소나무재선충병 피해지에 식재된 편백의 낙엽· 낙지에 의한 탄소 및 질소 유입량

강현철 ( Hyeon Cheol Kang ),백경원 ( Gyeongwon Baek ),최병길 ( Byeonggil Choi ),하지석 ( Jiseok Ha ),김춘식 ( Choonsig Kim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.1

소나무재선충병 피해목을 모두베기하거나 미피해 곰솔을 잔존하고 편백을 수하식재 한 15년생 편백 조림지를 대상으로 1년 동안(2018년 12월∼2019년 12월) 낙엽·낙지에 의한 탄소 및 질소 유입량을 조사하였다. 편백의 평균 흉고직경은 모두베기구가 12.10 cm로 수하식재구의 9.42 cm에 비해 유의적으로 크게 나타났다. 편백 낙엽의 유기탄소 및 질소 농도는 모두베기구나 수하식재구 사이에 유의적인 차이(P > 0.05)가 없었으나, 낙엽의 C/N비는 8월∼10월에 유입된 낙엽이 93으로 12월∼3월 사이에 유입된 낙엽의 143보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 낙엽·낙지 구성 성분의 탄소 농도는 곰솔 가지, 편백낙엽, 곰솔 낙엽 등의 탄소 농도가 활엽수나 기타 물질에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 질소 농도는 활엽수 잎, 편백 녹엽(green leaf), 기타 물질 등이 편백 낙엽이나 곰솔 가지 등에 비해 높은 농도를 보였다. C/N비는 곰솔 낙엽과 편백 낙엽이 기타 물질, 편백 녹엽, 활엽수 낙엽 등에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 편백 낙엽에 의한 유기탄소 및 질소 유입량은 모두베기구가 773 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1와 6.95 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1로 수하식재구 78 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1와 0.70 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1에 비해 유의적으로 많은 양이 유입되었다. 그러나 총 유기탄소 및 질소 유입량은 수하식재구 3,765 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1와 47.6 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1, 모두 베기구 1,290 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1와 17.2 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1로 수하식재구가 상층 곰솔의 낙엽·낙지 유입으로 인하여 3배 정도 많았다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 모두베기구에 조성된 편백의 흉고직경 생장은 수하식재구에 비해 양호하였으나, 낙엽·낙지에 의한 탄소 및 질소 유입량은 상당히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. In this study, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) inputs by the litterfall of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) planted in pine wilt disease-disturbed forests were determined. The study sites were located in Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Eight plots under two regeneration sites (DR: four plots of C. obtusa planted under slightly disturbed Pinus thunbergii stands; CR: four plots of C. obtusa planted following the clear-cutting of severely disturbed pine stands) were established to collect litterfall from December 2018 to December 2019. The growth of diameter at breast height (DBH) was significantly higher in the CR treatment (12.10 cm) than that in the DR treatment (9.42 cm). C and N concentrations and the C/N ratio in C. obtusa leaf litter did not differ significantly between the two regeneration treatments, but the C/N ratio was significantly lower in the leaf litter collected in October (93) relative to that collected in December (143). The C concentration of litterfall components was significantly higher in C. obtusa leaf litter and in P. thunbergii needle litter than in broadleaved and miscellaneous litter, whereas the N concentration in broadleaved and miscellaneous litter was significantly higher than that in the leaf litter of C. obtusa and in branch litter. Thus, the C/N ratio was significantly higher in C. obtusa leaf litter and branch litter compared with that in miscellaneous and broadleaved litter. Respective C and N inputs by leaf litter were 773 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 and 6.95 kg N ha ^-1 yr^-1 for the CR treatments, and 78 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 and 0.70 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 for the DR treatment. Total C and N inputs were higher for the DR treatment (3,765 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 and 47.6 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1, respectively) than for the CR treatment (1,290 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1 and 17.2 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1, respectively). These results indicate that, for C. obtusa, the DBH growth in the CR treatment was superior to that in the DR treatment, but the C and N inputs by litterfall were considerably reduced in CR treatments.

Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release of Hydroxyapatite Coated Liposomes

조성근,위태인,하정,조선행,한건,한희동,신병철,Cho, Sung Keun,Wee, Tae In,Ha, Jeung,Cho, Sun Hang,Han, Kun,Han, Hee Dong,Shin, Byung Cheol Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.4

리포솜은 표적 약물을 봉입하여 병소에 안전하게 전달할 수 있는 약물전달체로서 연구되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 리포솜은 표적부위에서 약물방출이 제한적인 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리포솜의 안정성을 향상시키고 표적부위에서 외부 초음파로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위하여 하이드록시아파타이트(hydroxyapatite, HA)가 코팅된 리포솜을 개발하였다. 대조군 리포솜은 인지질과 콜레스테롤을 이용하여 제조하였고, 대조군 리포솜의 표면에 칼슘 아세테이트, 포스포릭에시드, 그리고 25% 암모니아용액을 이용하여 HA를 코팅하였다. 모델 약물로는 독소루비신을 사용하였다. HA코팅 리포솜의 크기는 120 nm 이었고, 약물봉입효율은 95% 이상이었다. 30% 혈장용액 내에서 HA코팅 리포솜의 입자크기는 일정한 상태를 유지하였으며, 대조군 리포솜은 크기가 1.4배 증가하였다. 외부 초음파 자극에 의한 리포솜으로부터 약물 방출을 유도한 후, 방출된 약물의 세포 이입율은 HA 코팅된 리포솜이 3배 이상 대조군 리포솜에 비하여 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 외부 초음파 자극에 의하여 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위한 초음파 민감형 리포솜을 개발하였고, 본 제형은 표적부위에서 약물의 방출을 효과적으로 제어하기 위한 분야에 활용이 가능할 것이다. Liposomes, which can deliver payload at target site, have been studied as drug carrier. However, conventional liposomes have limitation for drug release at target site. Therefore, we developed hydroxyapatite (HA) coated ultrasound sensitive liposomes to increase drug release at target site and to enhance stability in blood stream. Control liposome was prepared using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol, and then we assessed HA coating on the surface of control liposomes using calcium acetate, phosphoric acid, and 25% ammonium solution. Doxorubicin was used as a model drug. Size of HA coated liposomes was 120 nm and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin in liposomes was up to 95%. Size of HA coated liposomes are not changed in 30% serum solution, however, the control liposomes was 1.4 fold increased. After ultrasound triggered drug release from liposomes, intracellular efficiency of drug released from HA coated liposomes was 3 fold increased compared to control liposomes. In this study, we developed ultrasound sensitive liposomes to enhance drug release, which will be applied in controlled drug release at disease site.

Comparison of Scapular Kinematics During Active Shoulder Horizontal Adduction Between Subjects With and Without Limited Range of Motion of Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

( Ha Na Joung ),( Moon Hwan Kim ),( In Cheol Jeon ),( Pt Ui Jae Hwang ),( Oh Yun Kwon ) 한국전문물리치료학회 2016 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Background: Shoulder horizontal adduction (HA) is performed in many activities of daily living. The limited range of motion (LROM) of HA is affected by the tightness of the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, and posterior capsule of glenohumeral joint. The LROM of shoulder HA contributes to excessive scapular abduction. Objects: The aim of this study is to compare the scapular abduction distance and three dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder horizontal adduction between subjects with and without the LROM of shoulder HA. Methods: 24 subjects (12 people in LROM group and 12 people in normal ROM group) participated. Subjects with less than 115° of HA ROM were included in LROM group. Shoulder HA was performed 3 times for measuring scapular abduction distance and three-dimensional displacement of the scapula. Tape measure was used for measuring scapular abduction distance. Scapular abduction distance was normalized by dividing the scapular size. Polhemus Liberty was used for measuring the three dimensional displacement of the scapula. Results: Normalized scapular abduction distance was significantly greater in LROM group than normal ROM group (p<.001). Three-dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder HA was greater in LROM group than normal ROM group (p<.05). Conclusion: LROM group had a greater scapular abduction and three-dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder HA compared to normal ROM group.

논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구

김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.

연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

흰물떼새(Charadrius alexandrinus)의 번식 성공에 대한 환경 요인의 영향

이동윤 ( Dong-yun Lee ),이주현 ( Ju-hyun Lee ),성하철 ( Ha-cheol Sung ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

The nest fate of plovers have been affected from around environmental factors such as vegetation, sediment grain size and others, because these factors correlate with the camouflage and consistent temperature of nest. The Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) is known to select nest site where vegetation cover is low to easily detect predators. However, recent studies show that their nest successes positively correlate with vegetation cover rate, because vegetation can hide incubating parents from predators. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationships between vegetation cover and nest fate, and between breeding success and other environmental factors (such as, sand, shell etc.). This study was carried out from early March to late July in 2020 at Saemangeum, specifically (1) Mangyeong estuary, Gunsan, Jellabuk-do; (2) Dongjin estuary, Buan, Jellabuk-do. The study area is reclaimed land with sandy coastal environment, and the size of Mangyeong estuary was about 1,011 ha, Dongjin estuary was about 893 ha. Sedges (family Cyperaceae) were the major vegetation in these locations. We analyzed the effect of environmental factors on the breeding success of Kentish plovers. First, we measured five variables in field: nest diameter (cm), nest height (cm), nest slope (°), distance from nest to the nearest vegetation (m), and the height of the nearest vegetation (cm). Then, we obtained the coordinate of each nest with a GPS and measured distance from nest to water resource (m) using satellite map (Kakao map). We also estimated the cover of environmental factors using 1m² quadrat. The quadrat photos were taken by two ways for each nest: 1) centered on the nest within a 1m²; 2) randomly selected two points in 10m distance from a nest. On the analysis of variables in quadrat photo, we measured the 11 variables. First, we measured the cover of nest area (mm²) and the cover of five environmental factors (dry vegetation, vegetation, sand (grain size < 2 mm), shell and other object; mm²) on the quadrat photos of centered on the nest within a 1m². Second, we also measured the cover of five environmental factors in each photo and calculated the average of two photos on the each factor on the quadrat photos of randomly selected two points in 10m distance from a nest. For statistical analysis, we translated variables using “X = log10 (x + 1); X = translated value; x = origin value” before modelling and analyzed using Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The model criteria was Akaike Criteria Information (AIC). Then, we used Mann-Whitney U test to compared variables between successful and failed nests in the best model. All statistical analysis had a significant effect at p < 0.05. We analyzed 285 quadrat photos (95 photos within a 1m² quadrat centered on each nest; 190 photos on the randomly selected points within 10m area from each nest) from 95 nests: 60 nests in Mangyeong (35 successful nests and 25 failed nests); 35 nests in Dongjin (28 successful nests and 7 failed nests). As the results of GLM, the best model was composed not environmental factors, but three nest factors: nest area, nest diameter and nest slope. In this model, nest area and nest diameter were significant (p < 0.05). However, according to Mann-Whitney test, these factors did not differ between successful and failed nests (p > 0.05). Therefore, when researchers studied the effect of nest factors on the breeding success, nest area and nest diameter should be considered together. On the effect of environmental factors, all factors, which included vegetation and dry vegetation cover, did not affect breeding success. Thus, the other environmental factors should be studied to reveal which one affects the breeding success of Kentish plovers.

부산·울산·경남지역 직업병 감시체계

김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

분포형 토양침식지도를 이용한 한강상류지역 토양유실 위험성 평가

박찬원(Chan-Won Park),손연규(Yeon-Kyu Sonn),장용선(Yong-Seon Zhang),홍석영(S. Young Hong),현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun),송관철(Kwan-Cheol Song),하상건(Sang-Keun Ha),문용희(Young-Hee Moon) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 1:25,000 정밀토양도 등 가용한 공간자료를 이용하여 작성된 토양유실도를 이용하여 한강 상류지역 10개 중권역 108 소유역에 대하여 토양유실량 평가하고 토지이용별 토양유실 위험지역을 분석하였다. 대상유역 총 토양유실량은 895만 Mg yr<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 예측되었으며, 면적당 평균 토양유실량은 6.1 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>yr<SUP>-1</SUP>이었다. 중소유역 단위로 살펴보면 남한강지역이 북한강지역의 유실량 뿐만 아니라 면적당 유실량이 더 많았다. 이는 북한강 권역의 경우 화강암 및 화강편마암이 주요 모재인 반면에 남한강 권역의 경우 토양모재가 퇴적암지대를 많이 포함있어 토양침식성 인자 (K factor)와 경사 인자 (LS factor)가 상대적으로 높고, 남한강 지역의 경우 농경지 토양이 상대적으로 많이 분포하고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 대상유역의 토지이용별 연평균 토양유실량을 분석한 결과 산림/초지 > 밭 >> 도심/대지 >> 논 > 과수의 순로 분석 대상유역 중 10.7%를 차지하고 있는 농경지에서 유실되는 토양의 추정량은 41.3%이였으며, 이중 6.2%면적을 차지하는 밭이 40.6%으로 44.2%의 산림/초지와 비슷한 수준이었다. 한강상류지역 토양유실 위험성 평가시 분포형 토양침식지도와 항공사진을 비교한 결과 토양유실에 대한 공간인 정보를 확실하게 보여주고 있으며, 토양침식위험성은 남한강권역의 남한강 상류 (1001), 평창강 (1002), 충주댐 (1003) 권역에서 각각 토양침식위험성이 “보통”이상으로 높은 지역이 각각 8.7%, 7.9%, 7.8%로 평균인 5.9%보다 높았으며, 이에 대한 보전방안이 강구될 필요가 있고 판단된다. This study was conducted to evaluate soil erosion risk with a standard unit watershed in the upper Han river basin using the spatial soil erosion map according to the change of landuse. The study area is 14,577 ㎢, which consists of 10 subbasins, 107 standard unit watersheds. Total annual soil loss and soil loss per area estimated were 895 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> Mg yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and 6.1 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. A result of analysis with a subbasin as a unit showed that annual soil losses and soil loss per area in Namhan river basins was more than in Bukhan river ones. Predicted annual soil loss according to the landuse ranked as Forest & Grassland > Upland >> Urban & Fallow area > Paddy field > Orchard. Upland area covered 6.2% of the study area, but the contribution of total annul soil loss was 40.6% and that of Forest & Grassland was 44.2%. As a evaluation of soil erosion risk using the spatial soil erosion map, we could precisely conformed the potential hazardous region of soil erosion in each unit watersheds. The ratio of regions, graded as higher “Moderate” for annual soil loss, were respectively 8.7%, 7.9% and 7.8% in 1001, 1002 and 1003 subbasins in Namhan river basin. Most landuse of these area was upland, and these area is necessary to establish soil conservation practices to reduce soil erosion based on the field observation.

學問의 自由와 大學의 自治

河喆永,李東勳 東義大學校 法學硏究所 1988 공공정책연구 Vol.4 No.-

선각 평블록 조립공장 일정계획을 위한 혼합 유전 알고리즘

하태룡,문치웅,주철민,박주철 한국경영과학회 2000 經營 科學 Vol.17 No.1

This paper describes a scheduling problem of the panel block assembly shop in a shipbuilding industry Because the shipbuilding is a labor intensive industry, the most important consideration in a panel block assembly shop is the workload balancing, which balances man-hour, weight and welding length and so on it should be determined assembly schedule and workstation considering a daily load balancing and a workstation load balancing simultaneously To solve the problem, we develop a hybrid genetic algorithm Hybrid genetic algorithm proposed in this paper consists of two phases The first phase uses the heuristic method to find a initial feasible solution which provides a useful information about optimal solution The second phase proposes the genetic algorithm to derive the optimal solution with the initial population consisting of feasible solutions based on the initial solution Finally, we carried out computational experiments for this load balancing problem, which indicate that developed method is effective for finding good solutions