성격형성을 위한 학교의 역활

Kilpatrick, William Heard 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육학과 1960 교육 연구 Vol.- No.16

교육철학적 관점에서 하나의 교육 방법을 모색 하고저 한다. 심리학의 기본적 원리가 우선 문제되는 것이며 이 원리에 입각해서 본 문제를 해결해야 할 것이다. 성격이란 자연적으로 이루어 지는 것도 아니며 그렇다고 해서 강제적으로 이루어 지는 것도 아니다. 모든 사람은 자기 마음 깊은 곳으로부터 개성을 확립한다. 그러나 타인이 도와주고 지도 하므로서 보다 나은 결과를 기대할 수 있는 것이다.

Significance of Facet Fluid Index in Anterior Cervical Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Lee Yunsoo,Heard Jeremy C.,Lambrechts Mark J.,Kern Nathaniel,Wiafe Bright,Goodman Perry,Mangan John J.,Canseco Jose A.,Kurd Mark F.,Kaye Ian D.,Hilibrand Alan S.,Vaccaro Alexander R.,Kepler Christophe 대한척추외과학회 2024 Asian Spine Journal Vol.18 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To correlate cervical facet fluid characteristics to radiographic spondylolisthesis, determine if facet fluid is associated with instability in cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis, and examine whether vertebral levels with certain facet fluid characteristics and spondylolisthesis are more likely to be operated on.Overview of Literature: The relationship between facet fluid and lumbar spondylolisthesis is well-documented; however, there is a paucity of literature investigating facet fluid in degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis.Methods: Patients diagnosed with cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis were identified from a hospital’s medical records. Demographic and surgical characteristics were collected through a structured query language search and manual chart review. Radiographic measurements were made on preoperative MRIs for all vertebral levels diagnosed with spondylolisthesis and adjacent undiagnosed levels between C3 and C6. The facet fluid index was calculated by dividing the facet fluid measurement by the width of the facet. Bivariate analysis was conducted to compare facet characteristics based on radiographic spondylolisthesis and spondylolisthesis stability.Results: We included 154 patients, for whom 149 levels were classified as having spondylolisthesis and 206 levels did not. The average facet fluid index was significantly higher in patients with spondylolisthesis (0.26±0.07 vs. 0.23±0.08, p <0.001). In addition, both fluid width and facet width were significantly larger in patients with spondylolisthesis (p <0.001 each). Cervical levels in the fusion construct demonstrated a greater facet fluid index and were more likely to have unstable spondylolisthesis than stable spondylolisthesis (p <0.001 each).Conclusions: Facet fluid index is associated with cervical spondylolisthesis and an increased facet size and fluid width are associated with unstable spondylolisthesis. While cervical spondylolisthesis continues to be an inconclusive finding, vertebral levels with spondylolisthesis, especially the unstable ones, were more likely to be included in the fusion procedure than those without spondylolisthesis.

A Comparison of Radiographic Alignment between Bilateral and Unilateral Interbody Cages in Patients Undergoing Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Lambrechts Mark James,Heard Jeremy,D’Antonio Nicholas,Bodnar John,Schneider Gregory,Bloom Evan,Canseco Jose,Woods Barrett,Kaye Ian David,Kurd Mark Faisal,Rihn Jeffrey,Hilibrand Alan,Schroeder Gregory 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To compare radiographic outcomes between unilateral and bilateral cage placement in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIF) and to determine if the rate of fusion at the 1-year postoperative point was different in patients who received bilateral versus unilateral cages.Overview of Literature: There is no clear evidence to dictate whether bilateral or unilateral cages promote superior radiographic or surgical outcomes in TLIF.Methods: Patients >18 years old who underwent primary one- or two-level TLIFs at our institution were identified and propensitymatched in a 3:1 fashion (unilateral:bilateral). Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and radiographic outcomes, including vertebral endplate obliquity, segmental lordosis, subsidence, and fusion status, were compared between groups.Results: Of the 184 patients included, 46 received bilateral cages. Bilateral cage placement was associated with greater subsidence (1.06±1.25 mm vs. 0.59±1.16 mm, <i>p</i>=0.028) and enhanced restoration of segmental lordosis (5.74°±14.1° vs. −1.57°±10.9°, <i>p</i>=0.002) at the 1-year postoperative point, while unilateral cage placement was associated with an increased correction of endplate obliquity (−2.02°±4.42° vs. 0.24°±2.81°, <i>p</i><0.001). Bilateral cage placement was significantly associated with radiographic fusion on bivariate analysis (89.1% vs. 70.3%, <i>p</i>=0.018) and significantly predicted radiographic fusion on multivariable regression analysis (estimate, 1.35; odds ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–12.05; <i>p</i>=0.010).Conclusions: Bilateral interbody cage placement in TLIF procedures was associated with restoration of lumbar lordosis and increased fusion rates. However, endplate obliquity correction was significantly greater for patients who received a unilateral cage.

THE BUILDUP OF THE SOVIET PACIFIC FLEET : AN INDICATION OF FOREIGN POLICY IN NORTHEAST ASIA

Ha, Joseph M,Heard, Laura 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 1983 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.7 No.2

Zinc-Finger-Protein-Based Microfluidic Electrophoretic Mobility Reversal Assay for Quantitative Double-Stranded DNA Analysis

Nebiyu Getachew Arega,Whitney N. Heard,Nguyen Anh Nhung Tran,Sukyo Jung,Jianyun Meng,정민섭,김문수,김도현 한국바이오칩학회 2021 BioChip Journal Vol.15 No.4

We report for the first time a microfluidic electrophoretic mobility reversal assay (MEMRA) for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) detection using zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) and a polyacrylamide-gel (PAG) sieving matrix. Microfluidic DNA analysis was actively studied because of its importance in biology and medicine. Most microfluidic DNA detection techniques rely on time-consuming denaturation and hybridization processes. To address this limitation, ZFP was employed as a novel affinity probe, which directly binds to a specific sequence of dsDNA without denaturation and renaturation. A mildly alkaline electrophoresis buffer (pH 8.6) was used for our MEMRA, instead of a strongly alkaline buffer (pH 10.75) for separating the ZFP–dsDNA complex from interfering species. At pH 8.6, the mobility of ZFP was reversed upon binding with dsDNA (complex p I = ~ 5.33), and unbound ZFP (p I = ~ 9.3) was excluded from loading. Therefore, the ZFP–dsDNA complex was detected without zone interferences. Furthermore, nonspecific interactions and band dispersion, observed in strongly alkaline buffer, were effectively mitigated in the MEMRA. The ZFP–dsDNA complex was fully separated (separation resolution ≥ 2.0) and detected rapidly (12–15 s at a separation distance of 160–240 μm) using on-chip photopatterned 3–16%T discontinuous PAG. The MEMRA performance was excellent, providing a detection limit of 50 pM and a detection range of 100 pM–500 nM for seb ( Staphylococcus enterotoxin B) gene dsDNA oligonucleotides. We expect that our ZFP-based MEMRA will find broad utility in biology and medicine where the rapid, specific, and quantitative detection of dsDNA is of paramount importance.

Comparison of clinical outcomes following osteochondral allograft transplantation for osteochondral versus chondral defects in the knee

( John Reza Matthews ),( Joseph Brutico ),( Jeremy Heard ),( Kashyap Chauhan ),( Bradford Tucker ),( Kevin Blake Freedman ) 대한슬관절학회 2022 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.34 No.-

Purpose: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a restorative technique for addressing articular cartilage defects by transferring mature viable chondrocytes with subchondral bone into size-matched lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in clinical and functional outcomes in patients treated with OCA for osteochondral defects compared with isolated chondral pathology. Methods: A retrospective review identified patients who underwent OCA transplantation and grouped them into osteochondral or isolated chondral pathology. Demographic data, surgical history, lesion characteristics, complications, and rate of subsequent surgery were reviewed. The review included 86 patients (24 osteochondral, 62 chondral) with a mean follow-up of 5.4 ± 1.4 years. Outcome measures included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR.), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical scores. Failure was defined to include revision OCA, graft removal, conversion to ACI, or conversion to arthroplasty. Results: The average age at surgery was 32.3 and 37.3 years for the osteochondral and chondral groups, respectively (P = 0.056). The medial femoral condyle was the most common defect location in both groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients with osteochondral pathology had significantly greater KOOS JR., IKDC, and SF-12 scores (P < 0.05), and fewer failures were reported in the osteochondral group (8.3% versus 32.3%, P = 0.045). When controlling for age, sex, laterality, BMI, and presence of a concomitant procedure, patients with osteochondral pathology were found to have better KOOS and IKDC scores, but there was no difference in SF12 scores or rates of failure between groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that patients undergoing OCA for osteochondral defects may have greater functional outcomes and similar failure rates compared with OCA transplantation for isolated chondral pathology.

Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Trigona carbonaria Honey from Australia

Livia Persano Oddo,Tim A. Heard,Antonio Rodríguez-Malaver,Rosa Ana Pérez,Miguel Fernández-Muiño,María Teresa Sancho,Giulio Sesta,Lorenzo Lusco,Patricia Vit 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4

Stingless bees (Tribe Meliponini) are a diverse group of highly eusocial bees distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Trigona carbonaria honey, from Australia, was characterized by traditional physicochemical parameters (acidity, sugars, diastase, electrical conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural, invertase, nitrogen, and water content) and other compositional factors (flavonoids, polyphenols, organic acids, and water activity), as well as total antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging activity. For the Australian T. carbonaria, the traditional analytical parameters were similar to those previously reported for neotropical stingless bee honey and confirm that honeys produced by Meliponini bees possess several physicochemical properties that are distinctly different from Apis mellifera honey, with higher values of moisture (26.5 ± 0.8 g of water/100 g of honey), water activity (0.74 ± 0.01), electrical conductivity (1.64 ± 0.12 mS/cm), and free acidity (124.2 ± 22.9 mEq/kg of honey) and a very low diastase activity (0.4 ± 0.5 diastase number) and invertase activity (5.7 ± 1.5 invertase number). The sugar spectrum was quite different from that of A. mellifera honey, with 20.3 ± 2.9 g of maltose/100 g of honey. The values of pH (4.0 ± 0.1), lactonic acidity (4.7 ± 0.8 mEq/kg of honey), sucrose (1.8 ± 0.4 g/100 g of honey), and fructose/glucose ratio (1.42 ± 0.13) fell in the same ranges as those of A. mellifera honey. Citric (0.23 ± 0.09) and malic (0.12 ± 0.03) acid concentrations (in g/kg of honey) of T. carbonaria honeys were in the range described for A. mellifera honey. D-Gluconic was more concentrated (9.9 ± 1.3 g/kg of honey), in the range of Italian Castanea, Thymus, Arbutus, and honeydew honeys. Flavonoid content was 10.02 ± 1.59 mg of quercetin equivalents/100 g of honey, and polyphenol contents were 55.74 ± 6.11 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g of honey. The antioxidant activity, expressed as percentage of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation (ABTS.+) decolorization, was 233.96 ± 50.95 μM Trolox equivalents, and free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) depletion was 48.03 ± 12.58 equivalents of ascorbic acid. All reported values are averages ± standard deviation. The antioxidant activity can represent an important added value for T. carbonaria honey, to initiate a medicinal approach for both nutritional and pharmaceutical applications, besides further physicochemical characterization.

가출청소년의 아르바이트 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구

육혜련 ( Hear Yeon Yuk ) 한국청소년복지학회 2014 청소년복지연구 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 가출청소년의 아르바이트 경험에 대한 본질과 의미를 그들의 생활경험을 바탕으로 한 생생한 이야기를 통해 이해하고자 한 것으로 van Manen의 현상학적 연구방법 중 시간체험에 근거하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구 참여자는 중·고등학교 시기에 가출을 하여 청소년 쉼터 입소 경험이 있으며, 현재는 퇴소하였거나 퇴소를 6개월 앞둔 18세 이상 22세 이하 청소년 중 아르바이트 경험이 있는 9명의 가출청소년이었다. 연구 참여자의 동의로 시작된 심층면접은 2012년 8월부터 9월까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 그 결과 가출청소년의 아르바이트 경험에 대한 시간체험은 ‘낯선 곳에서의 적응’, ‘고군분투’, ‘저 높은 곳을 향하여’의 주제로 정리할 수 있다. 이상의 결과를 통해 살펴보면 가출청소년들이 경험하는 아르바이트 과정은 험난한 날들의 연속이었지만 그렇다고 해서 가출청소년들에게 생존을 위한 도구로만 작용하는 것은 아님을 알 수 있다. 처음에는 가출 후 당장 먹고 살기위한 경제적 욕구의 해결책으로 아르바이트를 시작하기도 하고, 반복되는 가출생활 속에서 ‘이렇게 살면 안된다’는 새로운 다짐의 돌파구로 아르바이트를 선택하기도 한다. 그러나 호락호락 하지 않는 사회 속에서 그들은 맨땅에 헤딩하듯 이리저리 다양한 경험을 시도해보기도 하고, 그러다가 넘을 수 없는 벽에 부딪혀 심한 좌절을 하기도 한다. 좌충우돌 자신만의 경험을 통해 성장해 나가는 가출청소년들은 노동의 경험 속에서 일반 청소년들보다 좀 더 빨리 자신의 미래를 계획하고 준비해나가는 어른스러움을 보여주기도 한다. 가출청소년들의 아르바이트 경험에 대한 이해는 가출청소년들의 생존전략에 대한 새로운 인식의 전환이며, 청소년시기의 중요하지 않게 취급될 수 있는 청소년 노동의 권리 보장에 대한 강조이다. 더 나아가서는 청소년복지정책과 실천을 위한 개별적이고 통합적인 지원의 중요성을 강조한다고 하겠다. The purpose of this study is to understand the essence and meaning of part-time job experiences through the real life stories based on the living experiences of the runaway youths. This study is based on time-experience of the phenomenological research method developed by the van Manen. In this study, 9 runaway youths who left the home during the middle or high school days and already left or will leave the youth shelters after 6 months later were investigated. Their ages were from 18 to 22 and they had part-time job experiences. Three times of depth interviews were performed from August to September of 2012 with the agreements of the participants of this study. Time-experiences, i.e. part-time job experiences of runaway youths, can be arranged as the following subjects. the ‘adaptation to unknown place’, ‘the unsupported fight’, and ‘the higher intention to achieve’. Although the runaway youths experience the continuous difficulties during the part-time job experiences, the part-time job experiences are not the survival methods. At the beginning, part-time job are started to solve the economical issues. Then, after repeated runaway youth lifes, they choose the part-time job have a breakthrough for their new lifes with commiting their own pledges. However, they come across various experiences such as heading to bare ground and trying to overcome un breakable barriers, and then highly frustrated in the tough real society. Runaway youths who grow up with struggling in the harsh environment are planning and preparing for the future with labor experiences, which is earlier than general youths. Understanding the part-time job experiences of the runaway youths affords the new perception to survival strategy of the runaway youths and emphasizes the security of labor right for the youths which can be easily ignored. Moreover, individual and integrated supports should be stressed in order to practice the welfare policies of runaway youths.

HOUSING MOBILITY PROPENSITY AMONG THE KOREAN ELDERLY

Lee, Yeun-Sook,Lee, Sook-Young,Byun, Hear-Yung,Park, Jun-Ga The Korean Housing Association 1999 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.3

The purpose of this study was to find the degree of satisfaction of the Korean elderly with their existing residential environment and their propensity to move. The data were collected through interviews and structured questionnaires. The subjects were 1,200 nationwide elderly over the age of 60 selected by probability sampling proportionate to size. cluster and random sampling method. The data were analyzed with frequency. percentage. and $X^2$-test using the SAS package. The major findings were as follows: Most subjects were satisfied with their housing environment and had no intention of moving. The subjects were highly satisfied with their residential environment. did not tend to move. This result does not necessarily mean that there is no need for better housing and no need to design elderly housing in Korea. It implies the need for community integrated housing development with flexible service system.