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Rule or Standard: The De-Identification of Personal Information in Korea
( Haksoo Ko ),( Sun Goo Lee ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2017 Journal of Korean Law Vol.17 No.1
Korea is a data-rich country with huge potential in this era of the data-driven economy. Nonetheless, it is unclear if the country is actively utilizing its potential. A central reason for this hesitancy appears to be related to Korea’s strict privacy law regime. In an effort to encourage utilization of data, the Korean government issued multi-agency de-identification guidelines in 2016. The guidelines rely heavily on the statistical concept of “k-anonymity.” In the context of academic discourse distinguishing between rules and standards, the adoption of k-anonymity can be identified with the adoption of a rule. By analogy, employing the concept of k-anonymity is akin to imposing the same speed limit in all cases, regardless of road conditions such as the traffic situation, time, and number of lanes. On the other hand, a standard would demand that drivers drive at a reasonable speed. As such, while a rule is simpler and easier to follow, a standard could be adapted to suit diverse circumstances. This article suggests that Korea needs to adopt a risk-based approach for de-identifying personal information and argues that a risk-based approach would be predicated upon providing a suitable standard, not a rule.
Cultural Values and the Korean Negotiator
( Haksoo Ko ),( Joanne Koo ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2010 Journal of Korean Law Vol.9 No.2
Culture has an inarguable role in shaping negotiation. Negotiators’ interests, priorities, and strategies are affected by their culture. Each culture shares some similar elements with other cultures while also having its own unique traits. These characteristics can manifest themselves in negotiation behaviors in interesting ways. Korean culture seems to share similar values with cultures of its neighbors, most notably of China and Japan, but it also has differences that emerge with some unique negotiation strategies. This article summarizes and reports modern theories and research results and tries to evaluate how Korean culture affects some of the negotiation styles commonly observed among Korean negotiators.
Limited Feedback for Multicell Zero-Forcing Coordinated Beamforming in Time-Varying Channels
Haksoo Kim,Heejung Yu,Lee, Yong H. IEEE 2015 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY Vol.64 No.6
<P>We consider limited feedback for zero-forcing-based coordinated beamforming over time-varying channels. Most previous work on limited feedback focuses on the feedback rate of the channel state information (CSI), while assuming that feedback occurs for every channel use. This feedback update policy, however, may not be optimal for time-varying channels. To take channel variations into account, we propose a scheme that adjusts both the feedback rate and the feedback update period, depending on channel statistics. We derive an upper bound of the expected rate loss caused by the limited feedback. Based on this bound, we formulate an optimization problem minimizing the residual interference power and derive closed-form solutions for the feedback rate and the feedback update period while fixing one of the parameters and optimizing the other. Using the closed-form expressions, we propose an algorithm that iteratively updates the parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed limited feedback scheme can outperform the conventional scheme, which feeds back the CSI at every channel use.</P>
An Efficient Algorithm for Zero-Forcing Coordinated Beamforming
Haksoo Kim,Heejung Yu,Youngchul Sung,Lee, Y. H. IEEE 2012 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS Vol.16 No.7
<P>The problem of beam tracking for zero-forcing coordinated beamforming in multiple-cell time-varying multiple-input multiple-output channels is considered. Based on null-space perturbation theory, an efficient update algorithm for block-diagonalization-based zero-forcing coordinated beam design is proposed and its performance is analyzed. In slowly-varying channels, the proposed algorithm well tracks the zero-forcing beam solution and significantly reduces computational complexity by simply updating beamforming matrices instead of redesigning them with new channel state information at each time step.</P>
Venture Capital Financing and Soft Budget Constraints
Haksoo Ko(고학수) 한국법경제학회 2004 법경제학연구 Vol.1 No.1
미국에서의 벤처 산업의 발전 및 이를 뒷받침하는 벤처 캐피탈의 발전은 벤처 산업의 육성을 추구하는 많은 나라에서 관심의 대상이 되어왔다. 미국에서의 벤처 캐피탈의 발전은 시장에서 여러 이해 당사자 간의 강한 인센티브가 결부된 일종의 진화과정(evolutionary process)을 거쳐 이루어진 것이라 할 수 있는 반면, 다른 많은 나라에서는 정부의 적극적인 정책을 통해 벤처 캐피탈을 육성하고 장려하는 데에 관심이 집중되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 글은 벤처 캐피탈을 통한 투자의 계약구조에 초점을 맞추어, 정부가 이처럼 적극적인 역할을 시도할 경우 연성예산제약 (soft budget constraints) 의 문제가 발생할 수 있음을 지적하고 있다. 연성예산제약의 문제는 일반적으로 정부가 개입하여 투자활동을 할 경우, 사후적으로 (ex post) 추가 투자 지원을 하는 것이 바람직한 경우라 할지라도 프로젝트 전체의 효율성을 고려하여 비효율적이라 판단될 경우에는 추가 투자지원은 없을 것이라고 하는 처음의 약정 (commitment)을 지키는 것이 어렵다는 데에서 오는 문제이다. 이 글은 실리콘 밸리에서 일반적으로 이용되는 벤처 캐피탈 계약의 경제적 구조 분석을 통해, 벤처 캐피탈 투자의 경우 벤처 캐피탈리스트에 의한 스크리닝 및 모니터링 등 정보의 수집, 분석과 연관된 활동이 특히 중요한 기능으로 강조되고 투자계약도 이와 같은 정보 수집, 분석의 결과를 직접 반영할 수 있도록 강력한 인센티브 구조를 가지고 이루어지고 있음을 보인다. 그리고 단순화 된 모델을 제시하여 정부의 개입이 있는 경우, 향후 추가 투자지원이 없을 것이라는 믿을 수 있는 약정 (credible commitment) 을 할 수 없는 상황이라면 투자활동에 있어 이처럼 중요한 역할을 하는 정보의 수집, 분석 기능이 덜 강조될 수 있음을 보인다. This paper analyzes the mechanism of venture capital financing and examines the government’s role in fostering venture capital financing. Thispaper argues, consistent with the literature on the soft budget constraint, direct involvement of the government in the market for risky investments may result in inefficient investments. That is because, while venture capital funds have a limited lifespan as specified in the contract forming such funds and venture capitalists have reasons to abide by their commitment, the government does not have a commitment device assuring that projects will, whether successful or not, indeed be liquidated when they should.
Quantitative Analysis Tools and Digital Phantoms for Deformable Image Registration Quality Assurance
Kim, Haksoo,Park, Samuel B.,Monroe, James I.,Traughber, Bryan J.,Zheng, Yiran,Lo, Simon S.,Yao, Min,Mansur, David,Ellis, Rodney,Machtay, Mitchell,Sohn, Jason W. SAGE Publications 2015 Technology in cancer research & treatment Vol.14 No.4