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Hyesook Lee,Cheol Park,Da Hye Kwon,Hyun Hwangbo,So Young Kim,Min Yeong Kim,Seon Yeong Ji,Da Hye Kim,Jin-Woo Jeong,Gi-Young Kim,Hye-Jin Hwang,Yung Hyun Choi 한국영양학회 2021 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.15 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill., has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases, and has proven its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract (SF) on inflammatory and oxidative stress in particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SF in PM2.5-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of SF, the expression of genes involved in the generation of inflammatory factors was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of SF against PM2.5 in the zebrafish model. RESULTS: The results indicated that SF treatment significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced release of NO and PGE₂, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. SF also attenuated the PM2.5-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, reducing their extracellular secretion. Moreover, SF suppressed the PM2.5-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from the cytosol into nuclei and the degradation of inhibitor IκB-α, indicating that SF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, SF abolished PM2.5-induced generation of ROS, similar to the pretreatment of a ROS scavenger, but not by an inhibitor of NF-κB activity. Furthermore, SF showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in PM2.5-treated zebrafish larvae. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against PM2.5 through ROS-dependent down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that SF can be a potential functional substance to prevent PM2.5-mediated inflammatory and oxidative damage.
Hierarchical Binary Search Tree for Packet Classification
Hyesook Lim,Ha Neul Chu,Changhoon Yim [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE Communications Letters Vol.11 No.8
<P>In order to provide value-added services such as policy-based routing and the quality of services in next generation network, the Internet routers need to classify packets into flows for different treatments. Since packet classification should be performed in wire-speed for every packet incoming in several hundred gigabits per second, it becomes a major challenge in the Internet routers. In this letter, we propose a new packet classification scheme based on hierarchical binary search tree. The proposed scheme hierarchically connects binary search trees without empty internal nodes, and hence the proposed architecture significantly improves the search performance as well as greatly reduces the memory requirement compared with trie-based schemes.</P>
Hyesook Kim,Byung-Mun Jung,Bum-Noh Lee,Yun-Je Kim,Ji A Jung,Namsoo Chang 대한지역사회영양학회 2017 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.11 No.1
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to measure fat-soluble vitamins and minerals in breast milk of Korean lactating mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Breast milk samples were collected from 334 mothers. Concentrations of retinol and α-tocopherol were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectrometry while concentrations of minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Retinol and α-tocopherol contents of breast milk were 39.58 ± 19.64 μg/dL and 0.23 ± 0.13 mg/dL, respectively. Average sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in breast milk were 11.11 ± 5.16, 38.56 ± 9.01, 27.87 ± 6.10, 13.56 ± 3.30, and 3.05 ± 0.65 mg/dL, respectively. Contents of trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were 40.26 ± 46.21, 98.40 ± 62.47, 24.09 ± 9.03, and 0.90 ± 1.63 μg/dL, respectively. Fat-soluble vitamin concentration was positively correlated with total fat in milk samples, but no significant differences were observed in levels of retinol, α-tocopherol, or minerals based on whether or not lactating women were taking dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Micronutrient contents of breast milk samples from Korean lactating women were comparable to those of other nations. Retinol and α-tocopherol levels were correlated and also with total fat in breast milk.
A Quad-Trie Conditionally Merged with a Decision Tree for Packet Classification
Hyesook Lim,Youngju Choe,Miran Shim,Jungwon Lee IEEE 2014 IEEE communications letters Vol.18 No.4
<P>Trie-based algorithms and decision tree-based algorithms are well-known packet classification solutions which show trade-off between throughput performance and memory requirement. The trie-based algorithms require small memory since each rule is stored exactly once, but they do not provide high throughput because of rule comparison at every rule node. The decision tree-based algorithms provide high throughput since the number of rules compared with an input packet can be controlled as a limited number, but they require excessive amount of memory because of high degree of rule replication. This paper proposes to combine these two types of algorithms. The proposed algorithm primarily constructs a trie and then applies a decision tree for nodes having more rules than a threshold value. Simulation results show that the throughput performance is improved by up to 41 times compared with the trie, and the memory requirement is reduced by up to 38 times compared with the decision tree, so that the performance of both is within a tolerable range for practical implementation.</P>
Effect of fermented oyster extract on growth promotion in Sprague–Dawley rats
Hyesook Lee,Hyun Hwang-Bo,Seon Yeong Ji,Min Yeong Kim,So Young Kim,우민지,Young-Sam Keum,Jeong Sook Noh,Joung-Hyun Park,Bae-Jin Lee,Gi-Young Kim,Eui Kyun Park,장영채,You-Jin Jeon,Yung Hyun Choi 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.4
Background: Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are a popular marine product worldwide and have the advantage of nutritional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented oyster extract (FO) on growth promotion, including analysis of body size, bone microarchitecture, hematology and biochemistry in vivo. Methods: The amount of nutrients and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, FO 50 group (FO 50 mg/kg), and FO 100 group (FO 100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily and the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) group (200 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once daily for 14 days. Results: Oral administration of FO 100 significantly increased body length and had no effect on organ damage or hematological profiles. However, administration of rhGH significantly induced hypertrophy of the liver, kidney and spleen along with a marked increase in body length. Tibia length and the growth plate were increased, and bone morphometric parameters were slightly improved by FO and rhGH administration. Serum analysis showed that the levels of GH and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were slightly upregulated by FO administration. Nevertheless, the protein expression of hepatic IGF-1 was markedly increased by FO 100 and rhGH administration. Conclusions: FO have high content of GABA, and induced positive effects on body length, tibial length, growth-plate length and hepatic IGF-1 synthesis in SD rats with no toxicity or alterations of hematological profile. Therefore, these results suggest that GABA-enriched FO could be considered a potential alternative treatment for growth stimulation.