무선 환경에서 안전한 종단간 보안을 제공하는 AWTLS(Alternative Wireless Transport Layer Security) 프로토콜 : AWTLS(Alternative Wireless Transport Layer Security) Protocol

최진규,이헌길 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

The WAP is a set of protocols that optimizes standard TCP/IP protocols, for use under the low bandwidth, high latency conditions often found in wireless networks. In WAP, WTLS(Wireless Transport Layer Security) is a subprotocol that it has been suggested for security communications. This protocol is a modified version of the TLS(Transport Layer Security) appropriate for wireless networks. In the data exchange between WTLS and TLS protocol, the message transmitted between the handset and the server is unencrypted for a very brief moment inside the WAP gateway. Even though the interval time the message remains unencrypted is very short, he or she who has an administrator account can attempt to view the unencrypted message. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the safe end-to-end security model, which is called AWTLS(Alternative Wireless Transport Layer Security). The proposed AWTLS can not only prevent the gateway from viewing the uncrypted message, but also reduce the encryption/decryption overhead of the mobile terminal.

선천성 골 조갑 이형성증 : A Case Report 1례 보고

황규광,이원각,김동헌 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

The Onycho-osteodysplasia is characterized anomalies of nails associated various skeletal dysplasia-knee, pelvis, elbow and others. The condition is usually transmitted as a simple autosomal dominant gene. The authors experienced one case of Onycho-osteo dysplasia showing dystropies of mails and hypoplastic patellae in a 4-year-old boy.

관절 내시경술에 의한 퇴행성 슬관절염의 치료

김동헌,장병춘,신규철,이재성 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

The arthroscopic surgery is an increasingly accepted procedure for the treatment of symptomatic arthritic knee. Authors reviewed the operative results of arthroscopic surgery in 35 knee joints of 27 patients from 1993 to 1997. 1. The average age of patients was 64 years old and the primary diagnosis was degenerative osteoarthritis in all patients. 2. Preoperative symptomes and signs were pain(98%), tenderness(85%), swelling(85%), decreased range of motion(71%) and effusion(55%). 3. The operative procedures were irrigation and synovectomy(20%), abrasion arthroplasty(57%), partial menisectomy and abrasion arthroplasty(23%). 4. The symptoms and signs were improved postoperatively: according to Nine point scale, the good results were recorded at postoperative 6 months and follow-up 2 years in nearly all patients. 5. The complications were minimal. Authors concluded that arthroscopic surgery is considered as a reliable method in the treatment of degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee but not as a curable method, needing a long term observation.

비 표준 인터페이스 연결을 위한 커넥터 컴포넌트 모델

박헌규,윤청 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.26 No.2

Component-based software development that is software composition development technique improves production of software development with reuse. This paper proposes Connector Component Model for connection between components has non-standard interface. Connector Component is a component provide way of communication between components have non-standard interface set. Two Components participate with in interaction, one provide specified service and the other require the service. When provided interface is not mapping with required interface, Connector Component provide solution of this problem.

노년의 대퇴골 원위부 골절 시 동시에 시행한 전슬관절 성형술 및 금속판 내고정술 : 8예 보고 Report of Eight Cases

김동헌,장병춘,신규철,양준호 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

Supracondylar fracture of the femur can be treated by a wide variety of methods. Although satisfactory results have been achieved with either open and closed treatment, less certain results are obtained for the elderly who have pre-existing osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Particularly, elderly patients who have preexisting osteoarthritis are at increased risk of posttraumatic arthritis, stiff knee, persistent pain. Primary total knee arthroplasty(TKA) might obviate many of these potential problems and help to return the high-risk patient to an ambulatory functional status immediately. There are few reports about this study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results treated by simultaneous internal fixation and TKA for the supracondylar fracture in the elderly who have osteoarthritis of the knee joint. From 1994 to 1998, eight primary TKAs using posterior cruciate sparing PFC knee(Press Fit Condylar, Johnson & Johnson, Raynham, U.S.A) were performed after internal fixation for the supracondylar fracture of the femur with Judet plate or condylar buttress plate by conventional means. Patella was not resurfaced in all knees. According to the M ller classification of the supracondylar fracture of the femur 5 fractures were type A, 2 in type B, 1 in type C. Five patients were female, 3 patients were male. The ages ranged from 66 to 81, with an average of 74 years. Patients were followed for at least 1 year(average 3 years). The mean interval between the injury and operation was 2 weeks(range, 1 week to 4 weeks). Active knee joint exercise was encouraged in a hinge brace under the postoperative pain control. Partial weight bearing was permitted at the postoperative 4 to 6 weeks using crutches. Full weight bearing was allowed after union of the fracture. Fractures were united in all patients and the average duration of bony union was 16 weeks. The average amount of flexion and average flexion contracture for the all patients at the most recent follow-up were 96 degrees (range, 45 to 120 degrees) and 7 degrees (range, zero to 20 degrees), respectively. Using the knee rating score advocated by the American Knee Society, the average postoperative score was 87 for pain and 80 for function. We concluded that simultaneous internal fixation and TKA for supracondylar fracture of the femur in elderly patients who have advanced knee osteoarthritis may provide satisfactory pain relief and function with acceptable morbidity.

생활하수 및 산업폐수가 유입되는 수영천의 수질특성

이헌모,곽영규 동의공업대학 1999 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Su-young Cheon is one of the severely polluted streams by domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. A study was carried out at downstream of Su-young Cheon in order to evaluate the effect of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater on water quality. The range and mean values of water quality in Won-Dong bridge were as follows: DO were 0.6-5.7mg/l and 3.82mg/l. SS were 12-79mg/l and 38.4mg/l. BOD 1.6-5.1mg/l, 3.17mg/l, COD 22.4-71mg/l, 39.6mg/l, NH4-N 0.28-1.49mg/l, 2.33mg/l, T-N 0.95-3.92mg/l, 1.76mg/l. In case of T-P were 0.14-0.77mg/l and 0.21mg/l. The range and mean values of water quality in Minrak bridge were as follows: DO were 3.3-5.6mg/l and 4.26mg/l. SS were 11-96mg/l and 53.7mg/l. BOD 0.8-4.7mg/l 2.75mg/l, COD 20-41mg/l, 29.6mg/l, NH4-N 0.02-1.98mg/l, 0.58mg/l, T-N 0.64-2.6mg/l, 1.76mg/l. In case of T-P were 0.12-0.88mg/l and 0.37mg/l.

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

'지각의 물질과 변화' 단원에 대한 중학생들의 인식과 자연환경에의 연계성

조규성,황지현 全北大學校 敎育大學院 2001 敎育論叢 Vol.21 No.-

This study is focused on how much middle school students who learn the chapter of first-grade science, ‘The Materials and Change of the Earth Surface’, connect and understand what they learn with their environment and surroundings. According to this research, this study will discuss the connection between school education and living surroundings and how much the difference between the surroundings will influence the understanding of their concepts and attitudes toward science. This study researched 330 second-grade students in middle schools which are located in Jeonju, Buan and Jinan in Jeollabukdo. (1) In case of mineral and rocks, this study analyzed that students have known the concept of mineral and rocks by observing samples in class. Only 16 percent of the students observe surrounding rocks with interest, but most of them are not interested in it. (2) Chaesukgang and Mountain Mai are two local places in Jeollabukdo which have a lot of specific stratum and geological structures. So it’s easy for teachers to show the students rocks and geological structure by connecting outdoor experience with these locations. Although the students have a little more observation experience than Jeonju area students, all of them throughout the county seldom do outdoor observation learning. By collecting and observing the surrounding minerals and rocks, along with teaching the chapter ‘The Materials and Change of the Earth Surface’, and by visiting outdoor locations while teaching at geological structures, we can improve the effect of learning.

괴사후성과 비괴사후성 간경변증에서 원인별 주석교질 (^99mTc-tin colloid) 간스캔의 차이

이헌영,허승식,이강욱,정현용,김삼용,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.2

The differences of the liver scintigraphic features between postnecrotic and nonpostnecrotic liver cirrhosis were studied for 69 patients. Degrees of mottling and splenomegaly were no different between two groups but shrinked form was more frequent finding in postnecrotic type(23:10), and normal shape & enlarged left lobe with shrinked right lobe were relatively dominant in non-postnecrotic group(15:6, 10:2). Grade of extrahepatic uptake of ^99mTc-tin colloid was significantly higher in Child-Pugh B & C group than A group(p<0.05), but there was no difference between postnecrotic and non-postnecrotic groups. These will be important results on the dicision for the presence of cirrhosis according to the variable causes.

차량경로문제(VRP)의 최적루트 설계를 위한 알고리듬 개발에 관한 연구

이규헌 한국경영과학회 1994 한국경영과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This paper is concerned with the development of tree-search algorithm for the exact solution to the vehicle routing problem (VRP), where set of vehicles of known capacity based at depot, have to be routed in order to supply customers with known requirements. What is required is to design routes, so that the total cost (i. e. total route length or time duration, ect. ) is minimized. For obtaining the exact solution, the most important factors are the value of bound and branching strategy. Using the bound based on with bound ascent procedures from subgradient and state-space ascents, the incorporation of bounds into tree search algorithm to solve the problem is shown. Computational results of the corresponding algorithm show that VRPs with up to 40 customers can be solved optimally with this algorithm.