High expression of keratin 6C is associated with poor prognosis and accelerates cancer proliferation and migration by modulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma

Hai‑Bo Hu,Xiao‑Ping Yang,Pei‑Xia Zhou,Xin‑Ai Yang,Bin Yin 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.2

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a more frequent subtype of lung cancer and most cases are discovered in the late stages. The proliferation and metastasis of LUAD are pivotal for disease progression. Despite unremitting deeper understanding of LUAD biology, the mechanisms involved in the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD remain unclear. The objective of our article was to inquiry the expression and the function of keratin 6C (KRT6C) in LUAD cells. Methods First, the expression level and prognostic value of KRT6C in LUAD tissues were analyzed on the basis of the data acquired from TCGA database. Through qRT-PCR, the expression level of KRT6C on LUAD cell lines (A549, H1299, PC-9) and human normal lung cell line MRC-5 was tested. After that, CCK8 and colony formation assays was utilized to detect cell proliferation. In addition, to explore the influence of KRT6C on LUAD migration and invasion ability, scratch wound healing and transwell assays were utilized. Through western blotting, the protein expression levels of KRT6C, PCNA, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin were detected. Results The outcomes revealed that KRT6C was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cell lines. Besides, elevated level of KRT6C was related to worse prognosis in LUAD patients. Ablation of KRT6C restrained proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells. KRT6C deficiency augmented the expression of E-cadherin as well as reduced the expression of N-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin. Conclusion Above all, these consequences indicated that depletion of KRT6C suppressed A549 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which might be achieved by regulating EMT. In general, KRT6C is identified as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.

Practical Calculation Method for the Short‑Circuit Current of Power Grids with High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Hai‑feng Hong,Meng‑ze Yu,Xiao‑hui Zhang,Jia‑jia Huan,Yu Sui,Xian‑xian Pan 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.2

With the expansion of the power grid scale and the enhancement of network structure interconnection, the short-circuit current of power grids is increasingly close to the upper capacity limit of circuit breakers. The fault current limiter is efective in suppressing the short-circuit current of power grids, and with the mature development of superconducting technology, high-temperature superconducting fault current limiters (HTS-FCLs) have been widely used in power grids. Due to the nonlinear impedance–current characteristic of HTS-FCLs, the traditional short-circuit current calculation method is inapplicable to power grids with HTS-FCLs. First, based on the establishment of the electromechanical transient model and the short-circuit calculation model, the short-circuit current calculation procedure for power grids with HTS-FCLs is proposed. Second, the calculation methods for three-phase and single-phase short-circuit currents at the substation bus in power grids with HTS-FCLs are analyzed. Finally, three-phase and single-phase short-circuit currents at the 500 kV Xijiang substation bus in the Guangdong power grid are calculated as the study case. Simulation results show that compared with the situation where there is no HTS-FCL installed, the short-circuit current on the 500 kV bus decreases from 65.34 to 58.31 kA in terms of the three-phase short-circuit fault, and decreases from 54.56 to 46.62 kA in terms of the single-phase short-circuit fault, thus verifying the efectiveness and practicability of HTS-FCLs in suppressing the short-circuit current, which is signifcant for the safe, stable and reliable operation of the power grid.

Study on the differential gene expression of elm leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki

Hai‑bo Lu,Ling‑pin Jin,Dong Wei,Zhi‑hong Huang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.12

Background To study the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation is very important. Objective To investigate the differential gene expression in leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki and to provide a basis for the better understanding of the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation. Methods The infected leaves of the elm were divided into three periods: initial formation period (T2), growth and differentiation period (T3), and cracking period (T4). The untouched leaves were used as the control (T1). RNA-Seq was performed, and the high-quality sequences were mapped to the reference genome and the elm gene database to obtain the gene expression profiles. The expression level of each gene was calculated by the RPKM method. A combination of FDR ≤ 0.01 and the absolute value of |log2 ratio (T/CK)| ≥ 2 was used as the threshold to determine the significance of gene expression. Finally, GO and pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify the significantly enriched functional classification and metabolic pathways in DEGs. Results The results revealed that approximately 244 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T2, including 192 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated mRNAs; approximately 175 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T3, including 145 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated mRNAs; and approximately 372 mRNAs were detected between T1 and T4, including 360 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated mRNAs. Approximately 34 differentially expressed genes were identified by Venn analysis. Comparing the three infection periods to the control, there were 28 up-regulated and six down-regulated mRNAs. Additionally, 562 genes were used for cluster analysis, which revealed that the gene expression in T2 and T3 changed greatly. Genes related to cell proliferation and respiration, such as microtubulin and 6-phosphoric acid fructose kinase were mainly up-regulated during the T2 period. Genes encoding lipoxygenase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and protease inhibitor were up-regulated during T2 and T3. Genes encoding lignocellulose synthase were up-regulated during T4, which suggests the reinforcement of the cell wall to improve the resistance to the damage of the Tetraneura akinire Sasaki. Conclusions The results showed that the feeding of Tetraneura akinire Sasaki caused the differential expression of elm genes and influenced cellular energy metabolism. These changes in physiological response and gene expression of the elm compose the physiological and molecular basis of the gall formation and may improve the resistance of elm to Tetraneura akinire Sasaki.

MiR-873, as a suppressor in cervical cancer, inhibits cells proliferation, invasion and migration via negatively regulating ULBP2

Hai‑Xia Liang,Yu‑Hong Li 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.4

Background Cervical cancer (CC) remains a large burden in the developing countries. The tumor inhibitory role of miR873 has been verified in a variety of cancers, however, whether miR-873 has a suppressive effect on CC remains unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of miR-873 in CC, as well as explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The prognostic values of miR-873 were assessed by Kaplan–Meier methods and cox regression models using the data which were downloaded from TCGA database. The expression of miR-873 was measured by RT-qPCR. Cell counting Kit-8, clone formation, and Transwell assays were used to assess the cell viability and metastasis, appropriately. The targeting relationship between miR-873 and ULBP2 was predicted by biological software and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Rescue assays were conducted to investigate whether miR-873 affects the phenotype of CC cells via regulating ULBP2. Results We observed that miR-873 was low-expressed in CC. Up-regulation of miR-873 notably restrained the proliferation, invasion and migration of C33a cells. Meanwhile, down-regulation of miR-873 in SiHa cells presented the opposite outcomes. ULBP2 was forecasted and certified as a target of miR-873. The results of rescue assays showed that overexpression of ULBP2 could restore the proliferation and motility of CC cells that inhibited by miR-873. Conclusion MiR-873 suppressed the CC cells proliferation, invasion and migration via negatively regulating ULBP2, suggesting that miR-873 could serve as a valuable therapeutic target for CC therapy.

한국인의 연, 망간, 알루미늄 및 실리콘의 혈중 농도

김정만,안정모,김원술,김정일,신해림,정갑열,김준연 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

Blood Lead, Manganese, Aluminium and Silicon Concentrations in Korean Adults Jung Man Kim, Jung Mo Ahn, Won Sul Kim1), Jung Il Kim2), Hai Rim Shin, Kap Yeol Jung2), Joon Youn Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and Industrial Medicine Research Institute. Dong-A University Department of Health Care, Handong University Sunlin Presbyterian Hotpital1) Department of Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University2) 0bjectives : This study was performed to determine the reference values of blood lead, manganese, aluminium, and silicon in healthy adults. Methods : The subjects were 132 (67 male and 65 female), and classified to three age groups (≤39,40∼49, and 50≤). Hood lead, manganese and aluminium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and blood silicon was analyzed by direct current plasma optical omission spectrometer. Results : Blood lead levels(geometric mean, S.D) were (3.49, 1.70) ㎍/dL in male auld (3.04, 1.65) ㎍/dL in female, but the difference is not significant, and there was no significant difference between age groups. Mean blood manganese level was 0.99±0.41㎍/dL, and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood aluminium level was 0.59±0.35㎍/dL and there was no significant difference between sex or age groups. Mean blood silicon level was 54.41±27.64㎍/dL in male and 43.34±23.51㎍/dL in female, and the level in male was significantly higher than that in female (p〈0.05). There was significant difference between age groups, and the oldest showed the highest level in male (p〈0.05), but no significant difference between age groups in female. Conclusions : Authors hope that this study would provide basic data for determininig reference values and evaluating health effects.

開化期 漢詩에 나타난 日本·日本人 : 開港부터 韓日合倂時까지

이혜순 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.61 No.1

This paper aims at clarifying feature and image of Japan and Japanese described in the poems written in Chinese by traditional poets who lived at the end of Chosun dynasty. It investigates the materials from the time of opening ports, which had resulted from a treaty between Chosun and Japan in 1876, up to 1910 when Chosun lost her independence. What concerns us above all is that there were quite a few poems which expressed poets longing toward General Lee, Sunsin who had defeated Japanese navy during yimjin war. Though three hundred years have passed since the war, it is interesting to know that poets at the time still depicted Japan with the image of an invader. Japan invaded Chosun in 1492, and killed many innocent people besides destroying precious cultural inheritances. The viewpoint toward Japan, however, was not necessarily portrayed with such a simple negative image, While Kangwi(강위) regarded Japan as a friendly neighbor and thought that the whole became peaceful by the conclusion of the treaty with Japan, Hwang Hyun(황현) described Japan as a greedy nation which was going to swallow the countries in the East, comparing her to Chin(秦) in ancient China. Chin China often stands for greed, amorality, violence and conquest by military force in the poems written in Chinese. In addition, Japan was recognized to have the double-sided aspects of being the sun-rising country and the devilish country. The former, which means fairyland, can be seen in the poems by Kang Wi and Kim Yunsik(김윤석) , and the latter appears in the works created by Kim, Taikyung(김택영) and Su, Sungwu(서상우). At that time, Japan was being modernized by accepting the new system of government and machines from the Western countries. The civilization that Japanese have established impressed the intellectuals of Chosun a great deal, but at the same time, people of Chosun looked upon the dark smoke coming out of ships, one of the representatives of civilization of the time, as an ill omen. These double-sided recognitions are equally revealed in the viewpoints toward the Japanese people. The comparison of the Japanese to a tigar, a wolf, a crocodile, a wild monkey and so a\on indicates the negative characteristics as their merciless plunderers, with whom it is almost impossible to make peace. On the other hand, the poems which were dedicated to the Japanese through intimate individual relationships idealize their personality, attitude, and literary talents from the beginning to end. Though they can simply be regarded as rhetorical expressions, it is true that such idealization furthered the deep friendship between the poets of the two countries. Country to the general expectation, it appears that there are not many poems depicting Japan and Japanese at the time concerned. The Korean intellectuals did not want to attribute to the downfall there future of their motherland. They rather considered it as an opportunity for self-introspection, blaming the high-ranking officials of their own government for their foolishness and lack of deep thought. It might be, it seems to me, because of the tradition of Confucianism which tends to criticize inside and self more severely than outside and others. On the contrary, those who had traveled to Japan showed in their poems either excessive prejudice or excessive open-hearted favor without any doubt. The Japanese, however, conquered Chosun, making ill use of that open-hearted friendship, which indicates how dangerous the easy-going human relation can be among people with imperialistic greed.

미술가 주도 미술 수업의 효과성 연구

김해경 한국문화교육학회 2012 문화예술교육연구 Vol.7 No.1

거주 예술가 프로그램(artist residency program)은 학생과 현직 예술가의 직접적 교류기회 제공을 목적으로 현직 예술가를 학교 등의 교육 현장에 초빙하는 교육 프로그램이다. 미국의 경우 1966년 시인이 학교 교육에 참여하는 프로그램(Poets-in-the-School)을 운영한 것이 거주 예술가 프로그램의 공식적인 시작으로 본다. 그동안 거주 예술가 프로그램에 대한 여러 연구가 있었으나 대부분 거주 예술가 프로그램의 교육적 효과에만 초점을 두었다. 본 연구에서는 예술가, 학교, 학생, 미술관 등 다양한 관점에서 거주예술가 프로그램의 효과성을 조망해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미국 인디애나 주 포트웨인 시(Fort Wayne)에 있는 포트웨인 미술관(Fort Wayne Museum of Art)이 운영하는 "예술의 날" 프로그램(Fine Arts Day Program)에 대해 연구하였다. 예술의 날 프로그램은 포트웨인 미술관이 지역의 예술가들을 모집하여 포트웨인 시의 초등학교에서 학생들을 가르치도록 하는 프로그램이다. 예술의 날 프로그램에 참여한 여러 분야의 예술가들 중 미술 관련 수업을 한 세 명의 지역 예술가의 수업을 관찰·분석하고 교사와 학교 행정가, 포트웨인 미술관의 교육 담당자들을 인터뷰하여 미술가가 주도한 미술 수업의 효과성을 여러 측면에서 살펴보았다. 그 결과 예술의 날 프로그램은 지역 예술가들에게 재정적 지원과 예술적 영감을 주어 창작활동에 활력을 불어 넣는 효과가 있었다. 프로그램에 참가한 학교의 교사와 학교 행정가는 미술의 중요성을 상기하는 기회가 되었으며 미술과와 다른 과목을 통합하여 지도하는 방법에 대한 아이디어를 얻게 되었다. 학생들은 다양한 예술 활동을 경험하였고 직접 만지고 보고 조작하면서 학습할 수 있는 기회를 가졌다. 예술의 날 프로그램을 개발·운영한 포트웨인 미술관은 지역사회에 미술관을 홍보할 수 있었다. Since the U.S. government established the Poets-in-the-School program in 1966 as the initial stage in artist residency programs, considerable research have been conducted. Most of it has focused on the educational effects of the program. Therefore, this paper addresses the impacts of visual artists teaching from various perspectives; artists', schools', students', and a museum's by studying the Fine Arts Day Program in Indiana. The Fine Arts Day Program was developed by the Fort Wayne Museum of Art(FWMoA) in Indiana to connect local artists and community schools through encouraging artists to teach in elementary schools. The program supported the artists financially in both the short and long term while stimulating their artistic growth. Teachers and administrator re-evaluated the significance of art in the classroom and developed ideas on when and how to integrate art with other subjects. The program provided students with abundant opportunities for creative activities and experiential learning. Through the program, the FWMoA had the opportunity to publicize itself within the community.

國債補塡財政支出의 經濟的 效果에 관한 硏究

丁海龜 단국대학교 산업연구소 1995 산업연구 Vol.18 No.-

Since 1960’s when the world economy had begun to be troubled with the state of “Stagflation”, a great disputation between Keynesians and Anti-Keynesians concerning the effects of the government economic stabilization policy have been continued. The disputation had been brought to a focus upon the effects of the government bond-financing expenditure. Keynesians advacate the effect, and Anti-Keynesians do not agree with them. As a matter of course, the debate was developed on the assumption that bond stock has it’s wealth effect. However the situation become more complicated, as a quite different view had raised concerning the wealth effect of the bond stock. The results of emphirical test of Korean economy(1970-1993) are as follows. Firstly, it turned out that bond stocks are regarded as net wealth by their holders (about 71%), and the increase of bond stocks has considerable influences on the increase of consumption expenditure with the function of this wealth effect of bonds. Secondly, the bond-financing expenditure scarcely influence to rise and fall of interest rate with very low significance level. But private investment is analyzed to be increased directly by the increase of bond-financing expenditure without transmission mechanism by interest rate. Thirdly, The increase of bond-financing expenditure costs the economy by accompaning the rise of price level. Therefore we can dare to say it as a concluding remark that the bond-financing expenditure has crowding in effects in the Korea economy with the cost of a hike of prices.

女性의 差別待遇排除에 對한 人權宣言

金惠淑 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1968 法政學報 Vol.12 No.-

본 논문은 1967년 11월 7일 'UN 제22차 총회에서 채택된 것이다 총회는 1) 인민이 국제연햡 헌장에서, 기본권과 인간의 가치및 존엄과 남녀동권에 관한 그들의 신념을 재확인했음을 고려하고 1) 시계권인선언이 무차별의 원칙과 모든 인간은 그 존엄성과 권리에 있어서 자유롭고 평등하게 태어 났으며 성에 대한 차별을 포함한 여하한 종류의 차별을 배제하고 동헌장에 기재된 바 모든 인간은 모든 권리롸 자유를 향유할 권리를 부여 받았다고 천명했음을 고려하고 1) UN및 여성에 대한 차별대우를 배제하기 위한 모든 종류의 특정기관의 결의와 선언과 협약과 권고를 참작하여 1) UN 헌장과 세계인권선언, 인권에 관한 '국제협약 밍 UN의 제기관과 특정기관이 존재하고, 인권평등에 관한 의사일정이 만들어졌음에도 불구하고 아직 여성에 관한 차별대우의 상당한 부분이 잔존함에 관하여

持續的 品質改善과 品質原價의 測定

朴海根 啓明大學校 會計情報硏究所 1995 會計情報리뷰 Vol.- No.1

이 논문은 품질원가정보가 비용/효익 비교의 관점에서 품질개선 활동을 평가하는 수단이 될 수 있음을 밝히고 품질원가정보가 그러한 평가수단으로서의 기능을 제대로 수행하기 위해서는 품질원가의 분류와 측정이 적절하게 이루어져야 함을 강조하고 있다. 점차 심해지는 국내외 시장의 경쟁에서 살아남고 성장하기 위해서 기업들은 무결함 품질수준에 이르기까지 지속적으로 품질개선노력을 기울여야 한다. 그런데 주지하듯이 기업의 궁극적이 목표는 장기적인 이익의 극대화에 있으므로 기업은 품질개선을 통하여 보다 큰 이익을 얻을 수 있다는 확신이 설 때에만 품질개선노력을 할 것이다. 그러한 확신은 품질개선활동으로 인한 효익이 품질개선활동에 따른 비용을 능가하리라는 기대에서 나온다. 따라서 기업이 품질개선활동을 계속할 것인가, 계속한다면 어떤 개선활동에 자원을 더욱 배분할 것인가를 결정하려면 비용/효익 비교의 관점에서 품질개선 활동을 평가해야 할 것이다. 이때 품질원가정보는 중요한 평가수단을 제공한다. 이 논문에서는 높은 품질과 낮은 원가를 동시에 이루어 낼 수 있는 품질관리의 성숙단계와 품질원가모델을 소개한 후 그러한 관련문헌에 비추어 우리나라의 한 제조회사의 품질원가사례를 검토하여 품질원가의 분류 및 측정상의 문제점을 지적하였다. This paper clarified that quality cost information can be used as a means to evaluating firms' quality improvement activities based on the cost/benefit consideration, and emphasized that those companies evaluation their improvement activities should classify and measure their quality costs properly to take advantage of the usefulness of the quality cost information. Ever increasing competition facing manufacturing companies in domestic and global markets in recent years forces those firms to make every effort to continuously improve the quality of their products up to the level of zero defects for their survival and growth. However, business managers will try to improve the quality of their products only when they are convinced that their improvement efforts help them earn a higher income, assuming they serve their firm's eventual goal of maximizing its long-term profit. Such a confidence comes from their expectation that the benefits from their quality improvement activities will exceed the costs incurred for performing the activities. Thus managers should evaluate their quality improvement activities based on the cost/benefit consideration when they decide whether to continue performing their activities of where to allocate their resources. Quality cost information provides an important means to the evaluation. This paper introduced a matured step of quality management and a quality cost model in which a firm can accomplish both a higher level of quality and a lower level of cost. The paper reviewed a case of quality cost system of a Korean manufacturing business and indicated some problems in the classification and measurement of its quality costs.