Survey of Cultivation and Status of Gerbera Smart Farms

Oh Keun Kwon,Jae Ah Jung,Myung Suk Ahn,Hyun Young Song,Manjulatha Mekapogu,Dan Hye Kim,Doo Jong Ha 한국화훼학회 2021 화훼연구 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 거베라 주산지인 경북과 경남 지역의 농가 재배 및 스마트팜 현황을 조사하고 분석하고자 수행하였다. 조사방법은 2020년 81 농가를 대상으로 대면 설문조사를 실시하였다. 거베라 경영주 연령은 50∼60대가 71.6%로 가장 많았고, 30∼ 40대가 16%, 70세 이상이 9.9%, 30세 이하는 2.5% 순이었다. 거베라 재배 경력은 5년 이하가 37%였으며, 6∼10년 25.9%, 11∼20년 29.6%, 21년 이상 농가가 7.4%였다. 재배 면적은 0.3 ∼0.6ha가 61.7%로 가장 많았고, 0.3ha 미만이 30.9%, 0.6ha 이상이 7.4%였으며, 전체 평균재배 면적은 0.37ha였다. 거베라 재배 농가당 평균 인력은 자가 노동력 2.1명, 고용 노동력 0.8명 이었다. 재배 방식에서 토경 88.9%, 양액재배 농가는 11.1%였다. 국산품종을 전체 또는 일부라도 재배하고 있는 농가는 61.7%였고 외국산 거베라 품종만 재배하고 있는 농가는 38.3% 였다. 거베라 병해충 발생조사에서 병 발생이 많았다고 응답한 농가는 91.4%였으며, 충 발생이 많았다고 응답한 농가는 98.8% 였다. 스마트팜 시스템을 설치한 농가는 12.3%였으며, 설치하지 않은 농가에서 향후 설치할 의향이 있다고 응답한 농가는 76.9% 였다. 향후 경영계획을 묻는 질문에서 현상유지 80.2%, 축소 8.6%, 경영확대 11.1%였으며, 경영 확대를 대답한 농가는 경북 지역이 8농가로 경남지역 1농가 보다 많았다. This study was conducted to investigate and analyze gerbera cultivation and the status of smart farms in Korea. The survey was conducted in person for 81 farms, in 2020. About 71.6% managers of the gerbera farms were in their 50s and 60s, 16% in their 30s and 40s, 9.9% were over 70, and 2.5% under 30. About 37% of the farmers have cultivation experience of less than five years; 25.9%, 6–10 years; 29.6%, 11–20 years; and 7.4%, over 21 years. Around 61.7% of the area under gerbera cultivation was 0.3–0.6 ha, 30.9% was less than 0.3 ha, and 7.4% was over 0.6 ha; and the average area under cultivation was 0.37 ha. The average family labor of the gerbera farms was 2.1 people and the employed labor was 0.8 people. The cultivation methods included about 88.9% soil and 11.1% nutrient cultivation farms. However, 61.7% of the farmers cultivated all or part of the domestic gerbera varieties, whereas 38.3% only cultivated foreign varieties. In the pest survey, around 91.4% of the farm managers responded to have observed different diseases, and around 98.8% farms exhibited various pests. The smart farm system has been installed by 12.3% of the farming households. However, 76.9% of farming households with no prior smart farms are planning to install them in the future. Future plans include the status quo of 80.2%, reduction in total area by 8.6% and expansion in total area by 11.1%, and around eight farms in Gyeongbuk and one farm in Gyeongnam area are planning to expand their management.

수피 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 분광학적 특성 변화

박창진,김정규,김정제,박용하,신명교,양재의,최문헌 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 수피 부산물 비료의 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 시료의 유기물 분획의 함량 변화, Δlog K값과 RF값 등의 분광학적 특성 변화, 원형여지 chromatograp의 변화를 측정하여, 부숙도의 판정 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수피와 돈분 부산물빌 중 HA-C와 FA-C의 함량은 대체로 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하는 경향이었고, HA-C/FA-C 비는 증가하였다. 수피와 돈분 부산물 비료의 Δlog K값은 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하였으며, RF값은 증가하였다. 생수피의 부식산 형태는 R_p 형태였으나, B형태를 거쳐 120일경과 후 A형태로 변화하여 거의 완숙상태에 도달하였으며, 돈분 부산물 비료의 경우 40일경과 후에도 B형태로 나타나 유기물질의 부숙이 진행중인 것으로 판단되었다. 수피부산물 비료의 원형여지 chromatograph는 120일경과 후에 규칙적인 톱니 모양을 하고 있어 완숙단계에 이른 것으로 판단할 수 있었으나, 돈분 부산물의 경우는 40일이 경과한 후에도 부분적으로 불규칙적인 모양을 하고 있어 부숙이 진행되고 있는 상태인 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. Changes of the spectroscopic characteristics of the organic matter fractions and circular filter paper chromatograph were assessed for the bark and piggery manure composts during the composting. as an approach to base the criteria of the compost maturity evaluation. Contents of humic acid-C (HA-C) and fulvic acid-C (FA-C) in both bark and piggery manure composts were decreased as the composting got closer to maturity, but the ratios of HA-C/FA-C were increased. During the composting. Δlog K values were decreased, but RF values were increased. Humic acid of the mature bark compost after 120 days of composting was A-type, as compared to Rp-type for the raw bark and B-type for the immature compost. However. humic acid of the mature piggery manure composts after 40 days of composting was B-type, indicating the humification of the organic matter fractions continued at this stage. Circular filter paper chromatograph of the mature bark compost exhibited the regular sawteeth pattern at the edge, but that of the mature piggery manure showed an irregular sawteeth pattern. Results demonstrated that spectroscopic characteristics and circular filter paper chromatograph of the organic by-product composts might be employed for the compost stability assessment.

環境的 아이덴티티의 認知次元에 관한 硏究

河在明,崔武革 慶北大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.51 No.-

This thesis aims at studying one of the ways which grasps exactly environmental qualities. For this purpose, this paper examines the cognitive dimensions of environmental identity which is the identity that a person or group has with his environment, in particular when he is experiencing it as an insider. There are two important dimensions: the vertical dimension and the horizontal dimension. The vertical dimension is classified by the degree of relationship between the observer and the environment. The horizontal dimension is classified by the scale of the environment concerned with its users.

일부 미용실 이용자의 모발관리 유형에 따른 모발내 미량금속 농도

모영하,윤한,김명선,김남송,이정미,오경재 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2003 圓光醫科學 Vol.18 No.1

CROSS 공법을 이용한 폐수의 생물학적 처리에 관한 연구

박광하,심재도,권영두,강동수,김인호,정태명,황갑성 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study aims to develop using a continuous removal of organic and settling solid(CROSS) to increase the efficiency of aeration system for wastewater treatment. To solve many problems of the conventional activated-sludge process, authors suggested a new CROSS model in conjunction with aeration systems in 1996. This system is characterized by utilizing an intensive aeration pipe with inlets at the lower portion and outlets at the higher portion in an aeration tank. Through the experiments on CROSS process, the average removal efficiences of BOD, COD_(Mn), SS, T-N and T-P were showed 98.8%, 93.9%, 98.0%, 71.3% and 49.8%. The average DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) concentration was constantly maintained at 8.0 mg/L by the intensive aeration which was accompanied by rapid reduction of BOD. Degradation of the organic matters in sewage then continued for the whole aeration period. The process demonstrated that it was very adaptive without seeding and returning the sludge. Compared to the activated sludge system, the system was very flexible for the continuous flow treatment. This preliminary assessment showed that the porous media in CROSS reactor is viable for the sewage treatment, since the porous media under the intensive aeration achieves acceptable effluent quality.

주혈관이 하나만 남은 하퇴부 연부조직 결손 환자에서 비복혈관(sural vessel)을 수혜혈관으로 한 유리피판 전이

변재경,하범준,현원석,김재중,신명수 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

Free flaps have been widely used in lower leg reconstruction. However, in cases with extensive injury to the vessels as well as to the bone and soft tissues, and having only one intact major vessel in the lower leg(single vessel leg), careful selection of recipient vessels for the free flap transfer is mandatory for preventing further vascular compromise of the distal lower leg. The sural artery and its vena comitantes are frequently protected form externally harmful forces by the bulky surrounding gastrocnemius muscle and can be used as recipient vessles for free flaps without any detrimental influence on the vascularity of the distal lower leg. In our department, three latissimus dorsi muscle free flap were transferred with sural vessels as recipient vessels in the reconstruction of the single vessel legs. Except for one case of flap failure due to serious infection at the microvascular anastomoses site, all the other cases were successfully reconstructed without any necrosis of the gastrocnemius muscle or the distal leg. In addition, the sural vessels were easily accessed in any patient position and their caliber was similar to that of the vascular pedicles of the donor muscle flaps. In conclusion, the sural vessels can be another useful option in selecting recipient vessels for free flap transfer in the reconstruction of the single vessel leg.

궤적 정보를 이용한 냉동 컨테이너 모니터링 시스템

이명진,이응재,하덕천,류근호,백승재 한국지리정보학회 2005 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.8 No.1

위성 통신 기술의 발달로 국부적으로 수행리던 위치 추적의 범위가 선 세계로 3~4간되었다 하지만 기존의 물류 관제 시스템들은 관제 서버와 물류간의 통신을 위하여 휴대폰 통신망을 이용하기 때문에 일부 지역 내에서 이동하는 물류에 대해서만 관제가 가능하다. 이 논문에서는 위성 통신을 이용하여 전 세계를 이동하는 물류 매체인 냉동 컨테이너의 위치 및 상태 정보를 관리하기 위한시스템을 제안하였다. 제안 시스템은 냉동 컨테이너의 상태를 직절 관제하는 데이터 수집부, 관제서버와의 통신을 담당하는 위성 통신부, 냉동 컨테이너 정보를 판리하는 관제부로 구성된다. 시스템의 관제부에서는 냉동 컨테이너의 위치 주적 및 관제를 효과적으로 수행하기 위하여 기존의 TB 트리를 기반으로 하는 다중 버전 이동 객체 색인을 사용하였다. 제안된 냉동 컨테이너 관제시스템은 화주, 운송회사 등 육해상 물류관련 기관에서 냉동컨테이너 및 선박 위치추적, 컨테이너 통제, 컨테이너 통계 등 다양한 용도로 사용될 수 있어 화주에게는 컨테이너 운송에 대한 서비스를 제공하며, 선사에게는 선박안전경보시스템, 선박 관리, 냉동컨테이너를 효율적인 관리 기능을 제공하게 한다. As developing satellite communication, the tracking range of the moving objects which move in local area is expanded to the whole world. However previous logistics management system is able to monitor freight which transporting in local area using mobile communication system. In this paper, we propose the reefer container management system that manages the location information and other related information such as temperature, humidity of container using the satellite system. The proposed system consists of three parts; data collector, satellite communication manager, reefer container information manager. And the proposed system uses the moving object index for managing the trajectory of container and tracing the location of container or vessel that is transporting the container, and supports various services such as reefer container and vessel tracking, container control and container statistics to logistic companies like shipper and forwarding agent. And the system can be increasing the quality of container transportation service to the shipper, and it makes the efficient management of reefer container to the shipping company.

도암호의 수질과 어류군집 특성 연구

이상하,최재석,이광열,장영수,임인수,허우명,김재구,김범철 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

To investigate nutrient dynamics of the lake and fish community, both water and fish samples were collected at three different areas (dam site, upper inflowing and downstream of lake outfow) for one year from Sep.2004 to Aug.2005 During the experimental periods, mean concentration of chl, a in epilimnetic layer (0-5m) was 18.5mg^(-3) and transparency ranged from 0.3m to 2.4m, respectively. In nutrient, mean concentrations of TP and TN were 111 mgP m^(-3) and 4.4 mgN L^(-1), respectively. Based on the water quality standard suggested by U.S.EPA(*1976), the trophic state of Lake Doam was classified as eutrophic state. Total number of fish collected in Lake Doam was 9,600 indiveduals in 26 species of 6 family. Sixteen of Korean endemic soecies including H. mylodon, A. signifer, P. tenuicorpa occurred. O. mykiss as introduced fish was also found in Lake Doam. Dominant and subdominant species were P. herzi and Z. platypus that took about 34.6% and 22.5% of total fish composition, respectively. Six species including A. signifer. P. tenuicorpa. and R. kumgangensis were rare in Lake Doam. Pelagic typw of figh commonly occurred at upper regions, whereas benthic type was mainly domenated at downstream area. Therefore, pollution source inflowed from the upper regions did not seriously affect downstream area (Songcheon water system) due to the role of dam as pollutant barrier. In addition high appearance of Comat type of fish that si hybrid between gold fish (C.auratus) and C. auratus was found in the lake, It was unclear the reasons that high prorortion of mutant species apperared in the lake. Further more researches are required in this area.

Cs-137 γ-선 조사장치의 방사선장 해석연구

전재식,채하석,이철영,오장진,이병영,명동범 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.22 No.1

In reference to the ISO-4037 and ANSI N13.11, appropriateness of the shielding and collimating system, and suitability of the irradiation and its environmental conditions of a 20 Ci Cs-137 gamma-ray irradiator installed in Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety(KINS) were investigated. Upon the installation of the irradiator, condition of collimator alignment and virtual beam cross section were examined by use of a portable He-Ne laser. In order to evaluate the fitness of the secondary(scattered) to primary ratio of the collimated gamma-ray beam from the irradiator in light of ISO and ANSI requirement, the measurements of the secondary to primary ratio were performed by use of a cavity type ion chamber which had been calibrated in a calibration laboratory that maintains reliable traceability. For the theoretical assessment of the gamma-ray field the collimated beam were divided into fifteen sectors and for each sector the secondary to primary ratio and the gamma-ray spectrum was simulated by means of Monte Carlo method. The outcomes were compared with the experimental results, and cause of scattering and the existence of alleged modifying factors in the irradiator were examined.

열형광선량계에 의한 선량평가 알고리즘 개발

송명재,김희근,하정우,이태영,윤석철 대한방사선 방어학회 1992 방사선방어학회지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 ANSI N13. 11-1983의 시험기준에서 제시한 개인선량계의 선량평가 시험범주를 모두 만족시킬 수 있는 선량평가 알고리즘을 개발하는데 있다. 알고리즘 개발 대상 개인선량계로는 Teledyne Isotopes사의 PB-3 열형광선량계로 하였다. 개발된 알고리즘에 대한 미국 Atlan-Tech사와의 2차례의 검증결과, 본 알고리즘은 ANSI N-13. 11-1983의 선량평가 범주를 모두 만족시키는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm of TLD dose evaluation to meet all requirements stated in ANSI N13. 11-1983. It made the PB-3 TLD of Teledyne Isotopes an object of the development. Personal dosimetry performance testings of the development algorithm have been performed twice through the Atlan-Tech, INC. in accordance with the criteria of testing described in ANSI N13. 11-1983. As a result, it is assured that the developed algorithm has complied with all requirements stated in ANSI N13-1983.