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Association of Financial Distress and Predicted Bankruptcy: The Case of Pakistani Banking Sector
Hafeez ULLAH,Zhuquan WANG,Muhammad Ghazanfar ABBAS,Fan ZHANG,Umeair SHAHZAD,Memon Rafait MAHMOOD 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1
The banking sector is one of the most important sectors in Pakistan’s struggling economy. Recent studies have recommended that suitable methods can be applied to predict bankruptcy. In this context, this work analyzes Pakistan’s banking sector’s financial status through the five-factor Altman Z-score model, which determines the probability of bankruptcy for an organization. Banking data has been collected through the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in the period 2013-2017. The Z-score assessment criteria is defined as: Z> 2.99 - “safe” zone; Z> 1.8 Z>2.98- “grey” zone; and Z <1.8 - “distress” zone. Results show good predictions for the local banking industry, while most foreign Pakistani banks were found bankrupt with the Z-score below 1.1. One of the financial risks investors face when investing in any company is the risk of bankruptcy. One of the most used models for predicting financial distress for any company is Altman’s Z-score model. On the other hand, the Z-score analysis suggests that all banking establishments are not bankrupt because they have sufficient ability to control bankruptcy. At the same time, foreign banks failed financially and would not be able to be sustained in the future because they do not have the ability to pay the short-term and long-term debt.
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Crop Residues Management for Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Saline-Sodic Soil
Khalil Ahmed,Ghulam Qadir,Abdul-Rehman Jami,Hafeezullah Rafa,Muhammad Aamer Mehmood,Kyung-Hwa Han,Muhammad Ibrahim 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.4
Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long term effect of gypsum and crop residue on crop yield and soil health in rice-wheat crop rotation system in salt affected soil. A saline-sodic field having ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) 4.77 (dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>); pH (H₂O) 8.96; SAR 43.78 (mmol L<SUP>-1</SUP>) and gypsum requirement (G.R.) 2.86 (Mg acre<SUP>-1</SUP>) was selected on Soil Salinity Research Institute Farm. Five treatments consisting of (T₁) control, (T₂) gypsum at 100% G.R., (T₃) gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, (T₄) gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, (T?) gypsum at 25% G.R.+ rice and wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> were replicated four times under completely randomized block design. The data indicated that grain and straw yield of rice and wheat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by all the amendments used either single or in combination. T₂ (gypsum at 100% G.R.) significantly (P<0.05) increased grain and straw yield of rice and wheat crops followed by T₃ (gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) when compared with control. Soil properties were also improved by used amendments, pronounced decreased in ECe, pHs and SAR were recorded in T₂ followed by T₃. The efficiency of the treatments could be arranged in following order gypsum at 100% G.R.> gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>> gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice and wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>> gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>> control.
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Crop Residues Management for Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Saline-Sodic Soil
Ahmed, Khalil,Qadir, Ghulam,Jami, Abdul-Rehman,Rafa, Hafeezullah,Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Ibrahim, Muhammad Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.4
Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long term effect of gypsum and crop residue on crop yield and soil health in rice-wheat crop rotation system in salt affected soil. A saline-sodic field having $EC_e$ (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) 4.77 ($dSm^{-1}$); pH ($H_2O$) 8.96; SAR 43.78 ($mmol\;L^{-1}$) and gypsum requirement (G.R.) 2.86 (Mg $acre^{-1}$) was selected on Soil Salinity Research Institute Farm. Five treatments consisting of ($T_1$) control, ($T_2$) gypsum at 100% G.R., ($T_3$) gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, ($T_4$) gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, ($T_5$) gypsum at 25% G.R.+ rice and wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were replicated four times under completely randomized block design. The data indicated that grain and straw yield of rice and wheat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by all the amendments used either single or in combination. $T_2$ (gypsum at 100% G.R.) significantly (P<0.05) increased grain and straw yield of rice and wheat crops followed by $T_3$ (gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$) when compared with control. Soil properties were also improved by used amendments, pronounced decreased in $EC_e$, $pH_s$ and SAR were recorded in $T_2$ followed by $T_3$. The efficiency of the treatments could be arranged in following order gypsum at 100% G.R.> gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice and wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > control.
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Malik Azhar HUSSAIN,Amjad WAQAR,Saddiq ANAM,Khan HAFEEZULLAH,Zafar ASMA 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.4
Corporate governance and innovation have been a hot topic in recent boardroom talks, whether in the trade or manufacturing industries. Governance innovations are highly significant for the survival of the motor vehicle industry like Honda, Nissan, New General Motors, and Toyota. The study chooses the motor vehicle industry which crosses the age of a century and sufficient corroborative support exists with the perspective of distinctive objectives. Using the population of all the automobile companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), we distill automobile companies to evaluate the firm performance using the panel data regression approach. The results show that there is a significant relationship between gender diversity, audit committees, and firm performance. Further, board size also has a positive impact on firm performance. We identify that the governance mechanism of firms found in default of the frequency of audit committee meetings. By considering results, only limited knowledge of finance directors and also very few numbers of female directors are on the board. Empirical findings of this work might be useful for policymakers in attempting to draft a corporate governance framework better able to monitor the financial performance of firms through female directors and also serve as a catalyst for the regulators of electric vehicles.
ScienceON
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