Comparison of Scapular Kinematics During Active Shoulder Horizontal Adduction Between Subjects With and Without Limited Range of Motion of Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

( Ha Na Joung ),( Moon Hwan Kim ),( In Cheol Jeon ),( Pt Ui Jae Hwang ),( Oh Yun Kwon ) 한국전문물리치료학회 2016 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Background: Shoulder horizontal adduction (HA) is performed in many activities of daily living. The limited range of motion (LROM) of HA is affected by the tightness of the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, and posterior capsule of glenohumeral joint. The LROM of shoulder HA contributes to excessive scapular abduction. Objects: The aim of this study is to compare the scapular abduction distance and three dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder horizontal adduction between subjects with and without the LROM of shoulder HA. Methods: 24 subjects (12 people in LROM group and 12 people in normal ROM group) participated. Subjects with less than 115° of HA ROM were included in LROM group. Shoulder HA was performed 3 times for measuring scapular abduction distance and three-dimensional displacement of the scapula. Tape measure was used for measuring scapular abduction distance. Scapular abduction distance was normalized by dividing the scapular size. Polhemus Liberty was used for measuring the three dimensional displacement of the scapula. Results: Normalized scapular abduction distance was significantly greater in LROM group than normal ROM group (p<.001). Three-dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder HA was greater in LROM group than normal ROM group (p<.05). Conclusion: LROM group had a greater scapular abduction and three-dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder HA compared to normal ROM group.

논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구

김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.

〈목주잡가〉의 구조적 성격과 내적 의미

김하나(Kim, Ha-Na) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.137

“Mokchu chapka” is a series of Korean sijo poems composed by Hwang Yun-sǒk (1729-1791), a Confucian scholar and poet during the 18th century. This particular poetic work was created when the author was appointed as the magistrate of the district of Mokchǒn, relatively a marginal position in the country, and the poems became an important source to understand the author’s consciousness and emotional experience reflected in the lyrics. Hwang Yunsǒk employed the extended form of sijo, called yǒn-sijo, which enabled him to convey the details of his feelings. However, he detach himself from the convention of ordinary sijo and created a unique form and the content, in which he deals with his loyal attitude toward the ruler on the one hand and expresses his affection for his family on the other. His poems also illuminate his selfhood in reality. In general, Hwang’s poems are characterized by two major subjects: the embodiment of the Confucian ideology and the author’s own individual aspect of life. In other words, Hwang’s poems can be divided between the autobiographic writing and the expression of the Confucian ideology. Particularly, he portrayed the reality of his life as a local official in the autobiographic writing, which captures his private feelings and the condition of life. On the other hand, the poems show that the internalization of the Confucian norms and ideology propelled him to focus on study and self-cultivation. In this context, “Mokchu chapka” has interwoven various elements of Hwang’s consciousness of reality and his feelings. In conclusion, “Mokchu chapka” reflects the literati’s consciousness of an elite man in the local area during the 18th Century and also shows the interiority of the poet. While he served as the magistrate of Mokch’ǒn, he struggled to overcome his frustration with the reality and his poem-writing likewise provided him with a way to overcome his frustration through the realization of the Neo-Confucian ideology in the literary world.

Effect of Poly-L-Lysine as Cryoprotectant Agent on the Post-That Developmental Competence of In Vitro-Matured Bovine Oocytes

A-Na Ha1,Seok-Hwan Song,Imran Khan,Kyeong-Lim Lee,Chowdhury MMR,Mesalam Ayman,Pu-Rum Park,Xu Lian Guang,Myeong-Don Joo,Il-Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2015 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Gintonin facilitates catecholamine secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla

Seung-Yeol Na,Ki-Hwan Kim,Mi-Sung Choi,Kang-Su Ha,Dong-Yoon Lim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6

The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to 30 μg/ml), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine (1 μM, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine (2 μM, a muscarinic M₁ receptor antagonist), Ki14625 (10 μM, an LPA_1/3 receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger), a nicardipine (1 μM, a voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channel blocker), TMB-8 (1 μM, an intracellular Ca²⁺antagonist), and perfusion of Ca²⁺-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a Ca²⁺chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside (100 μM, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA (0.3~3 μM, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 (10 μM). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin (3 μg/ml). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ increase by stimulation of the Ca²⁺ influx as well as by the inhibition of Ca²⁺ uptake into the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the Ca²⁺ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.

家宅信仰을 통한 韓國傳統住居空間의 意味 解釋

천득염,나경수,손희하,나하영 전남대학교호남문화연구소 2001 호남학 Vol.28 No.-

The Korean Traditional Dwelling House is product of a social environment which reflects the thought, religion. Therefore, to understand the meaning of the Korean Traditional Dwelling House, it is necessary to study the dweller' thought about men-world. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning of the Korean Traditional Dwelling House by analyzing the Residential Religion. In conclusion, the Residential Religion is related closely to the Korean Traditional Dwelling House. On such a context, the Korean Traditional Dwelling House is regarded as a sacred house where gods dwell. Accordingly the Korean Traditional House has the dualism as the space of men and gods, and the hierarchic structure by hierarchy of gods.

Glyoxal-induced exacerbation of pruritus and dermatitis is associated with <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> colonization in the skin of a rat model of atopic dermatitis

Han, Rafael Taeho,Kim, Hye Young,Ryu, Hyun,Jang, Wooyoung,Cha, Seung Ha,Kim, Hyo Young,Lee, JaeHee,Back, Seung Keun,Kim, Hee Jin,Na, Heung Sik Elsevier 2018 Journal of dermatological science Vol.90 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with hyperreactivity to environmental triggers. Among those, outdoor air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been reported to aggravate pre-existing AD. However, underlying mechanisms of air pollution-induced aggravation of AD have hardly been studied.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which glyoxal, a PM-forming organic compound, exacerbates the symptoms of AD induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Naïve and AD rats had been exposed to either fresh air or vaporized glyoxal for 5 weeks (2 h/day and 5 days/week) since one week of age. Pruritus and dermatitis were measured every week. The skin and blood were collected and immunological traits such as Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, production of antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulin, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Exposure to glyoxal aggravated pruritus and dermatitis in AD rats, but did not induce any symptoms in naïve rats. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization was increased in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. Expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 and β-defensin-2 was also increased by exposure to glyoxal in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. The mRNA expression of Th1-related cytokines was elevated on exposure to glyoxal. However, serum immunoglobulin production was not significantly changed by exposure to glyoxal.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>In AD rats, exposure to glyoxal exacerbated pruritus and cutaneous inflammation, which was associated with increased colonization of <I>S. aureus</I> and subsequent immunological alterations in the skin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal aggravated the symptoms in AD rats, but did not induce AD in naïve rats. </LI> <LI> <I>S. aureus</I> skin colonization and subsequent expression of antimicrobial peptides were increased after exposure to glyoxal. </LI> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal elevated the production of Th1-related cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ in the AD lesional skin. </LI> </UL> </P>

간호조직에서의 MBO(Management By Objectives: 목표관리) 적용

하나선,임미영 瑞逸專門大學 2000 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

MBO defines a system for making organizational structure work, to bring about vitality and personal involvement in the hierachy by means of statements of what is expected from everyone involved and measurement of what is actually achieved. It stresses ability and achievement rather than personalty. MBO allows the individual nurse to contribute to the common goal of the enterprise while nurse managers focus on the business goals. It promotes high standards, focusing on the job and not on the manager or the worker. The MBO concept implies that evert person or group in a work setting has specific, attainable, and measurable objectives that are in harmony with those of the organization. MBO requires managers and workers to meet to establish specific objectives, develop alternative means of reaching them, and periodically review progress toward those objectives. MBO spells out the results expected of the clinical nursing unit and of the unit in relation to other units. It emphasizes teamwork and team results. MBO is needed for organizational development and vice versa. It allows the organization to be managed against goals and for results. MBO is not panacea for all management problems, but the system works well in managing nurse activities. Nurse managers need to take the lead in using and guiding MBO, because it is the managers themselves who most influence the organizational climate, employee morale, and motivation.

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man의 에피퍼니와 시간

나하엽 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1994 外國文化硏究 Vol.17 No.1

어린 시절 초기 에피퍼니들에서 Setphen은 예술가로서 그에게 요구될 것을 단지 어렴풋이 감지할 뿐이다. 내면의 목소리가 그를 부르지만 그 메시지는 불분명하다. 이런 순간들은 그의 타고난 과묵한 태도를 굳혀가고, 나아가 그로 하여금 처음으로 시 쓰기를 시도하게 한다. 소설의 거의 시작 부분에서부터 Stephen은 자신이 그의 가족, 동료들과는 다르다는 것을 깨닫는다. 몇몇 에피퍼니들은 Stephen이 예술가로서의 그의 소명에 이르는 도정에서 벗어나지 않도록 보호해 주는 기능을 수행한다. 한 예로 Stephend은 예수회 교단에 들어갈 확신을 거의 굳혔을 때 하나의 에피퍼니가 그의 예술가적 소명의 비전을 밝혀준 것을 들 수 있다. 이 때의 경험이 “그는 다른 사람들과는 별도로 자신의 지혜를 배워야 할 운명 He was destined to learn his own Wisdom apart from others"이라는 신념을 갖게 한다.

맬라무드의 The Natural : 고통과성숙 Suffering and Moral Growth

나하엽,최기군 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1997 外國文化硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Bernard Malamud was a humanist whose premise was pro-humanism and anti-nihilism. He was also a moralist who believed in the good within and perfectability of human beings. He was of the belief that suffering is unavoidable in this impersonal modern world, but that human beings can achieve moral or spiritual growth through learning from the suffering of the past. This paper aims to demonstrate that this belief of Malamud's is embodied in The Natural as in his other works. The hero of The Natural, Malamud's first novel, is Roy Hobbs who is an American pro-baseball player. Roy has superb potential, assisted by his magic bat 'Wonderboy', to become a real hero. However, he committed many mistakes because of his character flaws such as hubris, lack of tolerance, pursuit of lust instead of true love, and self-centeredness. Even after he experiences a lot of suffering in "Pre-game" because of his lust, he has not learned what he should have learned from his suffering. When he reappears in "Batter Up" after fifteen years' absence he repeats the same mistakes. His fatal mistake is that he agrees to throw the playoff game without considering his surrogate father figure Pop Fisher and his team with only a happy marriage life with Memo, a bitch goddess in the American Dream, in his mind. It represents his lust and egoism which is the biggest sin in Malamud's fiction. As a result he ends up being expelled from baseball forever and his almost unbreakable record being nullified. In this respect he is a failure, but he is not a complete one in that he sheds tears at the end of the novel in the regret that he has not learned from his suffering. This suggests he has attained some, if not full, moral growth. This study shows that the Natural is in accordance with Malamud's prevailing theme of moral growth through suffering although some critics comment on the novel otherwise.