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An Integrative Approach to Precision Cancer Medicine Using Patient-Derived Xenografts
Hansoo Park,조성엽,Wonyoung Kang,Jee Yun Han,Seoyeon Mi,Jinjoo Kang,Ahra Lee,Jee Young Kwon,Charles Lee 한국분자세포생물학회 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.2
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease caused by diverse genomic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Despite recent advances in high-throughput se-quencing technologies and development of targeted therapies, novel cancer drug development is limited due to the high attrition rate from clinical studies. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX), which are established by the transfer of patient tumors into immunodeficient mice, serve as a platform for co-clinical trials by enabling the integration of clinical data, genomic profiles, and drug responsiveness data to determine precisely targeted therapies. PDX models retain many of the key characteristics of patients’ tumors including histology, genomic signature, cellular heterogeneity, and drug responsiveness. These models can also be applied to the development of biomarkers for drug responsiveness and personalized drug selection. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this field, including methodologic aspects, applications in drug development, challenges and limitations, and utilization for precision cancer medicine.
Hansoo Lee Presbyterian General Assembly Theological Seminary 2016 CHONGSHIN THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol.21 No.-
The purpose of this article is to clarify the literary function of the symbolic images employed in Revelation and to present our proper interpretative alternative to them. By ‘hermeneutical alternative’ I mean that historical - grammatical interpretation could be improper for the interpretation of symbolic terms in Revelation, and thus it is necessary to implement such traditional method. Symbolic images in Revelation possess their distinctive value. A text within apocalyptic literature, however, is left open to multiple ways of interpretation, and this could cause scholars to offer divergent interpretations that are even inconsistent with each other. Of course, there can be no best way to correctly interpret apocalyptic symbols without any errors. Nevertheless, interpretative efforts to reduce the possibility of wrong and distorted interpretation are acutely necessary. The present writer will try to search for an interpretative alternative that may help us listen to the unique voice of Revelation saturated with symbolic images, recognizing the limitations of historical - grammatical interpretation. The Book of Revelation is a highly abstruse, apocalyptic writing that can cause even professional scholars to often get bogged down in conflicting interpretations of the same text. Then, this makes it necessary for us to carefully follow some established rules of interpretation to reduce the possibilities of falling into wrong interpretations. First of all, we must pay proper attention to the literary genre of Revelation as an apocalyptic literature whose material consists mainly of highly symbolic images. Since the majority of the material in it is figurative, it is crucial to distinguish four levels of communication in order to avoid collapsing the visionary and the symbolic level into the referential, historical level. Most of the interpretative confusions originate from the failure to distinguish these levels by blending them. It is also important to carefully consider certain established norms for one’s interpretation of Revelation: that is, the context in which a symbol occurs, the manner in which it is used in the narrative flow of the book, the relation of it to the other symbols of the book, the author’s literary habit of paralleling or contrasting images, and the socio - cultural background of the Old Testament, the Jewish literature, and the Mediterranean society in which a particular symbol was brought to being. If one intends to reduce interpretative confusions and mistakes as far as possible, probably these are some useful hermeneutical criteria to be applied to one’s interpretation of apocalyptic symbols (*).
Ginsenoside Rb1 is Transformed into Rd and Rh2 by Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum
( Hansoo Kim ),( Jeong Hoon Kim ),( Phil Young Lee ),( Kwang Hee Bae ),( Sayeon Cho ),( Byoung Chul Park ),( Heung Sop Shin ),( Sung Goo Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.12
Ginsenosides are the most important ingredient of ginseng and are known to possess many pharmacological and biological effects. Rb1, a major protopanaxadiol ginsenoside, is the most abundant ginsenoside in Panax ginseng C.A Meyer and can be hydrolyzed into more pharmaceutically potent minor ginsenosides. To identify a microorganism that is capable of converting Rb1 into other ginsenosides, we screened 12 Microbacterium spp., and M. trichothecenolyticum was identified as a likely candidate. M. trichothecenolyticum converted Rb1 into Rd and then into Rh2 based on TLC and HPLC analyses of reaction products. This biotransformation method can be easily applied for mass production of Rd and Rh2 by using Rb1.
Design and Fabrication of a Si PIN-type Radiation Detector for Alpha Spectroscopy
HanSoo Kim,SeHwan Park,JangHo Ha,조승연,KunSik Park 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2
Silicon PIN-type radiation detectors, which have 4.5 kΩ·cm and 7 kΩ·cm resistivities, were designed and fabricated for alpha spectroscopy. The main design considerations of the Si PIN-type radiation detector were a high biasing voltage, a low leakage current, and a low alpha energy loss caused by the incident window of the p+ layer. Two guard electrodes and an edge protection structure were incorporated to minimize the leakage current and to apply a high bias voltage for full depletion. A shallow p+ layer and non-metal deposition on the p+ layer were also incorporated to minimize alpha energy loss. The doping profile of the p+ layer and the alpha energy loss due to p+ layer were approximately calculated by using a Silvaco device simulation tool kit and the SRIM code, respectively. About 7-nA reverse leakage current at a 200-V reverse bias voltage and an energy resolution a 1.1% for 5.5 MeV alpha particles were achieved with the fabricated Si PIN-type radiation detectors, which had two different resistivities. Several important aspects to consider in the fabrication of a Si PIN-type radiation detector are also addressed. Silicon PIN-type radiation detectors, which have 4.5 kΩ·cm and 7 kΩ·cm resistivities, were designed and fabricated for alpha spectroscopy. The main design considerations of the Si PIN-type radiation detector were a high biasing voltage, a low leakage current, and a low alpha energy loss caused by the incident window of the p+ layer. Two guard electrodes and an edge protection structure were incorporated to minimize the leakage current and to apply a high bias voltage for full depletion. A shallow p+ layer and non-metal deposition on the p+ layer were also incorporated to minimize alpha energy loss. The doping profile of the p+ layer and the alpha energy loss due to p+ layer were approximately calculated by using a Silvaco device simulation tool kit and the SRIM code, respectively. About 7-nA reverse leakage current at a 200-V reverse bias voltage and an energy resolution a 1.1% for 5.5 MeV alpha particles were achieved with the fabricated Si PIN-type radiation detectors, which had two different resistivities. Several important aspects to consider in the fabrication of a Si PIN-type radiation detector are also addressed.
Yubu Island, the Important Waterbird Habitat on the West Coast of Korea and Its Conservation
Hansoo Lee,이시완,백운기,Jeong-Yeon Yi,Hwa-Chung Kim 한국해양과학기술원 2002 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.24 No.1
Yubu Island is located within the estuary of the Geum River, South Chungcheong Province (35o59'N, 126o36'E), Korea. The island is surrounded by a broad and sandy mudflat, which is typical in the west coast of Korea, and is located 4 km off from Gunsan City. Less than 100 humans live on the island, occupying 30 houses. After we discovered that this island was a very important waterbird habitat especially for the East Asian subspecies of the Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus osculans. Waterbirds were monitored once every month from August 1999 to July 2000. The highest number of oystercatchers counted was 3,200 in December 1999, and the birds seemed to remain in the area continuously from September to next February. About 200 breeding and non-breeding birds remained during the breeding season. In August, early migrants returned to the island, with the number reaching 1,060 individuals. This island is also very important for other waterbirds. Endangered or significant species occurring at this site, and their maximum counts were: chinese egret Egretta eulophotes (5), black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor (17), brant Branta bernicla (1), common shelduck Tadorna tadorna (8,000), hooded crane Grus monacha (2), spoon-billed sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus (7), dunlin Calidris alpina (6,500), great knot Calidris tenuirostris (24,000), far eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis (2,500), spotted greenshank Tringa guttifer (4) and Saunders's gull Larus saundersi (1,200). During the 12 month survey period, we observed 52 waterbird species and the total of the maximum counts for the separate species was 73,308, implying that perhaps 150,000 birds could be using the immediate area, if a turnover rate of 2 was assumed.