The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng protects cardiomyocyte from ischemic injury via caveolin-1 phosphorylation-mediating calcium influx

Hai-Xia Li,Yan Ma,Yu-Xiao Yan,Xin-Ke Zhai,Meng-Yu Xin,Tian Wang,Dong-Cao Xu,Yu-Tong Song,Chun-Dong Song,Cheng-Xue Pan 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6

Background: Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important rolein store-operated Ca2þ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protectionagainst myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributesto intracellular Ca2þ ([Ca2þ]i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed Panaxginseng (EPG) attenuated [Ca2þ]i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigatethe possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i against MI injury in neonatalrat cardiomyocytes and a rat model. Methods: PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca2þ]i concentration were analyzedin cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosiswere evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels ofcaveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH,cTnI and BNP was measured. Results: EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protectedcardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca2þ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiacapoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotectionof EPG. Conclusions: Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i.

Cloning, expression and functional analysis of a delta 6-desaturase gene from the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Hai-Yan Yu,Zhi-Feng Zhou,Jun-Qiang Jia,Zhong-Zheng Gui 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Delta 6-fatty acid desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme, which is the rate-limiting factor in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, a novel delta 6-desaturase gene was cloned from Bombyx mori (BmD6DES). Sequencing analysis revealed that BmD6DES has an open reading frame of 1357 bp that encodes 448 amino acids. Heterologous expression in yeast demonstrated that BmD6DES could synthesize γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, Δ6,9,12) by utilizing the endogenous substrate linoleic acid (LA, 18:2, Δ9,12). We found that BmD6DES transcripts were distributed in almost all B. mori tissues, with high expression levels observed at the 5th instar larval, pupal, and adult moth stages. A functional analysis of BmD6DES was performed by measuring mRNA levels after temperature stress, fungal infection, and RNA interference (RNAi). The results indicated that the highest expression of BmD6DES was observed at low temperatures (0 °C) and 6 h to 36 h after fungal infection. qPCR analysis demonstrated that BmD6DES mRNA levels in pupa after BmD6DES RNAi treatment were significantly reduced from 12 h to 72 h compared to those in the control group. Our findings suggest that BmD6DES not only induces the formation of the third carbon–carbon double bond in the LA carbon chain, but also leads to sensitivity to low-temperature stress and fungal infection. These results imply that BmD6DES is a key gene in the γ-linolenic acid pathway during B. mori development.

Potential roles of two Cathepsin genes, DcCath-L and DcCath-O in the innate immune response of Diaphorina citri

Hai-Zhong Yu a,Yu-Ling Huang,Ning-Yan Li,Yan-Xin Xie,Cheng-Hua Zhou,Zhan-Jun Lu 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

Cathepsins belong to a group of mammalian papain-like cysteine proteases that play an important role in the insect immune response. In the present study, we identified two cathepsin genes from the Diaphorina citri genome database, cathepsin-L (DcCath-L) and cathepsin-O (DcCath-O). DcCath-L encodes a DcCath-L protein consisting of 348 amino acid residues, and DcCath-O encodes a DcCath-O protein consisting of 329 amino acid residues. DcCaths contain two conserved domains, the Inhibitor_I29 and Pept_C1 domains. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that DcCath-L and DcCath-O were divided into two different groups: Cathepsin-L and Cathepsin-O. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that both DcCath-O and DCCath-L were highly expressed in the midgut, while lower expression was observed in other tissues. Developmental stage expression analysis suggested that DcCath-O was mainly expressed in third instar nymph and adult, and DcCath-L was highly expressed in first and fourth instar nymph. Following exposure to two different heat-killed bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the expression of DcCath-O and DcCath-L was significantly increased and showed differential expression patterns at different time points. In addition, silencing of DcCath-L obvious affected the gene expression of members of the Toll pathway, while knock down of DcCath-L has no significantly influence. Overall, these data provide valuable information for further functional studies of D. citri cathepsins.

L-carnitine treatment attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction

( Hai Yan Zhao ),( Hui Ying Li ),( Jian Jin ),( Ji Zhe Jin ),( Long Ye Zhang ),( Mei Ying Xuan ),( Xue Mei Jin ),( Yu Ji Jiang ),( Hai Lan Zheng ),( Ying Shun Jin ),( Yong Jie Jin ),( Bum Soon Choi ) 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.0

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that L-carnitine (LC) protects against multiorgan damage through its antioxidant properties and preservation of the mitochondria. Little information is available about the effects of LC on renal fibrosis. This study examined whether LC treatment would provide renoprotection in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent UUO were treated daily with LC for 7 or 14 days. The influence of LC on renal injury caused by UUO was evaluated by histopathology, and analysis of gene expression, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, programmed cell death, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT/forkhead box protein O 1a (FoxO1a) signaling. In addition, H₂O₂-exposed human kidney cells (HK-2) were treated with LC. Results: LC treatment inhibited expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and was followed by a significant attenuation of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The increased oxidative stress caused by UUO was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1a-dependent signaling, and this was abrogated by administration of LC. In H₂O₂-exposed HK-2 cells, LC decreased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed expression of profibrotic cytokines and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: LC protects against the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in an obstructed kidney.

Influence of Transformation-induced Plasticity on Formability of TRIP Steels

Hai Yan Yu,Shi Jin Yuan,Zhe Sun 한국소성가공학회 2011 기타자료 Vol.2011 No.8

A micromechanical flow stress model for the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel is proposed on the basis of continuum mechanics. In the model, TRIP effect and degradation of elastic modulus are considered. TRIP effect is introduced by regarding the volume fraction of retained austenites as varying with plastic strain. Degradation of elastic modulus is evaluated by an empirical expression. Both the contribution of individual phases and that of interaction between constituent phases to the overall stress are taken into account. The proposed model is introduced into LSDYNA software to simulate the cup forming and U-channel springback. Cup drawing and U-channel bending experiments are provided. Comparison shows that formability results simulated with TRIP effect are closer to the experimental ones.

백년간 중국조선족들의 국적을 논함

엄해옥 ( Hai Yu Yan ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2010 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.17

중국 조선족의 전신은 그 다수가 조선이주민들이다. 조선이주민들은 동북의 많은 토지를 개간하였을 뿐만 아니라 중국 국적법의 제정과 반포 에도 영향을 주었다. 20세기 초 조선이주민들의 월경(越境)과 간도(間島)의 출현은 ``체발이복(剃髮易服)`` 과 ``귀화입적(歸化入籍)``을 내용으로 하는 중국의 첫 부성문국적법(不成文國籍法)의 형성과 실시를 추진하였고, 조선이주민들의 국적문제와 일본이 만들어 낸 간도문제는 중국의 첫 성문국적법(成文國籍法)의 제정과 반포에 영향을 주었다. 한 세기 넘는 동안 중국조선족들은 국적문제에서 여러 가지 대우를 받았다. 중화인민공화국이 성립 된 후 중국정부는 국적 정책을 실시하여 조선이주민들을 중국국적에 가입시켰고 그들을 중국의 조선족으로 또 는 중국의 공민으로 인정해 주었다. 중국공민으로 된 중국조선족들은 오늘에 이르기까지 정치·경제·문화 등 여러 면에서 특히 국적문제에서 도 기타 민족과 같은 평등한 대우를 받아 왔다. 국적은 한 사람이 한 국가와 법률관계를 맺는 중요한 표징으로서 국 가의 권력과 이익에 관계될 뿐만 아니라 한 사람의 법률지위와도 관계된 다. 1949년 l0월 l일 중화인민공화국의 성립과 아울러 조선이주민들은 이중신분을 가졌다. 하나는 중국공민이었고 다른 하나는 중국조선족이었다. 중국공산당은 동북조선이주민들이 당시 갖고 있는 이중 조국관(祖國觀). 즉 이중국적문제에 대해 중시를 돌리고 객관적으로 대해 주었다. 중국의 개혁개방과 더불어 국내외의 문화, 특히 한국의 문화가 중국 조선족사회에 준 영향은 매우 크다. 20세기말 중국조선족 앞에는 정치·경제실력이 완전히 부동한 두 개의 모국이 나타났다. 하나는 자본주의 모국 대한민국이고 다른 하나는 사회주의 모국 조선만주주의인민공화 국이었다. 현재 괴분하게 한국에 의뢰하고 있는 중국조선족사회는 조국(祖國) 과 고국(故國) 조선족(朝鮮族)선과 한민족(韓民族)에 대한 인식이 모호해지고 있으며 이 모호한 인식은 중국조선족사회의 위기열(危機說) 과 해체열(解體說)을 만들어 가고 있다. 1988년 서울 올림픽 때부터 시선을 한국의 경제사회에 돌린 중국조선 족들은 한국국적을 신청하기 시작하였다. 중국과 한국은 이중국적을 승인하지 않는다. 국적선택은 중국공민의 자유이며 권리이다. 그러나 중국의 조선족들은 부동한 사회제도가 만들어낸 부동한 가치관과 사유 방식의 차이가 가져다주는 편견과 불신임을 외면한 채 눈앞의 경제이익 만 보고 토지를 포기하면서 한국국적을 신청하고 있다. 그들의 단순한 행위는 장래 조선족사회의 해체뿐만 아니라 자신들에게도 막대한 손실을 가져다 줄 가능성이 보인다. 중국조선족들은 응당 지난 반세기동안 중국의 민족정책과 법률 그리고 발전하고 있는 중국의 모습과 조선반도 의 국세에 주의를 돌릴 필요가 있으며 더욱이는 중국의 토지관리제도와 정책들을 다시 정시하고 인식할 필요가 있다고 보아진다.

재중조선인들의 국적에 관한 소고 - 북한송환과 중국영주를 겸하여 논함 -

엄해옥 ( Yan Hai-yu ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2019 고려법학 Vol.0 No.93

“한국헌법”의 영토설과 “재외동포법”의 재외국민범주에 관한 규정에 의하면 재중조선인은 한국국적을 가진 재외국민범주에 속한다. 현재, 한국의 재외국민연구에서 기반으로 되는 재중조선인들에 대한 고찰과 연구는 아직까지 학문적으로 전개되지 못하고 있다. 1953년 8월 17일 동북국에 내린 중공중앙의 “지시”는 중국 각 급 정부가 재중조선인들의 국적문제를 처리하는 국적정책 바로 중국 역사상 제2부 불문국적법으로 되면서 산하이관을 지역적인 기준으로, 중화인민공화국의 성립 일을 시간적인 기준으로 하여 1949년 10월 1일 전에 산하이관(山海關) 이남에 이주한 조선이주민들과 1949년 10월 1일 후 특히는 “6ㆍ25전쟁”시기부터 60년대까지 중국으로 이주한 북한공민들을 재중조선인으로 인정하였다. 뒤이어 재중조선인들의 북송(北送)사업이 있었다. 그동안 재중조선인들은 거류증, 해외공민증 그리고 영주자격증을 가지고 중국에서 생활해 왔다. 오늘까지 재일조선인에 관한 연구로 인해 일본 토쿄(東京)에서 운영되고 있는 “재일조선인총연합회”는 세상에 알려졌지만 중국 썬양(沈陽)에서 운영되고 있는 “재중조선인총연합회”는 잘 알려지지 않고 있다. 재중조선인에 대한 본 연구는 한국의 재외국민연구에 도움을 주게 될 것이다. According to the Territory Principle of Constitution of South Korea and relevant definitions of overseas Korean’s identity in the Overseas Korean Act, North Korean who possess the North Korean nationality and reside in China are treated as overseas Korean. As the foundation of overseas Korean study, however, the study of North Korean in China has been neglected. On August 17, 1953, the instruction which Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) gave to Northeastern Bureau on dealing with the nationality issue of North Korean in China became the national policy, which is the second unwritten nationality law in Chinese history. Shanhaiguan as the territorial division and the foundation date of People’s Republic of China (October 1, 1949) as temporal division, North Korean migrate moved to the south of Shanhaiguan before October 1, 1949 and North Korean migrate came to China between The 6.25 Korean War and the end of 1960s were identified as North Korean in China. Thus, the repatriation project of North Korean in China was initiated. Before the implementation of the repatriation project, North Korean in China obtained the residence certificate, overseas citizenship certificate, and permanent residence certificate. Nowadays, though North Korean in Japan and The General Association of North Korean in Japan are well-known around the world, both North Korean in China and The General Association of North Korean in Shenyang, China remain unknown. Hence, this study will shed light on South Korea’s study of overseas Korean.

일반논문 : 남북한국적법의 최초국(공)민요건에 관한 고찰

엄해옥 ( Hai Yu Yan ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2014 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.28

Nationality Law was enacted in Korea (in 1948) and in North Korea (in 1963). Nationality Law was amended ten times in Korea and twice in North Korea. Compared with North Korea’s Nationality Law, Korea’s Nationality Law has changed a lot. However, the provisions relating to the initial national element are still blank. On the initial nationality element, North Korea is based on interpretation theory of the Nationality Law. Korea is based on common law (Census Law, enacted in 1923, during Japan colonial period). Census and national are different concepts. As an statute Law country, Korea solves nationality problems in the light of common law. Korea’s Nationality Law with complete law system brought a lot changes. But, comparing with North Korea’s Nationality Law, it is a flaw that Korea has not ruled definitely.

지난세기 남북한국적법에서의 남녀평등에 관한 고찰

엄해옥 ( Hai Yu Yan ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2016 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.33

제2차 세계대전이 결속된 후 세계인권선언을 비롯한 많은 협약과 선언들에 여성차별철폐가 제기되면서 여성들의 인권은 국제사회의 중시를 받기 시작했으나 지난세기에 제정된 남북한최초국적법을 다시 돌이켜 볼 때 여성들의 법적지위에는 차이가 보였다. 이 글은지난세기 남북한국적법의 제정과 실시 그리고 개정에서 보여 진 남녀평등에 대한 회고와비교법적 고찰이라 하겠다. 지난세기, 북한국적법은 선천적인 국적취득에 있어서 부모·양계혈통주의를 원칙으로 했으나 전통적 유교관념에서 제정된 한국국적법은 부계혈통주의를 선천적국적취득의원칙으로 한 탓으로 헌법의 평등권원칙에 반한다는 거센 지적을 받아 오다가 1980년대부터는 UN의 "여성에 대한 모든 형태의 차별에 관한 협약"과 정면적인 충돌을 일으켜 설득력을 잃게 되었다. 상대적으로 북한국적법은 본 협약과의 충돌은 거의 없었다고 하면서 지난세기 북한국적법의 장초가 부모·양계혈통주의였다고 한다면 한국국적법의 단초는 부계혈통주의였다고 하겠다. 1984년에 한국은 UN에서 제정한 "여성에 대한 모든 형태의 차별철폐에 관한 협약"의 가입국으로 되었지만 한국국적법은 1997년에 이르러서야 부모·양계혈통주의를 선천적국적취득의원칙으로 하였다. 법의 제정과 개정진척이 빨랐던 한국에서 북한과는 달리 거의 반세기동안 부계혈통주의를 취하여 남녀불평등을 실시해 왔다고 하는 것은 그 시대의 맥락에서 다시 돌이켜 볼 때일관되지 않았다고 할 것이나 1997년에 개정된 한국국적법에 헌법의 평등원칙과 남녀평등의 실현에 있어서 중요한 의의를 가진 개정이라는 평가를 주어야 할 것이다. After the World War Ⅱ, with the announcement of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, many declarations and agreements started to put up with the problems of abolishing discrimination against women, women`s human rights has begun to receive the attention from international community. However, the differences of gender equality would be found when reviewing legislated North and South Korea`s Nationality Law in the Last Century. This thesis made a review and comparison of gender equality of North Korea and South Korea`s Nationality Law in the Last Century. On the question of acquiring nationality by birth, North Korea`s Nationality Law adopted parents jus sanguinis principle. South Korea`s Nationality law adopted principle of patrilineal descent. Due to the patrilineal descent of Confucian ideas against South Korea`s women`s Nationality rights, South Korea`s Nationality Law that violated the equality rights in the Constitution was criticized. It came into conflict with the UN`s "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" in 1980, and lost the conviction. Relatively speaking, North Korea`s Nationality Law never conflicted with the convention. Then come to a conclusion: the base of North Korea`s Nationality Law is parents jus sanguinis principle, and South Korea`s Nationality law`s base is patrilineal descent principle. In short, Nationality Law was legislated in South Korea in1948. South Korea accede to the UN`s "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" in 1984. But, South Korea adopted parents jus sanguinis principle until 1997. Though South Korea advocated democracy and the rule, and legislated and amended law relatively quick, adopting patrilineal descent principle and exercising inequality principle on gender for nearly half a century left regrets on its history. But, it made an important significance on upholding the equality rights in the Constitution and gender. However, there are some important significant amendments of SouthKorea`s Nationality Law on the exercising of equality principle and gender equality of the Constitution.

중국조선족의 이주와 관련된 중국국적법의 현행 과제

엄해옥 ( Hai Yu Yan ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2015 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.30

Nationality is a Legal basis that one country selected its own national and granted national rights and obligations. Therefore, with the development and changes of international society, in order to maintain rights and interests, a lot of countries enacted and amended nationality law. Emigration and nationality are closely linked, which clashed with the nationality law. Chinese Korean is an emigration nationality. The positive conflict whose emigration arose ever made a significant influence on the Nationality Law of Qing Government. China’s Nationality Law was enacted under the ground of the Cold War. Its provisions and contents are too simple, and have a certain distance with the requirement of the global era. After the end of World War Ⅱ, the nationality problem has been developed from the restrictions to the protection of nationality rights. Now a days, the center of the world gradually shifted from Europe to Asia. The transformation has two types. One is to Asia, and the other is to China. No matter that the center of the world transferred to Europe or Asia, with the improvement of China’s position and prestige in the international community, China’s nationality has gotten the attention of the international community. Subsequently, the emigration will cause the positive conflict of nationality. Protecting the national interests and state’s rights and interests is the purpose of the nationality law, and is also the ultimate purpose of amending the nationality law. The value of the nationality law reflects the guarantee of state’s sovereignty and national human rights. With the changes of international society, it is necessary for China to amend the existing Nationality Law. The amendment should be in favor of international public law and international private law, its national interests and its rights and interests, and in particular China’s prestige and future.