논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구

김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.

신촌지역 지역사회 건강요구 진단을 위한 실태조사

河英洙,車玉熙 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1976 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of health care is to promote human physical, emotional and social development through the sound life style, the prevention and treatment of desease, and rehabilitation. In order to meet the needs of human health effectively, delivery of community health care services must be applied to all the people, not only just to selested groups and individuals. Here we have the new role of the professional nurses in community. The purpose of this study was to determine the present general health status of the citizens of the district served by Ewha Womans University Community Health Nursing Services in Sin Chon area. It was hoped that this information should contribute to the more accurate assessment of health needs to develop community health nursing services toward the improvement of health care. Data was collected from a sample of 1,000 families (4629 persons) from April to October, 1975. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Of the ,1000 families, the average number of members per family was 4.6 persons. Conjugal families living apart from their extended families numbered 83.7% of the total. The average number of children per family was 2.5. 2. The ages of thesample of 4629 persons ranged from 3 months to 99 years old, and the largest distribution fell into the 5∼40 age group. Among the household heads, the largest number fel linto the 40∼59 age group, 44.7%. Of the respondents, 51.0% were male and 49.0% were female. There were many more men named as household heads, 92.1% than women, 7.9%. More respondents (55.7%) were single than married (40.1%), but 89.0% of household heads were married. 3. The educational preparation of the group ranged from elementary school graduates to university graduates. 17.0% of the household heads were elementary school graduates. Some respondents (6.1%) had no formal education. More than half of the respondents had no religious affiliation, 72.2%. 4. The majority of household heads, 82.6% were wmployed. The unemployed household heads accounted for 17.4% of the group. Not a small proportion (40.5%) of households were living in rented accommodation of one to two rooms averaging four phyong (noe phyong is six feet square). 5. Half of the households, 50.6% had used a hosoital or medical clinic for health care. Among those having health care, 42.5% had obtained health care only for the children. Difficult economic circumstances was the cause to limit health care to the children in a family (X^2=45.57>X^2_3(905)=781). Only 4.4% of the households reported that the entire family received health care. Care was limited to the ill person in 3.1% of families. Of those families receiving health care, 53.7% reported that their care was regular. When member of families numbered five or more persons, there was a tendency that they do not receive regular care (X^2=9.60>X^2_2(0.05)). 6. In the 942 families with children five years old and under, almost all (90.7%) had some immunization, but 46.6% had not had the required immunization. Some had none, 5.8%. 7. Of the 2164 reprodnctive age women, 67.3% had neither prenatal nor postnatal health care. The rest, 34.4% conulted a hospital or medical clinic about delivery. More than half (54.5%( had been delivered at home with the assistance of relatives (3.8%), or husbands (1.7%). Not a few, 24.3% had no help at all with deliveries. 8. Accidents had affected 1.4% of the households (65.1% male and 34.9 flmale). Accidentstook place on the street (55.5%), at home (30.2%), at work (11.1%), and at school (3.2%). Those suffering accidents generally recrived emergency treatments at hospitals and medical clinics, 73.0%. A small number (7.9%) were treated with folk remedies. Among respondents, 4.8% had some illness and 0.4% had some deformity. 9. Fewer families, 43.5% had consulted with some agency about family planning. The agencies used were a hospital or medical clinic(28.3%), a health centre (48.0%), a pharmacy (18.0%) and Ewha Community Nursing Services (5.3%). Families with three or more children had the tendency of using the health center, pharmacy and Ewha Community Nursing Services while those with two or fewer children of using the hospital or medical clinic (X^2=59.10>X^2_2(0.05)=5.99). At the time of the survey, 36.0% of the families reported that they used a family planning method. The primarily reported was the oralcontraceptive, 38.6%. Other methods were the IUCD, 19.2% and condoms, 9.7%. Use of a family planning method had been interrupted for 33.0% of experienced families. 10. Among the mothod in the householod sample, 25.0% stated desire for a permanent contraceptive method. Half of these women, 51.2% expressed confidence that they would have a surgical cintraceptive procedure. Recommendations included the establishment of an economic community midwifery service and a community centered accident prevention programme.

축냉재 포접화합물의 열물성에 관한 실험적 연구 : 충전량 변화 Variations of Charging Conditions

하옥남,김진홍,정낙규 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 1999 機械技術硏究 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구에서는 축냉재로서 에너지의 합리적 이용을 위한 건물공조용 축냉시스템에 적용이 가능한 TMA-물계 포접화합물의 농도와 충전량의 변화에 따른 상변화온도, 비열 및 과냉도를 실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 냉열원온도 -5。C에서 상변화온도는 5.4。C 이상으로서 적절함을 확인하였다. (2) 상변화온도는 충전량이 많을수록 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 실험결과로부터 TMA-포접화합물은 건물공조용 축냉재로서의 열물성을 갖는다고 판단된다. The objective of this paper is to investigate the thermal properties of TMA-clathrate compound applicable to cold storage system for residential air-conditioning in order to use energy reasonably. Especially, the test tube experiments are performed to compare and analyze the concentration of TMA-clathrate compound, the temperature of heat source, and the phase change temperature, specific heat and subcooling characteristics according to the variation of charge capacity. The result are summarized as follows:1) -5。C is proper as the temperature of heat source because the temperature of phase change is above 5.4。C, 2) the phase change temperature appears higher as the charge capacity is larger. Thus, it appears that TMA-clathrate compound has thermal properties as the cold storage medium for residential air-conditioning.

R-134a와 R-407C를 이용한 자동차 에어컨 성능평가에 관한 연구

하옥남,윤갑식 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2001 機械技術硏究 Vol.4 No.1

HFC-134a is currently used as the refrigerant in motor vehicle air-conditioner, replacing the ozone depleting refrigerant CFC-12. Although HFC-134a has no ozone depletion potential, it has a relatively large global warming potential, approximately 1300 times that of CO_2 over a 100 year time horizon. Therefore, HFC-134a does not seem to be a perfect alternative refrigerant due to high GWP. For this reason, non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures are expected to propose as a long-term and drop-in alternative to HFC-134a in the automobile air-conditioning system which has a variable operating conditions as a changes of RPM and pressure ratio. In this study, HFC-407C of which thermodynamic properties are similar to those of HFC-134a is selected among the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures. HFC-134a and HFC-407C were examined experimently by the performance test in the same automobile air-conditioning system.

C-3 및 C-7(치환) 세파로스포린계 항생제의 합성과 항균활성에 관한 연구(2)

河在天,高玉鉉,姜馨龍 조선대학교 약학연구소 1995 藥學硏究誌 Vol.17 No.1

In order to development new cephalosporin antibiotics 7β[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-[5-(1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrroletetrazol-2-yl]methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid(9) and 7β-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimi no) acetamido]-3-[5-naphthyltetrazol-2-yl]methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid(10) were synthesized. These compounds were tested for antimicrobial activities in vitro against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Mycobacterium phlei IFO 3158, Alcaligenes faecalis KCTC 1004, Escherichia coli 8S, Salmonella typimurium KCTC 1925, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 13130, Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 1560 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, respectively. Compound(10) showed good antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Mycobacterium phlei IFO 3158 but compound(9) showed lower antimicrobial activities as compare with cefotaxime and cefazolin.

低壓에서 均一過熱 水中에 있어서 氣泡發生에 關한 考察

河鈺男,洪明錫,吳栗權 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1984 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.6 No.2

Fer liquid temperature range from 40℃ to 80℃ which is related to flash evaporation, the experimentals were conducted the bubble occurences of superheated water in The conditions of constant circumference pressures by changing the degrees of superheat and liquid temperatures schematically and compared with numerical methods. (1) The ratios of radius, R_1/R_2 were not related to the degrees of superheat, but effected by water column pressures. (2) In the liquid temperature range from 55℃ to 75℃, the values of experimental and those of numerical were well agreed but for the liquid ranges from T=40℃ and the values of experimental were the lower than those of numerical with the lowering the liquid temperatures.

구개부에 발생한 다형선종의 처치

하주원,백승,송종운,박충열,이용욱,박홍주,오희균,유선열,김옥준 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.6

Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate is the most common of all intraoral salivary tumors. It can occur at any age but it presents most commonly in the 40∼60 age group, and there is no significant sex preponderance. It grows slowly and is usually painless, firm, well-circumscribed nodule. Because of high rate of recurrence, extra-capsular excision including the overlying mucosa and margin of normal tissue is recommended. We report 10 cases of palatal pelomorphic adenoma which have been successfully treated by extra-capsular excision. The surgical defects smaller than 3㎝ in diameter were covered with palatal acrylic splint for the secondary healing. The larger defects were repaired using palatal island flap in 3 cases, rotation flap and buccal fat graft in each 1 case. No patient showed any recurrence or malignant change during the mean follow-up period of 4 years and 9 months. These repair methods seem to be simple, reliable and uncomplicated procedures in the palatal surgical defects.

열교환기 구조 변화에 따른 NH₃와 R22의 성능특성연구

하옥남,하경수,이승재,정송태 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Nowadays HCFCs refrigerant are restricted because it cause depletion of ozone layer. However, natural gases such as ammonia as an organic compound, propane and propylene as hydrocarbon are easy and cheap to obtain as well as environmental. Accordingly, this experiment apply the NH3 and R22 to study the performance characteristic from the superheat control and compare the energy efficiency of two refrigerants from the high performance. The condensing pressure of refrigeration system is increased from 15bar to 16bar and degree of superheat is increased from 0 to 10℃ at each condensing pressure. As the result of experiment, when comparing the each COP, we knew the NH₃ is suitable as the alternative refrigerant of the R22.

油膜의 衝突 效果에 對한 硏究

河鈺男,洪錫柱,金炳哲 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1988 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

Oil Film can not reduce the error in the course of manufacturing process but also soften the sliding contact, so it can increase the efficiency of the machines. In many case of cold rolling there are impacts and the oil film influences on the structure of the surface. In this manner the influences of the oil film under impact on the flates were studied and the following conclusions were obtained; 1) In the case of being oil film and not being oil film, there were differences in the central area of surface. 2) In the case of not being the oil film the structure of the surface was flated and being ol film the structure did not change. 3) When the oil film is broken by the impact the metal begin to contact and when the viscosity is thick, it hard to breaking. 4) The higher the viscosity is the longer the contact the time of metal.

分岐管內 글리세린 수용액의 流動 特性

하옥남,이행남,이종인,윤치한 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 1998 機械技術硏究 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구에서는 글리세린 수용액(45%)을 사용하여 2차원 분기관 유로의 정상 층류에서의 분기부의 유동 상태를 알아보기 위하여 레이놀즈 수, 분기 각도, 유량 분배비등이 손실 계수에 미치는 영향을 실험으로 구하고, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 레이놀즈 수 100을 기준으로 하여 100 이하에서 T형과 Y형의 값은 직선적으로 감소하고, 유량 분배비의 영향은 적으며, 100 이상에서는 유량 분배비에 따라 거의 일정한 값, 즉 본관에서는 0.3∼1.3 지관에서는 1.70∼2.45의 수치에 접근한다. 그러나, 분기각의 영향은 레이놀즈 수 100 이하에서는 크지만, 100 이상에서는 매우 적어서 일정한 값, 즉 본관에서 액 0.9, 지관에서 약 1.8의 값을 갖는다. The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of the dividing flow in the laminar flow region. Using glycerine-water solution(45%) for Newtonian fluid, this research investigates the flow state of the dividing tube in steady laminar flow region of the two dimensional dividing tube by measuring the effect of Reynolds number, dividing angle, and the flow distribution ratio on the loss coefficient. The results of the research is as follows. In T-type and Y-type tube, the loss coefficient of the glycerine-water solution decreases in constant rate when the Reynolds number is below 100. The effect of the flow distribution rate is negligible. But when the Reynolds number is over 100. the loss coefficient as to the flow distribution rate converges to a constant value. In the main tube the value lies in the range of 0.30-1.30. In the lateral tube the value lies in the range of 1.7-2.45. The effect of the dividing angle is considerable when the Reynolds number is below 100. But it is very small and converges to a constant value when the number is over 100: in the main tube approximately 0.9, and 1.8 in the lateral tube.