http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
1630년대 심양 사행일기의 면모 -<심양사행일기>와 <심양왕환일기>를 중심으로
신해진 ( Hae Jin Shin ) 택민국학연구원 2015 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.16
선약해(宣若海)의 <심양사행일기(瀋陽使行日記)>와 위정철(魏廷喆)의 <심양왕환일기(瀋陽往還日記)>의 연구를 통해 1630년대 심양 사행일기의 구체적 면모와 전반적특징을 살피고자 하였다. <심양사행일기>는 1630년 선약해가 위문사(慰問使)로서, <심양왕환일기>는 1631년 위정철이 회답사(回答使)로서 심양에 다녀온 일기이다. 둘다 사신으로서 공식 임무를 수행한 일지이자, 중원의 정세 정탐보고서이기도 하다. 먼저, 사신으로서 공식 임무 수행 과정에서는 공격적인 불손한 후금인들을 상대하며 목숨을 내놓고 임무를 수행하는 사신의 모습을 만날 수 있었다. 선약해는 ‘가도(가島)의 명군에게 쌀 제공 여부’를 놓고 집중적으로 추궁을 당하면서 또한 ‘변발한 사람을 쇄환하는 일, 후금의 잠상(潛商)들을 정벌한 일, 군사를 빌려주는 일’ 등에 대해 갈등과 마찰을 빚는 가운데 조선의 국서 전달 및 후금의 분노를 달래는 임무를 수행하였다. 반면, 위정철은 ‘가도의 변란 뒤에 일어날 상황’에 대한 관심을 갖고 있으면서 ‘예물의 감소에 대해 불만’을 품고 있으며 ‘변발한 사람의 쇄환’을 요구하는 후금에게 당당하게 대응하기도 하고 옹색한 사정을 들어 달래기도 하고 어쩔 수 없이 요구를 들어주기도하면서 조선의 국서 및 예물을 전달하는 임무를 수행하였다. 게다가 위정철은 후금으로부터 대금을 받고 약재(藥材)을 거래하기도 하고, 후금에 귀순한 조선인의 쇄환을 요구하기도 하였다. 하지만 둘 다 후금의 회답국서를 받지 못한 채 귀국해야 했다. 다음으로, 다양한 방법으로 명나라와 후금의 정세 등을 정탐한 첩보의 구체적 양상을 알 수 있었다. 뇌물을 주고 호인을 매수하기도 하고, 길에서 만난 농부에게 은근슬쩍 돌려 묻기도 하고, 호인들끼리 하는 말을 엿듣기도 하여 얻은 정보를 빠짐없이 기록하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 포로로 잡혀간 조선인들, 조선에서 죄를 짓고 후금에 투항한 자들의 근황에도 촉각을 세우고 있다. 향후 조선의 정치적 외교적 행보를 결정하는데 중요한 단초를 마련하고자 명과 후금의 정세를 상세하게 기록하고자 한 것이다. 그리고 <심양사행일기>와 <심양왕환일기>는 모두 후금의 차사들과의 대화를 그대로 옮겨놓음으로써 사신들의 고충과 노력에 대한 형상화를 극대화할 수 있었고, 포로조선인 및 후금인들과의 대화나 제보를 그대로 옮겨놓음으로써 첩보의 신빙성을 높일수 있었으니, 이는 사실성을 확보에도 기여하는 것이어서 실기로서 그 가치가 인정된다 하겠다. This paper studies Seon Yak-hae(宣若海)``s <Simyang sahaeng ilgi> (Consolation Messenger``s Diary about Shenyang Travel), and Wi Jeong-cheol (魏廷喆)``s <Simyang wanghwan ilgi> (Reconciliation Messenger``s Diary of Shenyang Travel) to examine Simyang sahaeng ilgi in the 1630s. <Simyang sahaeng ilgi> was written in 1630 by Seon Yak-hae after he visited Simyang as a consolation messenger, and <Simyang wanghwan ilgi> was written in 1631 by Wi Jeong-cheol after he visited Simyang as a reconciliation messenger. Both are diaries on official missions and intelligence reports on China at the same time. Seon Yak-hae was intensively questioned about whether Joseon(朝鮮) provided rice to Ming(明) troops in Gado(가島), and faced conflicts and confrontations over the repatriation of pigtailed people, subjugation of Later Jin (後金) smugglers(潛商), and the lending of troops, and yet carried out his missions of delivering Joseon``s credentials and appeasing Later Jin``s wrath. On the other hand, Wi Jeong-cheol boldly responded to Later Jin which was deeply concerned about possible civil war in Gado, which was dissatisfied over the reduced tributes, and which requested the repatriation of pigtailed people. He listened to their mean excuses and appeased them, reluctantly accepted their demands, and yet carried out his missions of delivering Joseon``s credentials and tributes. They as emissaries carried out their official missions, even risking their lives, as they handled the aggressive, impolite Later Jin officials. Seon Yak-hae and Wi Jeong-cheol tried to get the intelligence about the political situations of Later Jin and Ming in diverse ways. To do that, they bribed people, asked farmers on the roads, eavesdropped on the Chinese. In this way, they gathered and recorded all these intelligence. They also were keen about the captured Joseon people and Joseon people who defected to Later Jin after they committed felonies in Joseon. To determine Joseon``s future political and diplomatic strategy, the two emissaries recorded the political situations of Ming and Later Jin in detail. <Simyang sahaeng ilgi> and <Simyang wanghwan ilgi> recorded the emissaries`` talks with Later Jin``s officials to fully show their difficulty and efforts. They also recorded the talks with and intelligence about the captured Joseon people and Later Jin people so as to boost the reliability of the intelligence, but also contributed to securing the factual truth, offering tremendous values as actual records(實記).
신해진 ( Hae Jin Shin ) 한국고전연구학회 2014 한국고전연구 Vol.0 No.29
정묘호란과 병자호란 사이에 후금과 조선의 외교적 교섭에 관한 중요사료라 할 수 있는 <심양왕환일기(瀋陽往還日記)>는 1631년 3월 19일부터 4월 30일까지 장계(狀啓) 형식으로 거의 매일 기록한 사행일기(使行日記)인데, 후금의 정세뿐만 아니라 그 명나라 및 몽골과의 관계에 관한 낌새까지 기사가 상세하다. 이 일기는 위순량(魏順良)의 소장본을 1927년 베껴 옮긴 등초본이다. 그간 이 문헌의 저자는 일기의 내용을 충분히 검토도 하지 않은 채 빈약한 근거를 통해 1631년 춘신사(春信使) 박난영(朴蘭英)으로 추정되어 왔다. 이러한 추정에 대해, 이 글은 1631년의 춘신사로서 박난영, 선유사(宣諭使)로서 박난영 등으로 행적을 나누어 각종 문헌자료를 살펴봄으로써 잘못된 것임을 밝혔다. 또한 조선사편수회가 1935년에 편찬한『조선사료집진』 및 『조선사료집진해설』의 자료에서 새로운 근거를 찾아냄으로써 입증의 단서를 마련하고 각종 문헌자료를 통해 위정철(魏廷喆)이 저자임을 입증하였으며, 그 인물의 간략한 일대기도 아울러 정리하였다. 위정철은 위손량과 10대의 방조(傍祖)와 방손(傍孫) 사이였다. <Simyangwanghwan Ilgi (瀋陽往還日記, Diary on Travel to and from Shenyang)> is an important historical record on diplomatic negotiations between Later Jin Dynasty(後金) and Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮) during the Jeongmyohoran(丁卯胡亂) and Byeongjahoran(丙子胡亂). It was an envoy``s diary which was written in the form of a report to the king nearly every day from March 19 to April 30, 1631. It details not only the Later Jin``s political situations but also movements about its relations with Ming(明) and Mongolia(蒙古). This diary is the transcript which was copied from the copy possessed by Wi Sun Ryang(魏順良) in 1927. The author of this literature was presumed to be Park Nan-yeong(朴蘭英), a Chunsinsa(春信使) envoy appointed in 1631, based on poor grounds without reviewing the contents of the diary. Regarding this presumption, this study examined literature on Park Nan-yeong as a Chunsinsa envoy, and on Park Nan-yeong as a Seonyusa(宣諭使) envoy, proving that such presumption was wrong. Also, 『Collection of Joseon Historical Records(朝鮮史料集眞)』 and 『Interpretation of Collection of Joseon Historical Records(朝鮮史料集眞解說)』, compiled in 1935 by Joseon History Compilation Association(朝鮮史編修會) were explored, and other literatures were also examined, proving that Wi Jeong Cheol(魏廷喆) is the author of the diary. His brief biography was also mentioned. Wi Jeong Cheol was a tenth-generation descendant of Wi Sun Ryang.
어린이에서 수술 중 엎드린 자세와 누운 자세에서의 심박수변이도의 비교
김혜경,김종성,김성덕,김희수,염명걸,백진우 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4
Comparison of Heart Rate Variability between the Supine and Prone Plsition during General Anesthesia in Children Hee-Soo Kim, M.D., Jin-Woo Baik, M.D., Chong Sung Kim, M.D., Seong Deok Kim, M.D. Myung0Kul Yum, M.D.^*, and Hae Kyung Kim, M.D.^?? Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University ^*Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University ^??Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea Background: It is well known that the prone position affects hemodynamics. In this study, we investigate whether the prone position will affect the heart rate variability compard with the supine position. Methods: Sixty five pediatric patients were assigned to supine group (n = 36) and prone group (n = 29) according to position during surgery. The patients were indeced with thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with O_2-enflurane-N_2O. ECG data was collected for 15 minutes after saturation at the end tidal concentration of the inhalent agent. From the ECG data, power spectral analysis was performed and approximate entropy was calculated. Results: IN the prone group, low frequency power and ratio of low to high frequency power were lower and approximate entropy was higher than those in the supine group. Mean heart rate and blood pressure were no different between the two groups. Conclusions: IN the prone position, sympathetic autonomic activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system decreased. However the complexity of regulation of heart rate variability was maintained in the prone position. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 455~460)
숙명여자대학교 문신미술관 리브랜딩 프로젝트 -마케팅전략을 통한 디자인 문제점 해결을 중심으로-
류혜나,박예진,손예빈,송혜진,이종화,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-
본 연구는 한국의 뿌리, 동양의 미의식을 동시에 지닌 숙명문화원의 가치를 끌어올리기 위해 ‘브랜드, 디자인, 마케팅’을 융합된 시점에서 바라보고 그래픽, 제품, 공간의 통합 및 구축하는 일련의 프로세스를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구 시간적 범위는 2017년 3월~6월까지 조사대상은 브랜딩이 미흡한 숙 명문화원의 문신미술관, 숙명박물관, 숙명역사박물관, 정영양자수박물관으로 한정한다. 그 결과, 디자인과 마케팅의 융합된 측면에서 도출된 브랜드스토리인 ‘문신의 작은 우주’는 조각가 문신의 가치관과 정체성을 유지하면서 지역사회와 소통하는 미술관으로서 포지셔닝 되었다. 또한, 문신미술관은 디자인과 마케팅 측면을 융합하여 로고, 사인물, 에코백, 머그컵 및 전시기획 등에 이르기까지 일관성과 객관성, 스토리성을 띄었다. 끝으로 본 연구는 문신미술관의 디자인과 마케팅을 융합하여 좀 더 체계화된 G·I, P·I, S·I의 통합 브랜드 매뉴얼을 만든 것에 의의가 있다
여호와의 증인 환자에서 산과적 출혈 후 무수혈 치료 2예
김재령,여소진,이해혁,김정식,김태희,남계현,이권해,이임순,박진화,황경호 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Jehovah's Witness comprise a unique obstetric population. Their refusal of blood stems from an interpretation of a literal translation of the Bible, and it is this belief that puts them at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality if hemorrhage occurs. We report two cases of a Jehovah's Witness who bled massively due to obstetric hemorrhage, refused blood transfusion and had profound anemia. The patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin, parenteral iron and oxygen. And they were treated on an intensive care unit with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. We reviewed with literature considering the therapy for acutely anemic patients who refuse transfusion to decrease the duration of the most severe anemia.
進饌儀軌를 통하여 본 1887년 朝鮮王朝 宮中 進饌宴 중 萬慶殿 翌日灰爵과 萬慶殿 翌日夜연의 상차림에 대한 考察
金尙寶,李盛雨,朴惠苑,韓福眞,黃蕙性,韓福麗 동아시아식생활학회 1991 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.1 No.3
To examine the following day party and the following evening party in the Man Kyong Jeon, the authors studied "Jin Chan Eui Gue", which is a historical reoord published in 1887(King Go-Jong). The results obtained from the study were as follows, 1.There were fixed arranging tables(22) and taking-away tables in the dining table of the following day party. 2.There were fixed arranging tables(5) and taking-away tables in the dining table of the following evening party. 3.Food and flowers were distributed to the 390 attendants in the following day party. 4.There were no distribution of food and flowers to the attendants in the following evening party. 5.Arrangements of the followings day party and following evening party were the same as those of the main party. 6.The arranged seat of the King, Go-Jung was facing the south. 7.According to the status or class of the attendant, the pattern or size of table settings were differentiated in the kinds of food, heights of food, table flowers, chinaware etc. 8.1n the arrangements of tables for the King, the heights of food on the dishes were as following levels, 1 dish : 1 chok(1尺) 6 dishes : 8 chon(8寸) 4 dishes : 7 chon(7寸)
백상현,박재성,차장규,홍현숙,김대호,박성진,조준희,이혜경,최진수 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.2
Purpose: BOOP and NSIP also share similar clinical features such as subacute flu-like illness, the finding of bronchoalveolar lavage, the result of pulmonary function test and more favourable outcome than usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP). The author try to compare the HRCT findings of NSIP with BOOP by pattern and distribution of diseases. Materials and Methods: HRCT findings of histopathologically proven NSIP(Group Ⅰ; 6, Group Ⅱ; 7, Group Ⅲ; 2) in 15 patients(5 male, 10 female, age range, 39-69 years; mean age, 53 years), BOOP in 15 patients(6 male, 9 female, age range, 26-76 years; mean age, 52 years) were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The common pattern of the two diseases was admixed consolidation, ground glass attenuation & reticular densities with/without architectural distortion(NSIP; 53.3%, BOOP; 46.7%). The main component of the pattern wan predominantly consolidation(NSIP; 46.7%, BOOP; 73.3%) and ground glass attenuation(NSIP; 40.0%, BOOP;20.0%). Architectural distotion was more provinent finding with NSIP(mild ; 3, moderate ; 4, severe; 2) compared with BOOP(mild; 7, moderate; 2, severe; 0). The predominant overall distribution was lower lung, peribronchovascular & peripheral lung field in both of the two entities(NSIP;73.3%, BOOP; 73.3%). Peribronchovascular involvement was more common with NSIP(100%) than BOOP(80%), whereas peripheral involvement was more common with BOOP(93.3%) than NSIP(80%). Conclusion: The HRCT findings of NSIP and BOOP were similar in pattern and distribution. But NIP manifested more frequently ground-glass attenuation, whereas BOOP showed more frequently consolidation. Architectural distortion was more severe with NSIP than BOOP. NSIP invoved more frequently peribronchovascular space and BOOP were more common in peripheral lung field.
들민달팽이(Deroveras varians)의 배자발육과 난황단백질
진병래,손흥대,박혜진,조은숙 東亞大學校附設 農業生命科學硏究所 1999 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.8 No.1
들민달팽이의 배자발육은 해부현미경으로 관찰하였다. 산란 후 4일이 경과면서 발육이 급격하게 진전되어, 10일이 지나면서 난 내에서 들민달팽이 유충의 형태를 갖추고, 12일째 부화하였다. 들민달팽이의 배자발육에 따른 난황단백질의 변화는 산란 1일째, 3일째 및 6일째 알의 난황단백질을 전기영동방법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 배자발육과 함께 급격히 감소되는 난황단백질 관련 밴드를 관찰할 수 있었다. We characterized embryogenesis and egg proteins of Variable field Slug, Deroceras varians. The embryogenesis was observed by light microscopy. The eggs were hatched at the twelfth day after oviposition. The egg proteins of the first day, third day and sixth day after oviposition were analyzed by native-and SDS-PAGE analyses. The results showed that yolk proteins are gradually decreased during embryogenesis.
유산균(L.lactis CBT-8)및 발효 추출물의 Helicobacter pylori 억제 능력
진춘조,박형석,이혜운,김성렬,강동구,이준상,이재동,왕준호 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-
Helicobacter pylori infection was the cause of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric MALT lymphoma. The eradication rates of H. pylori using antibiotics are around 80%. Lactobacilli have been demonstrated to have in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects on H. pylori infection. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of L. lactis CBT-8 and its extract on H. pylori in human stomach. Thirty-five H. pylori-infected volunteers(30-49 yr)were randomized into two groups which were treated with L. lactis CBT-8 and its extract(Group A n=17) or milk containing L. lactis CBT-8(Group B, n=18). They underwent 13C-urea breath tests before and after treatment. The DOB30 of group A(n=14) was decreased 41.0% after treatment(26.0±4.9 before, 15.3±2.1 after treatment)(p<0.05). the DOB30 of group B(n=13) was decreased 22.3% after treatment(22.0±2.2 before, 17.1±1.7 after treatment)(p<0.05). In conclusion, L. lactis CBT-8 was effective in suppressing H. pylori infection in human stomach.
두 마리의 면역매개성 혈고판감소증 개에서의 MMF를 이용한 치료
손혜진,박형진,서경원,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2012 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1
Two dogs (case 1: 4-years-old female Dachshund, case 2: 1-years-old male maltese) were reffered with petechia. Result of blood analysis and coagulation test reveled immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in all dogs. Treatment with MMF for them, case 1 present steroid-induced hepatopathy, case 2 present anemia, so treated with Human IgG and blood transfusion. 3(case 1) or 2(case 2) months after initial treatment, clinical features were improved, and continuous monitoring is needed.