《三國演義》 張飛 形象 考察

위행복 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1997 人文科學 Vol.78 No.-

장비 성격의 주요 특징은 ‘망’ 또는 ‘맹’으로 규정할 수 있는데 <삼국지평화>의 ‘망장비’의 모습이 <삼국연의>에 이르러는 ‘맹장비’의 모습으로 다듬어져 있다는 차이를 보이고 있다. 그 성격이 부정적으로 드러날 때 장비는 거칠고 성급하고 난폭하거나 심사숙고함이 부족하여 일을 그르치기 십상인 모습으로 보인다. 그러나 그의 성격이 긍정적으로 발휘될 때의 장비는 두려움을 모르는 용맹을 가지고 있으며, 시비가 분명하여 반드시 정의를 관철해내고, 애증의 표현이 분명한 순박함과 정직성을 가지고 있는 인물이다. 더욱이 거친 가운데 세심한 일면도 있고, 자신이 긍정하는 사람에 대해서는 깍듯한 의리와 예의를 갖출 줄도 안다. 장비의 형상은 다듬어지고 교양화된 유장의 모습보다는 용맹이 앞서는 <수호전>의 강호영웅들에 가까운 모습인 것이다. <삼국연의>의 중심인물들인 유비, 관우, 제갈량 등은 고도의 도덕적 품성을 발휘하는 이상적 인물로 묘사되어 있고, 작가의 정치적, 도덕적 이상이 투영됨으로 해서 존경과 숭배의 대상이 되어 왔다. 그러나 장비는 작품 속에서의 비중이 이들보다 낮고, 그만큼 절대화의 가공이 적게 가해졌기 때문에, 숭배보다는 친숙함과 애정이 가는 인물로 느껴진다. 이는 화본이나 삼국희에서의 장비 형상이 일정 부분 유지되고 있기 때문이다. 장비는 작품 속에서의 묘사가 많지 않기 때문에 단순해 보이기도 하지만, 절대화 가공의 정도가 낮은 만큼의 생동감과 사실성을 더 가지고 있는 형상으로 그려졌다고 할 수 있다.

敎師의 職務滿足度 分析에 관한 硏究

이항재,이경복 順天鄕大學校 人文科學硏究所 1998 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.6 No.-

충청지방에서 발생한 한국형출혈열 54예의 임상적 고찰

이종대,조항복,박붕연,심우익,신영태,김선영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.2

In Dae Jeon Eul-Ji General Hospital, activated since 1581, 54 patients with Korean Hemorrhagic Fever Who were all positive for Korea antigen were observed from January, 1981 to December, 1984. Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, complications and clinical course in Korean Hemorrhagic Fever were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The most prevalent area was OK-Chun Kun. 2. The peak incidence of age was fifth decade and male to female ratio was 2:1. 3. The peak incidence was November to December. 4. The most frequent symptomes were epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting and followed by hemsturia. 5. Conservative treatment was done and hemodialysis was performed in 19 patients without death.

보릿짚의 수분함량 및 수확시기가 소각시 대기오염물질 발생에 미치는 영향

고지연,강항원,이재생,김춘송,박성태,김복진 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2

영남지방 벼-보리 이모작답에서 가장 널리 시행되고 있는 보릿짚 처리방법인 소각이 대기환경에 미치는 영향을 소각시 발생하는 온난화가스, 대기오염가스 및 분진발생량을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 보릿짚 소각시 온난화가스 발생량은 CO₂376.8, CH₄ 1.56, N₂O 0.05 kg/10a 로서 CO₂의 발생량이 가장 많았으며, 대기 오염가스 중에는 유기물의 불완전 연소시 배출되는 CO발생량이 28.8 kg/10a로서 가장 많았다. 그 외 SO₂ H₂S, NH₃, NO등의 질소 및 황 함유 유해가스도 소량 발생되었고 발생된 PM 10 분진의 대부분은 인체에 미치는 영향이 PM 10보다 큰 PM 2.5로 이루어져 있었다. 또한 수확시기가 빠르거나 수분함량이 높은 보릿짚일수록 온난화가스 및 대기오염 가스의 발생량이 증가하고 소각 연기내 PM 10 분진중 PM 2.5의 미세분진 비중이 높았다. 수확적기로 알려진 출수 40일 이후의 보릿짚은 출수 후 40일된 보릿짚 소각시 발생하는 대기오염가스 발생량과 큰 차이가 없었다. This study was carried out to determine impacts of burning of barley straw produced from rice-barley double cropping paddy field on air quality by investigating emissions of greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O), air pollution gases (CO, SO₂, H₂S, NH₃ and NO) and particulate matters (PM 10 and PM 2.5). When the barley straw at a rate of 4.5 t/ha was burned at open status, the emitted GHGs amounts were CO₂ 376.8 kg/10a, CH₄ 1.56 and N₂O 0.06. The amount of CO emission was the largest among air pollution gases. These results showed that the range of 45~55% of total C in barley straw was emitted as CO₂-C, followed by CO-C (6.4~5.9%) and CH₄-C (0.5~0.7%). As far as moisture content in barley straw is concerned, the higher moisture content that the barley straw contains, the larger amount of air pollution gases and the higher portion of PM 2.5 in PM 10 were emitted when it burned. In case of harvesting time of barley straw, emission amounts of greenhouse, air pollution gases and PM 2.5 portion in PM 10 had tendency to increase when earlier harvested barley straw was burned.

Ehrlich 암세포에 대한 Acriflavine-Guanosine 복합제 (AG60)의 항암효과 -광학현미경적, 자기방사법적 및 전자현미경적 연구-

안의태,고정식,김형진,김상건,이경영,강종구,유보림,정영신,홍은경,한영복 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.2

大氣公害가 養蠶에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究 : 人工 飼料中의 카드미움 濃度와 家蠶形質과의 關係 Relation between Silkworm larval characters and the levels of cadmium density in diets

李鍾哲,崔震浹,裵啓宣,孫興大,鄭元福 東亞大學校 大學院 1980 大學院論文集 Vol.4 No.2

Performed to study on effect of economic characters and quantity of Cd in silkworm body by feeding artificial diet which aded Cd per density to all age silkworms. The results were as follows: 1. Each treated parts was a little longer than control on silkworm larval duration. 2. Growing condition of 40 ppm on the 7th day after commencement incubation was uneven and found out around 80% of 1st instar-silkworm larvae which almost didn't grow at ones of 80 ppm. 3. Maximum weight of the 5th instar, pupation ratio, weight of cocoon, weight of cocoon layer and cocoon layer ratio of parts of 1,10, and 20 ppm was a lettle higher than control, but only ones of 40 ppm was lower than those. And found out it ws chronic toxicity. 4. Each treated parts on eclosion period was longer than control. Expecially non-eclosion ratio of 40 ppm was 30%. 5. The safe level density of Cd in diet was 20 ppm. 6. Toxicity will be occurred when Cd contents in is more than 5 PPM in silkworm body.

생체분해성 안과제형의 안구내흡수정도와 안독성

민병무,김용백,박근성,송규상,양준묵,이성복,조항진,길숙종,김승영,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

An improved retinal tack can be used to fix the retina in complicated retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We used the retinal tack made by biodegradable polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid and copolymers. The tacks with polyglycolic acid were placed in the retina the right eyes of 10 rabbits as group 1, with polylactic-polyglycolic acid copolymers as group 2 in each left eyes. We examined the absorption rates and degree of intraocular inflammation at 1 day, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks and compared both eyes. The tacks were absorbed with time in both eyes, but more rapid in copolymers. And there was no inflammation in both eyes. Now, this study will be a base on the drug delivery system in intraocular pharmacological and surgical management.

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

The Method for Evaluating Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of the Bentonite-buffer Using Relative Humidity

Hang-Bok Lee,Jin-Seop Kim,Young-Chul Choi,Heui-Joo Choi,Kyungsu Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2014 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.12 No.1

상대습도 데이터를 이용하여 벤토나이트 완충재 블록의 불포화 수리전도도 변화를 평가하였다. 불포화 매질에서의 물의 흐름을 나타내는 일반적인 분석해를 통해 상대습도를 통한 불포화 수리전도도 계산방안을 도출하였고, 이를 실제 수행한 실내 물 유입 실험 결과에 적용하여 포화가 진행됨에 따라 변화하는 완충재 불포화 수리전도도 양상을 확인하였다. 일반적인 포화 상태와는 확연히 다르게 수두 구배와 물의 유출량이 시간에 따라 불규칙하게 변화하는 결과를 나타냈으며, 벤토나이트 완충재의 불포화 수리전도도는 시간에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수분 흡수로 인한 벤토나이트 입자 팽창 때문으로 인한 매질 내 공극의 부피 및 크기 확대가 불포화 수리전도도값의 증가를 야기하는 것으로 판단되었고, 이러한 결과는 완충재 블록의 팽창 정도와 수리전도도의 상관성에 관한 추후 연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 수행된 불포화 수리전도도 평가 방안은 방사성폐기물 처분 시 완충재의 장기적인 수리학적 성능평가에 유용한 기술로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.