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Hernán Salas Quintanal,Iñigo González de la Fuente Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2013 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.3 No.1
Abstract. In recent decades, the Latin America’s rural economy and society has been transformed as a result of its dependence on capitalist relationships and the integration of agriculture and food production to world markets, to forms of modernization favoring agro-industrial groups, capitalistic farm businessmen and a few peasant family units. Most peasants and rural workers are now employed in temporary, precarious and flexible contractual conditions. This article examines changes in the institutions regulating socio-economic life and their effect on the rural lifestyle in the Nativitas municipality, Tlaxcala, Mexico. By observing communities under study, the authors propose that rural changes have not turned these regions into totally urban settings. Rurality, as it has been known traditionally, have been altered since it is the current trend that family members work in varied sectors and milieus, whereupon it is necessary to ask what remains of that rurality and how it is defined in this context. Resumen. En las últimas décadas, la economía y sociedad rural, en toda América Latina, se ha transformado como consecuencia de la dependencia de las relaciones capitalistas, la incorporación de la agricultura y la producción de alimentos a los mercados de la economía mundial, a formas de modernización que han beneficiado a grupos de agroindustriales, empresarios agrícolas capitalistas y algunas unidades campesinas familiares. La mayoría de los campesinos y trabajadores rurales se emplean en condiciones contractuales temporales, precarias y flexibles. Este artículo tiene por objeto conocer las transformaciones de las instituciones que han regulado la vida socioeconómica y sus efectos en el modo de vida rural de la población del municipio de Natívitas al sur del estado de Tlaxcala. Estas evidencias nos llevan a proponer que las transformaciones rurales no han convertido estas regiones en espacios totalmente urbanos. La ruralidad, como la hemos conocido tradicionalmente se ha alterado, siendo la tendencia actual que los miembros de las familias se empleen en diferentes ámbitos y sectores, de manera que es necesario preguntarnos qué queda de aquella ruralidad y cómo se define en este contexto lo rural. Key words: New Rurality, Deagrarianization, Globalization, Labour pluriactivity, Mexico Palabras clave: Nueva Ruralidad, Desagrarización, Globalización, Pluriactividad laboral, México.
Yazmín Hernández‑Díaz,Thelma Beatriz González‑Castro,Isela Esther Juárez‑Rojop,Carlos Alfonso Tovilla‑Zárate,María Lilia López‑Narváez,Alma Delia Genis‑Mendoza,Ana Fresan,Humberto Nicolini 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.11
Background Several studies have evaluated the possible association between polymorphisms or variants in Corticotropinreleasing hormone 1 receptor gene (CRHR1) with depression; however, results remain contradictory and heterogeneous. Objective To our knowledge, we conducted the frst comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association of the CRHR1 gene and the risk of depression. Methods A search online was conducted in databases for any CRHR1 genetic association studies in depression. Data were extracted for evaluation of pooled estimates using meta-analytic techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis, v2.0 software. Result A total of 1403 cases and 2353 mentally healthy controls were included in this study. We found a signifcant association of rs242941, rs1876828 and rs242939 variants of the CRHR1 gene with depression. No association of CRHR1 rs110402 and depression was observed. Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows that some variants of the CRHR1 gene (rs242941, rs1876828 and rs242939) might confer susceptibility to depression. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be conducted.
Clinical Features of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Single Center Experience in Ecuador
Fabián Vásconez Muñoz,Pamela Hernández Almeida,Estefanía Carrión-Jaramillo,Andrea Vásconez Montalvo 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.4
Purpose: Data on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in South America is scarce. Moreover, no studies are available in Ecuador. We evaluated the clinical, endoscopic, and histological characteristics of Ecuadorian children with EoE. Methods: Medical records of 2,711 children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) between 2009 and 2020 at Hospital Metropolitano de Quito, Ecuador were reviewed. Esophageal mucosal biopsies were obtained from 72 patients and the features of 35 children with EoE were described. EoE was diagnosed when there were more than 15 eosinophils in the esophagus, per high power field. Results: EoE was diagnosed in 35 children (9.4±4.5 years) with a male predominance (74%). Abdominal pain (51.4%) and vomiting (31.4%) were dominant symptoms. A history of allergic diseases was noted in 47.1% of the children, which mainly included allergic rhinitis (37.1%) and atopic dermatitis (11.4%). The most common endoscopic findings were furrowing (82.9%) and edema (74.3%). All patients were initially treated with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Those who did not respond to PPIs received steroids (5.7%) and diet therapy (5.7%), and five patients were referred to an allergist. Clinical and histological resolution was observed in 65% of the patients who underwent a second UGE after 6–8 weeks of PPI. Conclusion: Our study describes the clinical features of pediatric EoE in Ecuador. This is the first retrospective study in Ecuador that describes the clinical, endoscopic, and histological manifestations of EoE in a small pediatric population. Almost half of the children who underwent a biopsy had EoE.
Design of intelligent control strategies using a magnetorheological damper for span structure
Ángela Hernández,Graciliano N. Marichal,Alfonso V. Poncela,Isidro Padrón 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.4
This paper focuses on the design of an intelligent control system. The used techniques are basedon Neuro Fuzzy approaches applied to a magnetorheological damper in order to reduce the vibrations overfootbridges; it has been applied to the Science Museum Footbridge of Valladolid, particularly. A model ofthe footbridge and of the damper has been built using different simulation tools, and a successful comparisonwith the real footbridge and the real damper has been carried out. This simulated model has allowed thereproduction of the behaviour of the footbridge and damper when a pedestrian walks across the footbridge. Once it is determined that the simulation results are similar to real data, the control system is introduced intothe model. In this sense, different strategies based on Neuro Fuzzy systems have been studied. In fact, anANFIS (Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System) method has also been used, in addition to an alternativeNeuro Fuzzy approach. Several trials have been carried out, using both techniques, obtaining satisfactoryresults after using these techniques.
Strength design criterion for asymmetrically reinforced RC circular cross-sections in bending
E. Hernández-Montes,L.M. Gil-Martín,P. Alameda-Hernández 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2013 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.11 No.6
Asymmetrical reinforcement for circular sections in wall piles is an efficient construction component with reduced embodied energy. It has been proven that asymmetrical reinforced wall piles may save more than 50% of the reinforcement than the traditional symmetrically reinforced circular sections. The use of this new type of structural member increases the number of variables in the design problem, which makes its use by engineers more complicated. In order to facilitate the use of the asymmetrically reinforced piles, this paper presents a criterion for the design of this type of structural member. The chosen criterion has been analyzed with the help of flexural capacity-cost curves. The new criterion is similar to the design procedure traditionally used for RC beams.
Tuberculosis in Mexico and the USA, Comparison of Trends Over Time 1990–2010
Eduardo Hernández-Garduño,Fabiola Mendoza-Damián,Salvador Ayón-Garibaldo,Adriana Garduño-Alanís 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.3
Background: The aim was to compare tuberculosis trends in Mexico and United States and to evaluate Mexican diagnostic methods and contact investigation. Methods: Retrospective comparative study of tuberculosis cases and incidence rates between both countries (1990–2010). Diagnostic methods and contact investigations were also evaluated for Mexico. Estimates were obtained from official websites. Results: In Mexico, no clear trend was found over time for cases. Pulmonary (PTB) and all forms of tuberculosis (AFTB) incidence decreased 2.0% annually. There was a negative correlation between the mean contacts examined per case and AFTB incidence (r2=–0.44, p=0.01) with a 33% reduction in AFTB incidence. In United States, PTB and AFTB cases have been decreasing 6.0% and 5.6% annually, respectively. The incidence decreased 7.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in Mexico is decreasing slightly over time at 2% annually. In the United States, cases and incidence rates have been decreasing at a higher rate (5% to 7% annually). The inverse association between number of contacts examined per state and incidence rates in Mexico underscore the importance of reinforcing and improving contact investigations with the likely translation of a decrease of TB incidence at a higher rate.
David Calderón Guzmán,Ernestina Hernández García,Norma Osnaya Brizuela,Francisca Trujillo Jiménez,Gerardo Barragán Mejía,Daniel Santamaría del Ángel,Elvira Nuñez A,Liliana Carmona Aparicio,Hugo Juárez 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.10
The effect that osteltamivir has on the metabolism of catecholamines and oxidative damage in the brains of young patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of oseltamivir, in the presence of oligoelements, on biogenic amines and select oxidative biomarkers in the brains of uninfected, young rats under normal conditions. The study was conducted using male Wistar rats intraperitoneally treated for three days with either a control dose of 0.9 % NaCl, oseltamivir (50 mg/kg), oligoelements (50 μL/rat), or oseltamivir (50 mg/kg) and oligoelements (50 μL/rat). The brain tissue extracted from the treated rats was used to determine the concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine, as well as the levels of GSH, lipid peroxidation, and ATPase activity. An increase in the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline and in the level of GSH in the group treated with oligoelements (p < 0.001) was observed, while the group treated with oseltamivir and oligoelements, the levels of dopamine increased (p < 0.001), and in the groups treated with oligoelements alone or combination with oseltamivir a decrease in lipid peroxidation was observed (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that the consumption of oseltamivir and oligoelements induce biphasic changes in the metabolism of catecholamines; thereby, inducing a protective mechanism against oxidative damage in the brains of young rats.
Moctezuma Victor,Hernández Benjamín,Sánchez-Huerta José Luis,Lizardo Viridiana,Quiroz-Rocha Georgina Adriana,Navarrete-Heredia José Luis 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1
Two new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 from the Pacific Slope of Mexico are described and illustrated: Onthophagus gonzaloi Moctezuma, Hernández & Sánchez-Huerta, sp. nov., and Onthophagus yescaensis Moctezuma, Hernández & Sánchez-Huerta, sp. nov. New records for Onthophagus browni Howden & Cartwright, 1963 from the Mexican states of Jalisco (the southernmost locality known to date) and Zacatecas are provided. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51AA52C6-41BF-4A8B-9BC9-D78600EDB32E.