU in the salvia and gingival sulcus, the number of bacteria after using the mouth rinse in the whole three groups increased too highly in the salvia sampled using Peptone gargle. As for the change of number of bacteria after Paper point pack-ing. the group of distilled water increased significantly. But, it found that the group using the chlorhexidine and the leaf extract increased smoothly. 4. As for CFU of G.I before the treatment of dental prophylaxis, the higher the gingival dimension was according to the sorts of mouthrins-ing, the more the number of bacteria(p<0.01) was. After the use of mouth rinse, it found that the higher G.I was, the more CFU was. In the chlorhexidine and the green tea extract, the higher G.I was, the less CFU was or the more it increased smoothly. After all, it found that the higher G.I was, the more it had an effect on the use of mouthrinse.
김은숙,임혜정 치과연구사 1999 치과연구 Vol.45 No.4
This study is performed to find current class of position and the wanted continuing education of dental hygienists who are working at the public health centers or it's branches in Korea. The sample is consist of the 504 hygienists who work in public health center in Korea now. Class of position, place of working, wanted continuing education were investigated about dental hygienists. The major findings are summarized as follows. 1. 89.8% of dental hygienists have been working 5 to 10 years at the dental clinic of the public health centers and 98.9% of dental hygienists were technical officials. 2. The most of dental hygiene recognized that they have been wanted continuing education program for dental health education to community based person. 3. The most of public health dental hygienists worked to clinic and preventive dental program, especially Jeon-la province and kyung-buk province that their working job are clinical working higher than other provinces.
文惠京,殷英子 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1991 科學論集 Vol.17 No.-
Costume has been steadily changed and developed, not only creating the mode, but also fading it according to the social change of many historical events the French Revolution(1789) was a very meaningful on in reforming costume conspicuously as well as in establishing the modern European history. Accordingly this study aims to present how costume, headdress, hat, shoes, and ornaments, etc. from the Rococo<1714~1789> to the Empire<1789~1815>. 1. In clothes, culottes, the short trousers was changed into today's pantaloon through sans-culottes, merveilleuse clothes into highwaist, chemise into Y-shirt, cravate into necktie and veste into waistcoat. Aristocratic costume disappeared ; and the civil one led the major-style while redingote provided variant designs for women overcoat. And in colour the conventional black vanished, namely the democratization of clothes was practiced. 2. In hairdress and hat, men had short hair, and the simple formed-hat appeared, for example chapeau with high crown ;it showed the pragmatic tendency. In women's hair and hat, the archaic style titus and short curled-hair were prevalent, which was the resurrection of the old fashion. And oriental shawl and luxurious turban imported through Napoleonic external wars were in mode, which showed the influence on the costume of the political condition. 3. In shoes, men wore comfortable low-heeled pumpus and boots suiting for their clothes. Women wore escarpin comfortable in wearing and Greek styled-shoes, but in fact there was no great change in comparison with clothes or hairdress. 4. In ornaments, watchpocket, seal which hung under the watchpocket and gloves were men's major accessories. Women carried the portable folding-fan with them, and used to wear gloves becoming to shoes. 5. In clothes, practical ones such as wool and textile were favored because of the economically poor situation just after the Revolution. However, after Napoleon's accession to the thron material and colour of clothes become colourful and bright according the the internal reformation and beautification of Paris. These phenomena imply that economical conditions make materials of clothes simple or exuberant. And after the French Revolution the democratization of clothes was practiced and civil costume oriented to the new mode was fixed, while the aristocratic tendency was demolished. In short costume after the Revolution became the turning point of modernization.
화학적 변형에 의한 Trichoderma Viride Cellulase의 β-Glucosidase특성연구
고은희,이혜숙 德成女子大學校 1992 德成女大論文集 Vol.21 No.-
In the light of the wide industrial significance of cellulase, in is requested to obtain the basic (research) data on the chemical and physical characteristics of the each component of the enzyme. Chemical modification of the amino acid residues of T. viride cellulase was carried out as a means of illustrating the enzymatich mechanisem of β-Glucosidase. 5.5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate (DTNB) and n-acetylimidazole(NAI) were chosen as the modifying agents for the free -SH group of cystein residues and the tyrosine residues of the enzyme respectively. DTNB altered neither the enzyme activity nor the absorbance at 412nm, suggesting that cysteins of the enzyme are not likely to exist as the free -SH form. The reactions with NAI resulted in the reversible chemical modification of the enzyme and decrease of the enzyme activity. The results imply that the tyrosine might be involved in the active sites of the β-Glucosidase.
이은숙 ; 강경희 ; 김혜진 김천대학교 2002 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.23 No.-
The purpose of this study are to do surveys of the attitude and behavior about oral health of mothers with infants and to apply those results to the systematic and efficient oral health care.
전산유체역학을 이용한 싸이클론형 전기집진기 고도 설계 연구
이은주,장동순,나혜령,김혜숙 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-
A computer program is developed in order to figure out the physical insight of the combined dust removal equipment, that is, cyclonic electrostatic precipitator. The computer program employs Patankar's control-volume based finite-difference method, in which SIMPLEC algorithm is used for the resolution of pressure-linked momentum equation. Further two equation k-ε model is incorperated for Reynolds stresses and many empirical formulae are employed for dust charging and electric resistivity. A series of extensive parametric investigations are performed in terms of tangential velocity(swirl intensity), applied voltage across two electrodes, and particulate diameters, etc. It is found that the electrostatic force gives much more strong effect, expecially for small particulate, on the dust removal than the centrifugal force. Other calculated results are physically acceptable and consistent.