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Koskela Heikki Olavi,Nurmi Hanna Maria,Birring Surinder Singh 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.6
Cough provocation tests (CPTs) are an objective measurement of the sensitivity of the cough reflex arc. However, they are not established in clinical practice because a large variability of response in healthy subjects limits their diagnostic value. There is a paucity of studies that have investigated CPT reference ranges in healthy subjects. This systematic review describes the variability of the responses to CPTs in healthy subjects and factors that influence it. A new analysis of 134 healthy subjects was conducted to create reference ranges for single-breath capsaicin CPT by calculating the interquartile ranges for the provocative concentration of capsaicin to induce 2 and 5 coughs. Female subjects had a more sensitive cough reflex than male counterparts. The ability of CPTs to distinguish various respiratory diseases from healthy subjects was also reviewed. Cough sensitivity was consistently heightened in the following groups: unselected patients with chronic, refractory, or recurrent cough, unexplained chronic cough, gastro-esophageal reflux-associated cough, cough-variant asthma, lower airway symptoms induced by chemical irritants, and fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. In the following groups, hypersensitivity of the cough reflex was present in those individuals whose symptom profile was predominated by cough: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and sarcoidosis. In the following conditions, patients usually cough in order to expectorate mucus from their airways, not because of a hypersensitive cough reflex arc: productive cough, asthma, upper airway cough syndrome, COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and chronic respiratory infections. CPTs have the potential to identify patients with chronic respiratory symptoms due to cough reflex hypersensitivity, thereby providing a targeted approach for therapy.
Jarno Alahuhtala,Heikki Tuusa 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper presents a space vector modulation (SVM) method for four-wire Vienna rectifier (VIENNA4). The modulator uses complex plane for modulation and treats the zero-sequence voltage reference as an offset which is realized by proper weighting of redundant vectors. The main application for VIENNA4 is a transformerless ac-dc-ac converter used in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The applied modulation method and the control system are analyzed in detail. The analysis is verified with measurements from 10 ㎸A 230 V/400 V 50 ㎐ laboratory prototype in steady state and dynamical load conditions. The digital implementation of the modulator and the control system are realized with Freescale MPC563 microcontroller.
Murat Gunduz,Heikki Laitinen 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.2
There is an essential need for a systemized and objective site safety performance measurement method. The method also needs to cover the positive aspects of safety management perspectives considering that traditional methods mainly concentrate on improving negative aspects of safety management practices. The TR method is a standardized safety monitoring method which takes positive safety management practices into account. This paper introduces the application of the TR method to the construction industry with modifications. It presents the outcome of the TR application on SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) for a period of almost two years. The improvement of the TR Index values in construction SMEs presents a practical validation for the TR Safety Index Method.
Panu Lauttamus,Heikki Tuusa 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper examines the reactive power and harmonics compensation performance of a low switching frequency three-level voltage-source inverter based 10 MVA STATCOM. The intention is to mitigate supply current harmonics up to the 13th order using a switching frequency between 600-1200 ㎐. However, due to the low switching frequency the STATCOM response time is not adequate for harmonics compensation because PWM modulation adds a notable delay to the current control loop. Four different harmonic detection methods equipped with control delay compensation feature are examined to improve the STATCOM performance. The STATCOM operation is studied by means of Simulink/Simplorer simulations in steady-state load conditions, during step load changes and in electric arc furnace compensation. The results show that the STATCOM performance can be extended to harmonics mitigation under steady-state load conditions. Under non-periodic load conditions the accuracy of harmonic detection and delay compensation decreases and reduces the STATCOM performance.
Success indicators in various fashion business models
Milka Mustonen,Rudrajeet Pal,Heikki Mattila,Yasir Mashkoor 한국마케팅과학회 2013 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.4 No.2
The objective of this study was to analyze the business models of various fashioncompanies, based on their 2009 financial indicators, to understand how differentoperation models correlate with success and whether selected performance indicatorsmonitor operational success. Based on their business models, the companies wereclassified as follows: brand retailers, brand marketers, luxury brands, and multi-brandretailers. Brand retailers with a high net profit margin and a rapid turnover of inventorywere significantly more profitable than traditional multi-brand retailers. Luxury brandcompanies were another successful group. Though their stockturn was low, their netprofit was high because of their unique design and high brand value. Brand marketerscould adapt well to rapid changes, because their business was primarily based onintangible assets. Furthermore, multi-brand retailers showed the lowest financial ratiosbecause of their slow stockturn and low net profit margin.
Muniba Rauf,Xiaolin Li,Heikki Karjaluoto 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
Customer engagement has been a focus of a significant amount of research. Most of the prior research on customer engagement typically focused on engagement and loyalty in loyalty program context, while the impact of rewarded customer engagement on program members has largely been missed out. Additionally, no prior study yet has focused on the conceptualization of rewarded customer engagement, while exploring and comparing its significance on various digital platforms, such as loyalty programs and Metaverse. Thus, this study aims to conceptualize rewarded customer engagement while investigating its impact on loyalty program members, and whether it induces and/or encourages their engagement in brand’s Metaverse platform(s).
Multiloop Control Strategy for Four-Wire Current Source Active Power Filter
Sami Pettersson,Mika Salo,Heikki Tuusa 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
Despite the fact that three-wire active power filters have been implemented using both voltage source and current source technology, the research of four-wire current source active power filters has been truly minimal. Only a few topologies have been presented over the years. This paper proposes a four-wire current source active power filter topology for improving the quality of supply in four-wire systems. The proposed topology is controlled using a multiloop control strategy suitable for a single-chip microcontroller implementation. The control strategy combines the load current feedforward connection and the cascaded closed-loop control of the supply currents and the capacitor voltages of the LC-type supply filter. By using the cascaded closed-loop control, the stability of the system can be achieved without the need to overdimension the supply filter. The performance of the proposed system is verified experimentally using a microcontroller controlled four-wire current source active power filter prototype rated for a 5 ㎸A load.
( Mikko Uimonen ),( Ville Ponkilainen ),( Ville M. Mattila ),( Heikki Nurmi ),( Juha Paloneva ),( Jussi P. Repo ) 대한슬관절학회 2023 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.35 No.-
Background We characterized the relation of primary treatment approaches to the need of later surgical interventions and the outcomes of patellar dislocation in patients with patellofemoral osteochondral fracture (OCF). Methods Overall, 134 patients with OCF were categorized in two groups according to treatment approach: primary surgery (operation within 90 days from injury) and conservative treatment. Data on surgical procedures, OCF characteristics, and patellofemoral anatomy were retrospectively collected. To measure subjective outcomes, 54 patients completed the knee-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) Kujala score, Tegner activity scale, the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) quality of life (QoL) subscale, and visual analog scale pain items. Results The mean follow-up time was 4.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 2.7 years]. The primary treatment approach was surgery in 73 patients (54%) and conservative in 61 patients (46%) of whim 18 (30%) needed late surgery. Of primary surgery patients, the OCF was reimplanted in 45 patients (62%) and removed in the rest. Of all patients, 31 needed surgery in the later phase after the primary treatment approach (either reoperation or surgery after insufficient outcome of conservative treatment). In conservatively treated patients, OCF was smaller and patellofemoral joint malformation was more severe than in surgery group. Among patients who completed the PROMs, the outcomes appeared generally acceptable in both groups. Conclusions Although a majority of the primary treatment approaches for OCF after patellar dislocation were definitive, one-fourth of patients required surgery in the later phase. PROMs did not indicate major differences between the study groups.